| 41. |
- Contu, Alessia, et al.
(författare)
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Against learning
- 2003
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Ingår i: Human Relations. - London : Sage Publications. - 0018-7267 .- 1741-282X. ; 56:8, s. 931-952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a critique of the broad ensemble which we identify as 'learning discourse' and its pervasive ideological content which determines learning as a 'good thing for all.' We consider how the signifier 'learning' works as a nodal point which consists (legitimizes and sustains), yet glosses over, antagonistic and contradictory organizational and social practices. With our critique we endeavour to go beyond a simple rebuke or rebuttal. We, rather, point out the problematic nature of the truths engendered in 'making the social' and constituting the promise of a learning society whose ambit encompasses learning in general, the learning organization and the political economy of the 'knowledge economy.' By doing so we expose the political character of the learning discourse which, we argue, works as the surface of intelligibility pro-posing the reality of work, self-hood, citizenship and society. We antagonize its 'no alternative' trope by questioning the equivalence it creates between social inclusion, competitiveness, employability, empowerment and personal development. Our critique makes explicit how it is possible and why it is important, to be 'against learning.'
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Dahlin, Clas
(författare)
-
Surface charge densities and membrane fluidities in thylakoids with different degrees of thylakoid appression after Norflurazon treatment
- 2003
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Ingår i: Photosynthetica (Praha). - : Springer-Verlag. - 0300-3604 .- 1573-9058. ; 41:4, s. 635-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) develop plastids (etioplasts and chloroplasts) which exhibit alterations in inner membrane organisation after treatment with Norflurazon (NF), an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis. In dark-grown plants, results in a decreased amount of partitions (contact zones) between prothylakoids. In weak red light, the results in plants containing chloroplasts devoid of grana. Assays have been performed to investigate the membrane surface charge density in these membranes, and relate possible differences to the absence of (pro-)thylakoid overlap after NF teatment. Using the fluorescent probe 9- amino acridine (9-AA), the average surface charge density of isolated PTs was -21.8±3.2 mC m-2 and - 27.4±2.6 mC m-2 in the control and after, respectively. Thylakoid membranes isolated from plants grown in weak red light exhibited slightly more negative values, -23.5±2.9 mC m-2 and -29.0±2.1 mC m-2, in control and after, respectively. The surface charge density of destacked thylakoids from greenhouse-grown untreated plants, containing extensive grana stacking, was -34.3±2.5 mC m-2. Assays using the fluorescent probe of DPH (1,6- diphenyl- 1,3,5- hexatriene) showed that this probe exhibits a higher polarisation value when incorporated into thylakoids from NF- treated plants compared to untreated plants grown in weak red light. The highest polarisation value was found in untreated plants grown in the greenhouse. This indicates a lower rotation transition of the probe in the lipid environment of thylakoids after NF treatment, which can be interpreted as more rigid membranes. These results suggest that the surface charge density and the mobility of membrane components may play a major role for the formation of partitions in dark-grown plants and in the formation of grana in plants grown in weak red light. 23 Additional key words: chloroplasts; etioplasts; (pro-)thylakoids; Triticum; stacking; wheat; 9- amino acridine.
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| 44. |
- Degerstedt, Lars, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary Development of Phase-Based Dialogue Systems
- 2003
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Ingår i: Eighth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1586033905 - 9781586033903 - 4274906299 - 9784274906299 ; , s. 59-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We put forward initial results on lightweight phase-based control for dialogue systems as a test case of evolutionary development of such systems. A new design pattern for generalized phase-based processing is presented. A phase-based view of top-level control for dialogue systems is suggested in terms of the new pattern. The work verifies the generality of a previously reported development method for dialogue system, w.r.t. the choice of implementation frameworks.
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| 45. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational Value among Individuals with Long-Term Mental Illness
- 2003
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Revue Canadienne d`Ergotèrapie. - Ottawa : Sage Publications. - 0008-4174. ; 70:5, s. 276-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The study compared the perceived value of occupation among a sample of individuals with long-term mental illness to a sample of people not diagnosed with mental illness. As well, it investigated whether diagnostic and demographic factors were related to perceived occupational value among the individuals with mental illness. Finally, the study examined the relationship between occupational value and ratings of health and well-being. Method. One hundred and three individuals with mental illness and 28 healthy individuals were recruited for the study. Results. Overall occupational value among the individuals diagnosed with mental illness differed only marginally from the healthy group, indicating that perceived occupational value was by and large not related to mental illness. Among the individuals with mental illness, having children living at home was related to occupational value. There were moderate to strong associations between occupational value and measures of health and well-being. Practice Implications. This study provides important insights into occupational value among individuals with persistent mental health problems and provides some preliminary evidence in support of the Value, Meaning and Occupation Model. © CAOT PUBLICATIONS ACE
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| 46. |
- Eriksson, Peder, et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal changes and spatial variation of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification rates in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy
- 2003
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Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 58:4, s. 861-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen.
