| 211. |
- Irannezhad, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Century-long variability and trends in daily precipitation characteristics at three Finnish stations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Climate Change Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1674-9278. ; 7, s. 54-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 National Climate Center (China Meteorological Administration) Long-term variations and trends in a wide range of statistics for daily precipitation characteristics in terms of intensity, frequency and duration in Finland were analysed using precipitation records during 1908–2008 from 3 meteorological stations in the south (Kaisaniemi), centre (Kajaani) and north (Sodankylä). Although precipitation days in northern part were more frequent than in central and southern parts, daily precipitation intensity in the south was generally higher than those in the centre and north of the country. Annual sum of very light precipitation (0 mm < daily precipitation ≤ long-term 50th percentile of daily precipitation more than 0 mm) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased over time, with the highest rate in northern Finland. These decreasing trends might be the result of significant increases in frequency of days with very light precipitation at all the stations, with the highest and lowest rates in northern and southern Finland, respectively. Ratio of annual total precipitation to number of precipitation days also declined in Finland over 1908–2008, with a decreasing north to south gradient. However, annual duration indices of daily precipitation revealed no statistically significant trends at any station. Daily precipitation characteristics showed significant relationships with various well-known atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs). In particular, the East Atlantic/West Russia (EA/WR) pattern in summer was the most influential ACP negatively associated with different daily precipitation intensity, frequency and duration indices at all three stations studied.
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| 212. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Compound climate extreme events threaten migratory birds’ conservation in western U.S
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Horizons. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-7378. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a warming world, more intense and frequent compound climate extreme events pose serious challenges to biodiversity and conservation on Earth as one of the 2030 United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs): “Life On Land” (SDG 15). In summer 2020, concurrent swelling wildfires and a sudden cold snap in the western U.S. killed a massive number of migratory birds. In August 2020, the hot and humid weather in response to the wildfire radiation and the oceanic evaporation could result in killing heat stress for migratory birds along the coastal shoreline, particularly in California. The heat and smoke of wildfires forced the migratory birds to abandon such feeding grounds towards inland regions, where water and food are naturally scarce, before being physiologically ready for their long-distance flyways. Then, a cold snap during 8–11 September in the Rocky Mountain states in the western U.S. urged those already weak migratory birds to fly southward before effectively recovering their physical and mental capabilities. This durable extreme starvation finally brought the skinny migrants low in the southwestern U.S. However, such ecological cascade effects of compound climate risks have rarely been acknowledged as a serious threat to migratory birds’ conservation in both scientific literature and ecosystems’ management practice. To improve our chances of saving birds’ biodiversity on Earth, hence, conscious policies and sustained efforts must immediately be arranged through SDG 13 (“Climate Actions”) based on scientific evidence and knowledge.
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| 213. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Extreme precipitation variability across the Lancang-Mekong River Basin during 1952-2015 in relation to teleconnections and summer monsoons
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 42:5, s. 2614-2638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) is home to similar to 70 million people whose life and livelihood are mostly dependent upon precipitation as the primary freshwater source. Hence, identifying potential oceanic-atmospheric drivers of regional precipitation variability is becoming increasingly important for the sustainable development of the LMRB. This study first investigated spatio-temporal variability and trends in extreme precipitation characteristics (in terms of intensity, frequency, and duration) throughout the LMRB during 1952-2015, using gauge-based gridded daily precipitation time series. Then, the associations between the historical extreme precipitation characteristics and seven teleconnection and five summer monsoon indices were explored. On the basin scale, no statistically significant (p < .05) trends were detected in annual extreme precipitation intensity, frequency, and duration indices. The number of wet days (R1mm) significantly increased in both the Mekong River Basin (MRB) and the Lancang River Basin (LRB), predominantly leading to longer wet spells in these two sub-basins. Spatially, the relatively high extreme precipitation intensity and frequency indices, as well as consecutive wet days (CWD), significantly increased in the south, east, and northwest of MRB, while decreased in the west of MRB and the north of LRB. The intensity and frequency of historical extreme precipitations over the LMRB were most significantly correlated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and East Pacific/North Pacific pattern. However, the wet/dry spells showed the strongest associations with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation/the Southern Oscillation Index on the interannual/decadal time scales (3-4/8-15 years) during 1986-1999/1968-2002, respectively.
