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321.
  • Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between alcohol and liver enzymes are modified by coffee, cigarettes, and overweight in a Swedish female population.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 57:3, s. 319-324
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To examine whether positive associations between alcohol and liver enzymes were modified by coffee consumption, smoking, or weight status in a female population. Regular consumption of beer, wine, and spirits was assessed in a representative cohort of 1462 Swedish women aged 38-60 in 1968, and re-assessed in 1974. In 1980, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartase transaminase (AST) were measured in 1130 women. Exposures were averaged over values obtained in 1968 and 1974. Multivariable linear regression linked total ethanol intake to log-transformed enzyme values, including interactions by coffee, smoking, and overweight in mutually adjusted models.Coffee consumption significantly modified the association between ethanol intake and liver enzymes. One g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 5.5 (3.5, 7.5)% higher values of GGT, and 1.2 (0.4, 2.1)% higher values of AST in women consuming 0-1 cups of coffee per day, while smaller or no effects were observed in women consuming ≥2 cups/day. Synergistic interactions were observed for ethanol and smoking, and for ethanol and overweight. Average alcohol-related effects on GGT in smokers and non-smokers were given by 3.8 (2.7, 4.9)% and 2.1 (0.9, 3.2)% per g ethanol/day, and by 0.9 (0.4, 1.4)% and 0.2 (-0.3, 0.7)% for AST. Similarly, in overweight women, 1 g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 4.3 (3.0, 5.6)% higher GGT compared to 1.6 (0.7, 2.5)% in non-overweight women.The results suggest that coffee consumption reduces the enzyme-raising effect of ethanol in the presence of synergistic interactions with smoking and overweight, specifically in women.
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322.
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323.
  • Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • CETP TaqIB genotype modifies the association between alcohol and coronary heart disease: The INTERGENE case-control study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Alcohol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-8329. ; 48:7, s. 695-700
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Alcohol consumption at moderate levels has been associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the cardio-protective effect of alcohol may be restricted to subjects with a particular genotype of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism. There is evidence for this from one study in men, but the finding has not been confirmed since. The present study specifically re-examines the potential modification of the association between alcohol consumption and CHD by the CETP TaqIB (rs708272) polymorphism in a sample including both men and women. The INTERGENE case-control study consists of 618 patients with CHD and 2921 control subjects, of whom 19% were homozygous for the CETP TaqIB B2 allele. Alcohol consumption was categorized into sex-specific tertiles of ethanol intake, with non-drinkers constituting a separate category. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between CHD with genotype, ethanol intake, and their interaction. Participants with intermediate ethanol intake (2nd tertile) had lower risk of CHD than those with low ethanol intake (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.50-0.85). The strongest protective association was seen in the CETP TaqIB B2 homozygotes for intermediate vs. low ethanol intake (odds ratio OR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.10-0.44). The interaction between ethanol intake and genotype was statistically significant (p = 0.008), and of similar size in men and women though significant only in men (p = 0.01). The effect modification could not be explained by differences in lifestyle, socioeconomics, or alcohol-related biological variables such as HDL-cholesterol. Our study is the first to replicate previous findings of an effect modification in men. It gives only suggestive results for women, possibly due to the small number of female cases (n = 165). The prevented fraction for the favorable combination of genotype and alcohol consumption is about 6%, a value suggesting that the cardio-protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption applies only to a small segment of the general population. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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324.
  • Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Children's propensity to consume sugar and fat predicts regular alcohol consumption in adolescence.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 21:17, s. 3202-3209
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study investigated the association between sugar and fat intake in childhood in relation to alcohol use in adolescence. We hypothesized that early exposure to diets high in fat and sugar may affect ingestive behaviours later in life, including alcohol use.Design/Setting/SubjectsChildren from the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study were examined at ages 5-9 years and followed up at ages 11-16 years. FFQ were completed by parents on behalf of children, and later by adolescents themselves. Complete data were available in 2263 participants. Children's propensities to consume foods high in fat and sugar were calculated and dichotomized at median values. Adolescents' use of alcohol was classified as at least weekly v. less frequent use. Log-binomial regression linked sugar and fat consumption in childhood to risk of alcohol use in adolescence, adjusted for relevant covariates.Five per cent of adolescents reported weekly alcohol consumption. Children with high propensity to consume sugar and fat were at greater risk of later alcohol use, compared with children with low fat and low sugar propensity (relative risk=2·46; 95 % CI 1·47, 4·12), independent of age, sex and survey country. The association was not explained by parental income and education, strict parenting style or child's health-related quality of life and was only partly mediated by sustained consumption of sugar and fat into adolescence.Frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar in childhood predicted regular use of alcohol in adolescence.
