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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Tidskriftsartikel > Göteborgs universitet

  • Resultat 50771-50780 av 89064
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50771.
  • Lundberg, Pernilla, et al. (författare)
  • Osteoclast formation is strongly reduced both in vivo and in vitro in the absence of CD47/SIRPalpha-interaction.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Biochemical and biophysical research communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 352:2, s. 444-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Physical interaction between the cell surface receptors CD47 and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha) was reported to regulate cell migration, phagocytosis, cytokine production, and macrophage fusion. However, it is unclear if the CD47/SIRPalpha-interaction can also regulate macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated formation of osteoclasts. Here, we show that functional blocking antibodies to either CD47 or SIRPalpha strongly reduced formation of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ osteoclasts in cultures of murine hematopoietic cells, stimulated in vitro by M-CSF and RANKL. In addition, the numbers of osteoclasts formed in M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated bone marrow macrophage cultures from CD47-/- mice were strongly reduced, and bones of CD47-/- mice exhibited significantly reduced osteoclast numbers, as compared with wild-type controls. We conclude that the CD47/SIRPalpha interaction is important for M-CSF/RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation both in vivo and in vitro, and that absence of CD47 results in decreased numbers of osteoclasts in CD47-/- mice.
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50772.
  • Lundberg, Per, 1969, et al. (författare)
  • Pregnancy outcomes in young mothers with perinatally and behaviorally acquired HIV infections in Rio de Janeiro
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1413-8670. ; 22:5, s. 412-417
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Perinatally HIV-infected children are surviving into adulthood, and getting pregnant. There is a scarcity of information on health and pregnancy outcomes in these women. Aim: To evaluate characteristics related to HIV disease and pregnancy outcomes in perinatally infected women, and to compare these women with a group of youth with behaviorally acquired HIV-infection, at a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: A cohort study. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between perinatally (PHIV) and behaviorally HIV-infected (BHIV) pregnant youth with the primary aim to study pregnancy outcomes in the PHIV group and compare with outcomes to BHIV group. Results: Thirty-two pregnancies occurred in PHIV group, and 595 in BHIV group. A total of seven (22%) PHIV women and 64 (11%) BHIV women had a premature delivery (p =0.04), however, when adjusting for younger age at pregnancy, and antiretroviral therapy initiation in 1st trimester of pregnancy (OR= 18.66, 95%CI =5.52-63.14), the difference was no longer significant. No cases of mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) were observed in the PHIV group while there was a 2% MTCT rate in BHIV group. Conclusion: Pregnancy among PHIV was as safe as among BHIV. The differences between those groups were probably related to treatment and prolonged care in the first group. (C) 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.
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50773.
  • Lundberg, Vanja, et al. (författare)
  • Thymic exosomes promote the final maturation of thymocytes
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Extensive knowledge has been gained the last years concerning mechanisms underlying the selection of single positive thymocytes in the thymic medulla. Less is known regarding other important processes in the thymic medulla such as the regulation of late stage thymocyte maturation. We have previously reported that exosomes are abundant in the thymus with a phenotype that indicates an epithelial cell origin and immunoregulatory properties. In this study we use an in vitro system to investigate the effects of thymic exosomes on the maturation of single positive thymocytes as well as effects on nTreg formation. We show that thymic exosomes promote the maturation of single positive CD4(+)CD25(-) cells into mature thymocytes with S1P(1)(+)Qa2(+) and CCR7(+)Qa2(+) phenotypes. Furthermore, we show that thymic exosomes reduce the formation of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) thymocytes and that these exosome effects are independent of dendritic cell co-stimulation but require intact exosomal RNA content and surface proteins. An efficient direct uptake of exosomes by both thymocytes and thymic DC's is also demonstrated. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exosomes may represent a new route of communication within the thymus.
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50774.
