| 61. |
- Gelzinis, Adas, et al.
(författare)
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Quality function for unsupervised classification and its use in graphic arts
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence. - Japan. ; 3:6, s. 532-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose quality function for an unsupervised neural classification. The function is based on the third order polynomials. The objective of the quality function is to find a place of the input space sparse in data points. By maximising the quality function, we find decision boundary between data clusters instead of centres of the clusters. The shape and place of the decision boundary are rather insensitive to the magnitude of the weight vector established during the maximisation process. A superiority of the proposed quality function over other similar functions as well as conventional clustering algorithms tested has been observed in the experiments. The proposed quality function has been successfully used for colour image segmentation.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Hammarlund, Karl Gunnar
(författare)
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Barnet och barnomsorgen : Bilden av barnet i ett socialpolitiskt projekt
- 1998
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish child-care institutions - day nurseries, kindergartens - did not until the 1930s become a concern of the Government. In 1943 the Swedish Riksdag for the first time passed a bill that gave child-care institutions a Government subsidy. This thesis deals with the Government's and the parliamentary commissions' attitudes to child-care institutions. Which type of institution ought to receive a subsidy? And for what reasons? The main argument for child-care institutions has always been that they could stimulate a sound development, for the child's own good and for society's. From the 1930s and into the 1950s most participants in the child-care debate stated that the kindergarten or part-time institutions for the pre-school child from the age of three and upwards was the preferable type. Day nurseries for children, even infants, of families were both parents had to work might be necessary but were to be seen as an emergency solution. From the mid-60s the attitu-de changed. Step by step full-time day nurseries became the institutions that were given priority by the Government. This change in attitude presupposes that the notion of the child changed as well. But it did not change in a vacuum. Borrowing an explanatory model from sociologist Johan Asplund, the thesis treats the child as a "figure of thought", placed between a super-structural discourse on child-care and society's basic, material conditions. Important changes at the level of discourse have been the attitude to modern, industrial society, e.g. the necessity of learning to live and work in a society which is complex, highly specialized and in constant change, and the debate on women's emancipation. At the level of material conditions, the most conspicious change is that more and more women have entered the labour market. The changing notion of the child can be understood as the effect of an influence from discourse and base on the "figure of thought". At the same time, the "figure of thought" in-fluenced the discourse. Thus, a child-care system for the benefit of child and woman and labour market could be established, and harmony could be created, at least in the discourse.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Hellring, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Robust AFR estimation using the ion current and neural networks
- 1999
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Ingår i: SAE transactions. - New York : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0096-736X. ; 108:03, s. 1585-1589
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A robust air/fuel ratio "soft sensor" is presented based on non-linear signal processing of the ion current signal using neural networks. Care is taken to make the system insensitive to amplitude variations, due to e.g. fuel additives, by suitable preprocessing of the signal. The algorithm estimates the air/fuel ratio to within 1.2% from the correct value, defined by a universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensor, when tested on steady state test-bench data and using the raw ion current signal. Normalizing the ion current increases robustness but also increases the error by a factor of two. The neural network soft sensor is about 20 times better in the case where the ion current is not normalized, compared with a linear model. On normalized ion currents the neural network model is about 4 times better than the corresponding linear model. Copyright © 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
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| 67. |
- Hellring, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Spark advance control using the ion current and neural soft sensors
- 1999
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Ingår i: SAE transactions. - New York : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0096-736X. ; 108:03, s. 1590-1595
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two spark advance control systems are outlined; both based on feedback from nonlinear neural network soft sensors and ion current detection. One uses an estimate on the location of the pressure peak and the other uses an estimate of the location of the center of combustion. Both quantities are estimated from the ion current signal using neural networks. The estimates are correct within roughly two crank angle degrees when evaluated on a cycle to cycle basis, and roughly within one crank angle degree when the quantities are averaged over consecutive cycles.The pressure peak detection based control system is demonstrated on a SAAB 9000 car, equipped with a 2.3 liter low-pressure turbo charged engine, during normal highway driving. © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
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| 68. |
- Hertz, Erik, 1956-
(författare)
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A Device for Conversion of a Binary Floating-Point Number into a Binary 2-Logarithm or the Opposite
- 1995
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The present invention concerns a device for conversion of a binary floating-point number into a binary fix-point 2-logarithm number or the opposite. This is done in the case of conversion of a binary floating-point number by making the invention include an input register where the floating-point number is stored, an output register for the calculated logarithm, a device that transfers the exponent of the floating-point number from the input register to the output register, where it directly forms the characteristic of the logarithm, a device that transfers the fractional part of the mantissa of the floating-point number from the input register to an adder and also to one or more part circuits that forms additional parts, a device that transfers the additional parts to the adder, said adder that adds the fractional part of the mantissa of the floating-point number and said additional parts and a device that transfers the sum from the adder to the output register where it forms the fractional part of 2-logarithm. Further, the part circuit or part circuits is arranged to be able to use different scale factors in different computing intervals. The conversion from a logarithm is carried out in a similar manner and with the same components.
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| 69. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Elderly persons' social network and need for social support after their first myocardial infarction
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 11:1, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social network and social support are phenomena suggested to be of importance to successful recovery from myocardial infarction. However, Very few studies have been carried out, especially among the elderly, focusing on their social network and its ability to provide adequate support after myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to examine elderly persons' social network and need for social support three months after their first myocardial infarction. The sample consisted of 128 persons between 65 and 94 years of age who answered a questionnaire. The results showed that the subjects, even the oldest ones, had an available social network and that they were satisfied with the support it provided. There was an increased need for social support after the myocardial infarction, especially for emotional support and appraisal, but also for instrumental aid and information. Despite these positive results indicating that elderly persons with myocardial infarction have a social network, whose members provide them with support, there may be a need for support also from persons outside this network. Assessment of social network characteristics and the need for social support as well as the provision of adequate information about additional support networks are important tasks for all health professionals.
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| 70. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Social network and experiences of social support among women 12 months after their first myocardial infarction
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rehabilitation and Health. - New York, NY : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 1068-9591 .- 1573-1537. ; 3:2, s. 131-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies exist concerning the situation of women after a myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this longitudinal study was to map out women’s social network and social support 12 months after a first MI. A sample of 200 consecutively chosen female patients below 70 years of age (ranges 35-70 years) answered a similar questionnaire on different occasions: before hospital discharge and at 3 and 12 months after the MI event. We analyzed the data with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 90% of the women had network members available who provided them with support. The strongest bonds existed between patient and close relatives, such as children, parents, or siblings, and then with spouse and intimate friends, in that order. The bonds between patients and health care professionals were not strong at the time of the MI, but subjects reported a significant increase (p < .0007) during the following 12 months. The need for material support was highest directly after the MI and for informational support 3 months later, and after 12 months the need for belonging dominated. More than half of the women had participated in secondary prevention programs. Further research is necessary to be able to understand enabling and limiting aspects of social support in connection with recovery from MI. © 1997 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.
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