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325.
  • Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Cohort Profile: The INTERGENE Study.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 46:6, s. 1742-1743h
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2001, the INTERGENE research programme established a population-based cohort of 3614 adults living in south-western Sweden. The aim was to assess environmental, lifestyle and hereditary risk factors for cardio-metabolic and respiratory diseases, and to document secular changes in many of these characteristics. Because the focus is on coronary heart disease (CHD), the population cohort was complemented with 618 patients with acute or chronic CHD who were sampled during the examination period for the cohort (2001–04), following the same protocol. More than 800 variables describe lifestyle and socio-demographic characteristics from questionnaires, anthropometric characteristics from physical examinations, and biomarkers from blood sampled during the examination. Additional blood samples and extracted DNA are stored in biobanks. Data from the case-control study of CHD were used to investigate associations between common risk factors (overweight, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour) and different candidate genes with respect to CHD, and explore interactions. In addition, a biomarker for airway inflammation (Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide, FENO) was investigated as a risk factor for respiratory disease, and collaboration was established with international consortia to identify genes related to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. An update of registry information on cohort members from hospitals, general practitioners and pharmacies provides a wide spectrum of incident diagnoses and treatments between 2001 and 2014. A recently completed longitudinal follow-up of the baseline cohort will provide a further measurement point to describe changing cardiovascular risk factors in south-west Sweden. Participation at baseline was 42%, and 61% of these participated at the follow-up.
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326.
  • Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic associations vary across the spectrum of fasting serum insulin: results from the European IDEFICS/I.Family children's cohort.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - 1432-0428. ; 66:10, s. 1914-24
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is increasing evidence for the existence of shared genetic predictors of metabolic traits and neurodegenerative disease. We previously observed a U-shaped association between fasting insulin in middle-aged women and dementia up to 34 years later. In the present study, we performed genome-wide association (GWA) analyses for fasting serum insulin in European children with a focus on variants associated with the tails of the insulin distribution.Genotyping was successful in 2825 children aged 2-14 years at the time of insulin measurement. Because insulin levels vary during childhood, GWA analyses were based on age- and sex-specific z scores. Five percentile ranks of z-insulin were selected and modelled using logistic regression, i.e. the 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 85th percentile ranks (P15-P85). Additive genetic models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, survey year, survey country and principal components derived from genetic data to account for ethnic heterogeneity. Quantile regression was used to determine whether associations with variants identified by GWA analyses differed across quantiles of log-insulin.A variant in the SLC28A1 gene (rs2122859) was associated with the 85th percentile rank of the insulin z score (P85, p value=3×10-8). Two variants associated with low z-insulin (P15, p value <5×10-6) were located on the RBFOX1 and SH3RF3 genes. These genes have previously been associated with both metabolic traits and dementia phenotypes. While variants associated with P50 showed stable associations across the insulin spectrum, we found that associations with variants identified through GWA analyses of P15 and P85 varied across quantiles of log-insulin.The above results support the notion of a shared genetic architecture for dementia and metabolic traits. Our approach identified genetic variants that were associated with the tails of the insulin spectrum only. Because traditional heritability estimates assume that genetic effects are constant throughout the phenotype distribution, the new findings may have implications for understanding the discrepancy in heritability estimates from GWA and family studies and for the study of U-shaped biomarker-disease associations.
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327.
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328.
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329.
  • Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Low fasting serum insulin and dementia in nondiabetic women followed for 34 years.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 91:5, s. e427-e435
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a representative population of women followed over 34 years, we investigated the prospective association between fasting serum insulin and dementia, taking into account the incidence of diabetes mellitus.Fasting values for serum insulin and blood glucose were obtained in 1,212 nondiabetic women 38 to 60 years of age at the 1968 baseline. Risk of dementia was assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for insulin, glucose, and other covariates and, in a second model, after censoring for incident cases of diabetes mellitus. Incident diabetes mellitus was considered as a third endpoint for comparison with dementia.Over 34 years, we observed 142 incident cases of dementia. The low tertile of insulin displayed excess risk for dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-3.58) compared to the medium tertile, but the high tertile of insulin did not (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.81-2.03). These associations were also seen for dementia without diabetes comorbidity. In contrast, high but not low insulin predicted incident diabetes mellitus (115 cases) (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.08-2.68 and HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.43-1.37, respectively).A previous study reported a U-shaped association between fasting insulin and dementia in a 5-year follow-up of elderly men. Our results confirmed a nonlinear association in a female population, with high risk at low insulin values that was not attributable to preclinical dementia or impaired insulin secretion. This condition suggests a new pathway to dementia, which differs from the metabolic pathway involving diabetes mellitus.
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330.
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