| 50441. |
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| 50442. |
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| 50443. |
- Linderoth, Jonas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Should I stay or should I go? A Study of Pickup Groups in Left 4 Dead 2
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Digital Games Research Association. - 2328-9422. ; 1:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we report an autoethnographic study of pickup groups (PUGs) in the game Left 4 Dead 2 (L4D2). The study focuses on how PUGs as social arenas are constituted by their participants and the role game design plays in structuring interaction. We use Goffman’s idea that activities are surrounded by a metaphorical frame together with an understanding of gameplay design patterns in order to analyze inclusion and exclusion, social positions and the relation between the game context and the players’ “wider worlds.” In the case of L4D2 the design pattern of Symbiotic Player Relationships creates a social situation that puts extra pressure on the players to perform well and leads to issues of identity. By negotiating the boundary between their in-game identity, based on gaming skill, and other social relations outside of the game context, players can constitute a more stable game session. The study concludes with the tentative suggestion that positive perceptions of other players’ out-of-game identity can save a game from falling apart, yet negative perceptions of other players’ values and out-of-game identities pose no threat to the game activity.
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| 50444. |
- Linderoth, Jonas, 1970
(författare)
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The Effort of Being in a Fictional World: Upkeyings and Laminated Frames in MMORPGs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Symbolic interaction. - : Wiley. - 0195-6086. ; 35:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of ten months of fieldwork studying a role-playing guild in the game World of Warcraft, this article shows that contrary to the idea that virtual worlds are seductive illusions, technology does not necessarily support players' feelings of being immersed in fictional worlds. Applying Goffman's frame theory, the author explains how role-players in the game actively upkey elements from primary frameworks in order to create and uphold the frame of being in a fictional world. This kind of narrative immersion is rather hindered than facilitated by technology.
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| 50445. |
- Linderoth, Jonas, 1970
(författare)
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Why gamers donʼt learn more: An ecological approach to games as learning environments
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Gaming and Virtual Worlds. - 1757-191X. ; 4:1, s. 45-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the argument that video games by their nature are good learning environments. By applying the ecological approach to perception and learning on gameplay, the article describes gaming as a perception – action cycle, i.e., an interplay between seeing and using affordances. This notion of how game play functions is then used in order to discuss different design features in games, and it is claimed that games can be designed so that players are able to discover and utilize affordances without always having to develop skills and knowledge. Compared to many other practices, gaming can be less demanding and not as complex since progress can be built into the game system. Previous literature have suggested that principles for learning that can be found in games potentially could inform educational practices. This article claims that progression in games does not necessarily imply learning and that the unique ways in which game design facilitate progression might are rather unsuitable principles for learning.
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| 50446. |
- Linders, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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On the nature and origin of water masses in Herald Canyon, Chukchi Sea: Synoptic surveys in summer 2004, 2008, and 2009
- 2017
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Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611. ; 159, s. 99-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrographic and velocity data from three high-resolution shipboard surveys of Herald Canyon in the northwest Chukchi Sea, in 2004, 2008, and 2009, are used to investigate the water masses in the canyon and their possible source regions. Both summer and winter Pacific waters were observed in varying amounts in the different years, although in general the summer waters resided on the eastern side of the canyon while the winter waters were located on the western flank. The predominant summer water was Bering summer water, although some Alaskan coastal water resided in the canyon in the two later years likely due to wind forcing. Both newly ventilated and remnant winter waters were found in the canyon, but the amount lessened in each successive survey. Using mooring data from Bering Strait it is shown that a large amount of Bering summer water in the western channel of the strait follows a relatively direct route into Herald Canyon during the summer months, with an estimated advective speed of 10–20 cm/s. However, while the winter water observed in 2004 was consistent with a Bering Strait source (with a slower advective speed of 5–8 cm/s), the dense water in the canyon during 2008 and 2009 was more in line with a northern source. This is consistent with sections to the west of the canyon and with previously reported measurements implying winter water formation on the East Siberian shelf. Large-scale wind patterns and polynya activity on the shelf are also investigated. It was found that the former appears to impact more strongly the presence of dense water in Herald Canyon. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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| 50447. |