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| 214. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Water Security: A Shining Star in the Dark Sky of Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Horizons. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-7378. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has already triggered global health, economic, and social crises, clouding the sky of achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 to improve human lives while protecting nature. Water, vital for all forms of life, is essential to public health and human well-being and smooth the path of ending poverty through food and energy security. Hence, we argued that global water security can serve as a shining star to guide policymakers through the overwhelming task of achieving the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, currently hindered by the coronavirus outbreak. To quickly attain global water security while taking the accelerators of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG6 “Clean Water and Sanitation ”) into account, this study proposed different water-related interventions. To successfully implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development after the coronavirus pandemic, we call for immediate and sustainable interventions to act rapidly towards achieving water security and SDG6 worldwide and support the constant battle against the ongoing fight with COVID-19 and prepare for possible future pandemics.
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| 215. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of changes in climate and land cover-land use on flood characteristics in Gorganrood Watershed (Northeastern Iran) during recent decades
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler Series a-Physical Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3676 .- 1468-0459. ; 100:4, s. 340-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the effects of changes in climate and land cover-land use (LCLU) on flood intensity and frequency in the Gorganrood Watershed (GW) located in the northeast of Iran during recent decades. For this purpose, hydroclimatic (precipitation, temperature, and river discharge) time series recorded at nine stations placed in the GW during 1973-2014 were used. Flood characteristics in terms of mean, maximum and number of peaks at five discharge stations (Galikash, Gonbad, Huji Ghushan, Tamar, and Tangrah) sited in the outlet of GW sub-basins were determined applying the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) method to daily specific discharges. This is designed to remove the effect of the different size of sub-basins. The whole study period was divided into three 14-years segments (1973-1986, 1987-2000 and 2001-2014) based on satellite LCLU maps produced for 1973, 1986, 2000 and 2014. In the GW and its sub-basins during recent decades, both flood intensity and frequency increased, the climate became wetter and warmer, and LCLU mostly converted from rangeland to farmland. The partial correlation analyses identified that flood frequency in GW was primarily connected to the LCLU conversions, but moderately to observed wetter and warmer climate. Similarly, the Tamar sub-basin experienced effects of LCLU and climate on the maximum and the number of peaks. In Haji Ghushan, wetter and warmer climate resulted in more intense and frequent floods. Increases in precipitation appear to have played the most important role in the higher flood frequency in Galikash.
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| 216. |
- Irannezhad, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Influential Climate Teleconnections for Spatiotemporal Precipitation Variability in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin From 1952 to 2015
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 125:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ©2020. The Authors. The Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) in Mainland Southeast Asia is home to ~70 million people, mostly living in poverty and typically working in primary freshwater-related sectors, particularly agriculture and fishery. Understanding the mechanisms of the historical variability in precipitation (as the crucial water source) plays a key role in regional sustainable development throughout the LMRB. Herein, the spatiotemporal variability in interannual and intra-annual precipitation over the LMRB was analyzed using the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) data for the period 1952–2015. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and wavelet transform coherence methods were utilized to investigate the relationships of such historical variations in annual (water year: November–October), dry season (November–May), and wet season (June–October) precipitation with 13 different climate teleconnections (eight large-scale oceanic-atmospheric circulation patterns and five summer monsoons). On the basin scale, only a significant (p<0.05) wetting trend in the dry season precipitation (DSP) was uncovered. Spatially, significant wetting (drying) trends in annual precipitation detected over the northeastern (most western) parts of the Mekong River Basin during the water years 1952–2015, largely contributed by the substantial increases (decreases) in historical wet season precipitation. The most important precipitation pattern (EOF1) was identified as a strong (relatively weak) positive center in the eastern (southwestern) Mekong River Basin accompanying by a significantly high (relatively low) positive value for the first EOF mode of the dry season precipitation (wet season precipitation). Precipitation variability in the LMRB was significantly associated with the South Asian Summer Monsoon Index, Southern Oscillation Index, and Indian Summer Monsoon Index.