  • Lundberg Zachrisson, Andreas, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Athlete availability and incidence of overuse injuries over an athletics season in a cohort of elite Swedish athletics athletes - A prospective study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Injury Epidemiology. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2197-1714. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Athletics is a sport with a high incidence of injury, where most injuries are caused by overuse. Research on injury incidence and the occurrence of overuse injuries during a season in athletics is scarce. An athlete availability (unrestricted ability to participate in training or competition) of less than 80% has been linked with athletes being less likely to reach their performance goals. The purpose of this study was to estimate the monthly injury incidence rates, athlete availability, and the overuse injury incidence rate per 1000 athletics-hours of training in a cohort of Swedish elite athletics athletes. Methods: The cohort consisted of 59 male and female elite athletes competing in either middle or long-distance running, sprint, or jumping events. Injury and training data were collected during one athletics season, from October to the end of August. All injury data were collected by medical professionals. Training data were collected monthly, and consisted of event-specific training diaries covering training sessions, training days, and non-training or non-competition days. Monthly injury incidence rates were based on the number of new injuries per month in relation to the number of exposed (injury-free) athletes. Results: The overall injury incidence rate for all athletes was highest in October (22.0%). Monthly injury incidence rate for middle and long-distance runners was highest in October (26.1%), for sprinters in April (19.0%), and for jumpers in October (21.4%). The overall athlete availability was 78.0% for the cohort. Sprinters had the lowest athlete availability (71.4%), followed by jumpers (77.3%), and middle-distance and long-distance runners (82.7%). Female athletes (76.5%) had a lower athlete availability than male athletes (79.7%). The injury incidence rate was 1.81 injuries per 1000 athletics hours of training. Middle and long-distance runners had the highest injury incidence rate (2.38), followed by jumpers (1.62), and sprinters (1.34). Conclusion: Monthly injury incidence rates during a season appears to correspond to periods of high training volume (conditioning phases and training camps). The low overall athlete availability (> 80%) indicates that many Swedish elite athletes are less likely to reach their full potential. © 2020 The Author(s).
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50775.
  • Lundberg Zachrisson, Andreas, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Occurrence of overuse injuries in elite Swedish athletics—A prospective cohort study over one athletics season
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Translational Sports Medicine. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2573-8488. ; 3:6, s. 649-656
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The incidence proportion and severity of overuse injuries (OIs) in elite athletics are still unclear due to methodological limitations of prior studies. The aim was to pro-spectively measure OI incidence proportion, severity, and anatomic location during a complete Swedish elite athletics season. Seventy-five male and female elite ath-letes between 18 and 32 years of age, competing in either middle- and long-distance running, sprint, jumping, or throwing events were recruited. A medical professional diagnosed injuries during a physical examination. All injuries were classified as gradual or sudden onset incident injuries due to overuse. An athlete was considered injury free after reporting full return to training in their training documentation. The OI incidence proportion was 72.4% (95% CI: 60.8%, 84%), with 71 recorded injuries. Most injuries were severe, with 38% of them being moderately serious (8-28 days) and 36.6% serious (>28 days-6 months). The most common injury location was the thigh/hip at 41% followed by the foot/shank at 39%. The incidence proportion and severity of OIs were higher when medical professionals evaluated each athlete who developed symptoms, compared to self-reporting athletes. Future research should evaluate possible risk factors for OIs to try to lower the OI incidence proportion.
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50776.
  • Lundberg Zachrisson, Andreas, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Overuse injuries in Swedish elite athletics–a study protocol for a prospective multifactorial cohort study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 19, s. 1-12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Overuse injuries (OI) are common in elite athletics. Previous studies have had athletes self-report injuries rather than having a medical professional provide a clear diagnosis. This might be a major reason for the inconsistencies in reported incident proportions of OI in elite athletics, in addition to the varying definitions of OI in current literature. Risk factors or combinations of risk factors (biomechanical, clinical, and training-related) have been shown to be important in the developmental process of OI. However, no studies have examined these relationships using a multifactorial and prospective approach in elite athletics. The purpose of this study protocol is to describe OI incidence proportion, injury severity, location, and occurrence during a complete athletics season. Moreover, possible discipline specific and injury specific risk factors that might be associated with OI will be examined. Methods: This study will be an explorative prospective cohort study including approximately 120 elite athletes. All athletes will be screened twice during one complete athletics season. The screening will consist of a body composition scan to measure muscle mass, fat free mass, lean mass, bone density, and bone mineral content. In addition, clinical examination will measure range of motion for the lower back, hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow and ankle joints. A running analysis will measure the 3D motions of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Finally, maximal isometric strength tests of the main core and lower extremity muscles will be carried out. To record injuries, each athlete will consult a physiotherapist or sports medicine doctor affiliated with the study to get a clear diagnosis. Injury data will be recorded according to the previously published athletics consensus statement. Discussion: Results from this study protocol will contribute more insight and detailed knowledge regarding the extent of OI occurrence among elite athletes during a complete athletics season. It will also provide further insights into which risk factors are associated with the development of OI in elite athletics.