- Linders, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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The melt-freeze cycle of the Arctic Ocean ice cover and its dependence on ocean stratification
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9275 .- 2169-9291. ; 118:11, s. 5963-5976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A time-dependent, 1-D coupled ice-ocean model is used to quantify the impact of ocean stratification on the Arctic ice cover. The model results show that the ice growth during winter equals the ice melt in summer for areas with a well-developed cold halocline layer (CHL), provided that the initial ice thickness is around 3 m, while thinner initial ice thickness results in net growth. Areas with weak salt stratification can have a negative annual thickness change irrespective of the initial ice thickness and are thus dependent on ice import in order to remain ice covered. The model results also show that ocean stratification is mostly important for ice-thickness development during the growing season. Areas with weak stratification have an ocean heat flux up to 8 W m(-2) reaching the ice during the growing season, while areas with a CHL have an average of about 0.7 W m(-2). In the extreme area, north of Svalbard, the ocean heat fluxes are typically around 25 W m(-2) but can be up to 400 W m(-2) during the initial adjustment, when the warm Atlantic water has direct contact with the ice. A general outcome of the study is that, depending on ocean stratification, the ice cover of Arctic Ocean can be divided into one part with net ice growth (the major part) and another part with net ice melt (mainly in the Nansen Basin).
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| 50448. |
- Linders, Torsten, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Can CAPE maintain polar lows?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. - 0022-4928. ; 67:8, s. 2559-2571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A unique dataset of atmospheric observations over the Nordic Seas has been analyzed to investigate the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) for the energetics of polar lows. The observations were made during the flight campaign of the Norwegian International Polar Year (IPY) and The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) in February and March 2008, which specifically targeted polar lows. The data reveal virtually no conditional instability and very limited CAPE. It is suggested that the significance of CAPE values should be assessed by calculating the time scale tCAPE that is necessary for the heat fluxes from the ocean to transfer the corresponding amount of energy. Even the largest CAPE values have a tCAPE of less than 1 h. These CAPE values are associated with unconditional instability. It is concluded that the observed CAPE should be seen as a temporary stage in an energy flux rather than as an energy reservoir. Based on the findings in this investigation, it is proposed that significant reservoirs of CAPE over the marine Arctic atmosphere are impossible since CAPE production will automatically trigger convection and CAPE is consumed as it is produced.
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| 50449. |
- Linders, Torsten, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and fate of trawling-induced suspension of sediments in a marine protected area
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 75:2, s. 785-795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bottom trawls suspend sediments by physical contact and the drag created by the gear when towed over the seafloor. Increased turbidity and redistribution of sediments may be of concern as some organisms are vulnerable to increased levels of sediment particles in the water column. This study investigates the distribution and fate of trawling-induced suspension of sediments in a coastal marine protected area (MPA). Bottom trawling is allowed in a deep trench of the MPA and regulated to weekdays with weekend closures. We use the closed period as controls to experimentally investigate sediment resuspension generated by the trawling fleet. We find that the turbidity is elevated at trawled depths and originates from small particles of silt–mud seafloor origin that remain suspended for days preventing background levels to be reached during closures. Peaks in the plumes behind trawlers reach levels critical to organisms but decays within hours. Currents in the trench are too weak to resuspend sediments; however, wind-induced resuspension events of elevated turbidity likely originating from nearby shallower areas may occur. Short-term closures and small-scale MPAs are concluded to be of limited use as management tools to reduce effects of resuspension by bottom trawling.
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| 50450. |
- Linders, Torsten, 1971
(författare)
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FN:s klimatpanel behöver konkurrens
- 2009
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Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten. ; :2 december
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige är det nästan tyst. Utanför våra gränser stormar det desto mer i den affär som har fått beteckningen Climategate. Problemet är inte att FN:s klimatpanel IPCC är dålig eller korrumperad utan att den saknar konkurrens, skriver Torsten Linders, doktor i oceanografi.
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