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| 217. |
- Irannezhad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961-2011
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 35:10, s. 3078-3092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annual and seasonal variations in surface air temperature (SAT) during the period 1961–2011 were analysed using daily mean temperature data sets from regular grid points (10×10km2) throughout Finland. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test was used to detect significant historical trends in SAT and Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) to test the relationships between SAT patterns and various atmospheric circulation patterns over the northern hemisphere. The results showed that mean annual SAT in Finland increased (p<0.05) by 0.4±0.2°C per decade during the study period and that the SAT was significantly (ρ=0.58, p<0.05) positively correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index. However, there were spatial differences within Finland for both the trends and relationships with the atmospheric circulation. Analysis of seasonal mean SAT identified significant (p<0.05) warming trends for both spring (by 0.4±0.2°C per decade) and summer (by 0.3±0.2°C per decade). Winter and spring mean SATs were most strongly (p<0.05) correlated with the AO index (ρ=0.72 and 0.42, respectively), while the most significant teleconnection pattern for mean SAT in summer was the East Atlantic (EA) pattern (ρ=0.43, p<0.05); and in autumn the EA/West Russia (WR) pattern (ρ=−0.59, p<0.05). These results provide a detailed spatial picture of climate warming in Finland in recent decades and reveal that interannual variation of the SAT in Finland is closely linked with a number of atmospheric circulation patterns, not just the AO and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Annual and cold-season SAT are mainly influenced by the AO and NAO, whereas the EA, EA/WR, Scandinavia (SCA) and West Pacific (WP) patterns play an important role for warm-season SAT.
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| 218. |
- Irannezhad, Masoud, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term variability and trends in annual snowfall/total precipitation ratio in Finland and the role of atmospheric circulation patterns
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cold Regions Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-232X. ; 143, s. 23-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated variabilities and trends in annual snowfall to total precipitation (S/P) ratio at Sodankyla, Kajaani and Kaisaniemi weather stations in northern, central and southern Finland during 1909-2008. Annual S/ P ratio was estimated using daily precipitation and temperature records as input to a calibrated and validated temperature-index snowmelt model developed to simulate snowpack accumulation and melt processes in Finland. Factors controlling variations in annual S/P ratio and their relationships with large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs) were also studied. The results show that there were significant declines in annual S/P ratio during 1909-2008, which were principally attributable to century-long decreasing trends in annual snowfall (S) in Finland. These reductions in annual S were predominantly controlled by both annual rainfall (R) and snowfall-day temperature (ST) in the south, annual ST in the centre, and annual R in the north. However, dividing the 100-year study period into an early (1909-1958) and late (1959-2008) periods revealed non-linear trend behaviours in annual S and consequently annual S/P ratio during 1909-2008. The Arctic Oscillation, East Atlantic, East Atlantic/West Russia and Scandinavia patterns were the most influential ACPs for annual S variability.
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| 219. |
- Irannezhad, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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The dangers of Arctic zombie wildfires
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 369:6508
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 220. |
- Irannezhad, MASOUD, et al.
(författare)
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THE ROLE OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS IN AGROCLIMATE VARIABILITY IN FINLAND, 1961–2011
- 2016
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3676 .- 1468-0459. ; 98:4, s. 287-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2016 Swedish Society for Anthropology and GeographyThis study evaluates interannual variations and trends in growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum in Finland during 1961–2011, and their connections to well known atmospheric circulation patterns. Changes in summer (June–August) climate partially explain changes in growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum over Finland, which naturally decreased from south to north. On a national scale, growing season warmed and became wetter during 1961–2011, as growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 5.01 ± 3.17°C year–1 and 1.39 ± 0.91 mm year–1, respectively. The East Atlantic pattern was the most influential atmospheric circulation pattern for variations in growing season daily temperature sum (rho = 0.40) across Finland and the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern was most influential for growing season daily precipitation sum variability (rho = –0.54). There were significant (p < 0.05) increasing trends in growing season daily temperature sum and daily precipitation sum throughout Finland during 1961–2011. Increased growing season daily temperature sum was mainly observed in northern, central, western, eastern and coastal areas of south-western Finland. This warming was positively associated with the East Atlantic pattern in the north, centre and south, but negatively associated with the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern in eastern Finland. Increased GSP mostly occurred in southern, eastern, western, central, northern and north-western Finland. These wetting trends were positively correlated with the East Atlantic pattern in the north and negatively correlated with the Polar pattern in the south and the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern in the east, west, centre and north-east of Finland. The overall agroclimatic year-to-year variability in Finland between 1961 and 2011 was mostly linked to variations in the East Atlantic and East Atlantic/West Russia patterns.
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