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50777.
  • Lundberg Zachrisson, Andreas, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Risk factors for overuse injuries in a cohort of elite Swedish track and field athletes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Bmc Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-1847. ; 13:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Most injuries in track and field are caused by overuse with conflicting reports concerning the underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how biomechanical and clinical factors relate to the risk of overuse injuries, and to investigate whether the relationships between potential risk factors and injury become stronger if injuries are grouped by location. Methods The study is a prospective cohort study conducted during a Swedish track and field season over eleven months, from October to August. The cohort consisted of elite male and female track and field athletes competing in either middle- and long-distance running, sprinting, jumping, or throwing events (n = 96). Athletes performed a baseline screening at enrollment consisting of a clinical examination, running, and strength tests. Injury data was collected during the season by medical professionals and divided according to their anatomical location into upper-body, thigh/hip, knee, or foot/shank injuries. Results Thirty-four (54.8%) injuries where located at the foot/shank, followed by sixteen injuries at the thigh/hip (25.8%). Only eight knee (12.9%) and four upper-body (6.5%) injuries were registered during the season and therefore not analysed. Effect sizes were calculated for all test variables. Small effect sizes (r(pb) = .10-.23) were found for eleven risk factors between the overall injured (all injuries combined) and non-injured athletes. By further sub-grouping the injured group into thigh/hip injuries, effect size increased in hip adduction range of motion knee flexion velocity and the muscle flexibility of the iliopsoas. For foot/shank injuries, only the hamstring:quadriceps strength ratios increased for the right side to a small effect size. Conclusions Injury grouping appears to increase effect size for certain risk factors. Athletes with a slower knee flexion velocity during stance phase were more likely to become injured (p-value <.03, r(pb) = .37). An increased cohort size to further sub-divide injuries into specific diagnoses is needed.
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50778.
  • Lundblad, Barbro, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Children's experiences of attitudes and rules for going to the toilet in school.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 24:2, s. 219-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • School children often base their toilet habits on behavioural and social reasons. Bladder emptying problems, urinary tract infections and constipation are common health problems which are also associated with irregular toilet habits. School rules for going to the toilet have been shown to create difficulties for school children with bladder dysfunction. Aim of this study was to describe children's experiences of school rules for going to the toilet and their significance for the children.
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50779.
  • Lundblad, Barbro, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Continuing nursing care needs of children at time of discharge from one regional medical center in Sweden.
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Journal of pediatric nursing. - 0882-5963. ; 16:1, s. 73-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hospital nurses used an investigator designed survey instrument to record demographics and anticipated nursing needs of 29 children discharged from 7 units during a 1 month period. The median age of the children was 18 months and 77% of the sick children had one or more siblings. Parental leave enabled most parents to participate in the child's hospital care. Over three quarters of the families reported no support person available to assist them at home. At time of discharge 42% of the children required long-term nursing interventions related to chronic illness. Nurses trained parents visiting in the hospital for an average of 3 hours and 40 minutes per family before discharge. Nurses also arranged an informal system of follow-up telephone contact but few community referrals. With decreasing length of hospital stay, parents need a formal system of nursing support before and after the discharge of their child from a hospital.
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50780.
  • Lundblad, Barbro, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Experiences of children treating functional bladder disturbances on schooldays.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of pediatric urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4898 .- 1477-5131. ; 3:3, s. 189-93
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: After clinical urotherapeutic guidance, schoolchildren suffering from functional bladder disturbances are expected to manage treatment at school. To comply with treatment instructions the children have to visit the toilet at least every 3h, find the sitting position facilitating relaxation of the pelvic floor, and then empty the bladder as completely as possible. They often blame failing to comply on their experiences of the school toilet. We describe the experiences of children treating functional bladder disturbances on schooldays. METHOD: The study consisted of open-ended interviews of 20 schoolchildren aged 8-14years undergoing treatment for functional bladder disturbances, and qualitative content analysis was performed. RESULTS: Conflicting rules, a risky toilet environment and uncertainty concerning social support at school were experienced. The children had difficulty in reconciling treatment compliance with their psychological needs. They used various tricks to avoid disclosing their bladder disturbances and enabling postponement of toilet visits. Most children gave their psychological needs priority over carrying out treatment. CONCLUSION: The physical and social school environment was not adapted to these children's needs.
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