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| 47. |
- Erlandsson, Lena-Karin, 1963-
(författare)
-
101 Women's patterns of daily occupations : Characteristics and realtionships to health and well-being
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigated the concept of balance in daily occupations. The overarching aim was to explore women’s patterns of everyday occupations and to investigate relationships between different aspects of patterns of daily occupations and health and well-being. The participants were working, cohabitant women with pre-school children. The methods used focused on exploring patterns of daily occupations and assessing sociodemographic aspects, self-rated health, and well-being. The results imply methodological development for documenting patterns of daily occupations, measuring occupation-related experiences associated with daily occupations, and categorising patterns of daily occupations according to complexity. This thesis identified the building blocks of patterns of daily occupations as main, hidden and unexpected occupations. Women’s hassling experiences associated with daily occupations were generated mainly by the social environment and their uplifting experiences resulted primarily from performing occupations. Moreover, typical patterns of daily occupations with respect to complexity were identified, and relationships of complexity in patterns of daily occupations to health and well-being were investigated. The result indicated that more hassles in combination with low control and high complexity in pattern of daily occupations mean an increased risk of experiencing low health and well-being. The findings contribute to the knowledge base of occupational science by further illuminating the concept of pattern of daily occupations: its constituents and its complexity. The results contribute to research on women’s total workload in relation to a sense of well-being and give implications for occupational therapy intervention for people who have taken ill due to imbalance in their pattern of daily occupations.
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| 48. |
- Erlandsson, Lena-Karin, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
Women's experiences of hassles and uplifts in their everyday patterns of occupations
- 2003
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 10:2, s. 95-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate experiences of hassles and uplifts among women. One hundred working mothers were interviewed using the Target Complaints instrument. Content analysis, resulting in both qualitative categories and quantitative variables, was used. Working mothers' hassles were mainly generated by their social, temporal and doing contexts and illustrate the importance of considering women's total patterns of everyday occupations and not focusing one-sidedly on the work situation when treating occupation-related ill-health. Women's uplifts were experienced through the social context and by doing such different occupations as going to the movies, cleaning the house, or attending a class. This indicates the appropriateness of using a client-centred approach in interventions with openness to the client's unique situation. Unexpected occupations were identified almost exclusively among the hassles. This is important knowledge for occupational therapists since women will continue to be dual workers and at potential risk of developing unbalanced and detrimental patterns of occupations, in turn causing ill health. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
- Fjæstad, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Svenskarna och gentekniken : Rapport från 2002 års Eurobarometer om bioteknik
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resultaten från Eurobarometern visar att svenskarna är relativt kunniga och teknikoptimistiska om man jämför med övriga Europa. Svenskarna är mer positiva till röd genteknik (medicinska tillämpningar och gendiagnostik) än till grön (lantbruks- och matorienterad) genteknik. Generellt sätt är attityderna något mer positiva år 2002 än 1999. Båda åren har svenskarna mer positiva attityder till både genteknik och bioteknik än EU i genomsnitt. Genmodifierade livsmedel är dock en tillämpning av genteknik som svenskarna är klart negativa till. Mindre än hälften av intervjupersonerna skulle köpa eller äta genförändrade livsmedel, och för flera situationer ligger andelen så lågt som under en fjärdedel. Det som i högst grad lockar är miljörelaterade situationer. Jämfört med genmodifierad mat är intervjupersonerna betydligt mer positiva till terapeutisk kloning av stamceller. Svenskarna är även här mer positivt inställda än övriga EU-medborgare. När det gäller genetisk integritet – bl a vad gäller Försäkringskassans möjlighet att få tillgång till människors genetiska information – är svenskarna tvärtom mest skeptiska i Europa. Om en genteknisk tillämpning bedöms som riskfylld eller inte spelar så gott som ingen roll för vilken bedömning man som individ gör vad gäller om tillämpningen ska uppmuntras eller inte. Det är i stället nyttan och den moraliska acceptansen som avgör – men en viktig förändring är att nytta, som år 1999 var hälften så betydelsefull som moralisk halt, år 2002 har samma förklaringskraft som moral. Detta får ses som ett tecken på att den existentiella nimbusen kring genteknik är på väg att avta. Resultaten från medieanalysen bekräftar att gentekniken blivit en nyhet som andra nyheter. Den är varken lika kontroversiell eller mystisk som tidigare. Under början av 1990-talet fokuserar bevakningen på medicinska tillämpningar. Mot slutet av decenniet är det genmodifierad mat och det klonade fåret Dolly som dominerar bevakningen, något som leder till att mängden kritiska och kontroversiella artiklar ökar. Under de tre första åren av 2000-talet skiftar fokus igen, och den här gången är det stamcellsforskningen som är i fokus. Intresset för ekonomiska aspekter av gentekniken ökar samtidigt vilket, tillsammans med de höga förväntningarna på stamcellsforskningen, leder till en betydligt mer positiv och neutral bevakning.
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| 50. |
- Fleischer, Siegfried
(författare)
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CO2 Deficit in Temperate Forest Soils Receiving High Atmospheric N-Deposition
- 2003
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Ingår i: Ambio. - Stockholm : The Royal Swedish Academy of Science. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 32:1, s. 2-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence is provided for an internal CO2 sink in forest soils, that may have a potential impact on the global CO2-budget. Lowered CO2 fraction in the soil atmosphere, and thus lowered CO2 release to the aboveground atmosphere, is indicated in high N-deposition areas. Also at forest edges, especially of spruce forest, where additional N-deposition has occurred, the soil CO2 is lowered, and the gradient increases into the closed forest. Over the last three decades the capacity of the forest soil to maintain the internal sink process has been limited to a cumulative supply of approximately 1000 and 1500 kg N ha−1. Beyond this limit the internal soil CO2 sink becomes an additional CO2 source, together with nitrogen leaching. This stage of “nitrogen saturation” is still uncommon in closed forests in southern Scandinavia, however, it occurs in exposed forest edges which receive high atmospheric N-deposition. The soil CO2 gradient, which originally increases from the edge towards the closed forest, becomes reversed.
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