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| 33. |
- Aasa, M., et al.
(författare)
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Temporal changes in TIMI myocardial perfusion grade in relation to epicardial flow, ST-resolution and left ventricular function after primary percutaneous coronary intervention
- 2007
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Ingår i: Coron Artery Dis. - 0954-6928. ; 18:7, s. 513-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion at the end of reperfusion therapy assessed angiographically with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) has been associated with recovery of left ventricular (LV) function and survival. The aim of this analysis was to study the evolution of TMPG within the first week following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and its association with ECG-derived ST-segment resolution (STRES) and recovery of LV function. METHODS: A total of 76 patients with acute myocardial infarction were pretreated with enoxaparine and abciximab and subjected to primary PCI within a prospective study and evaluated with TMPG assessed on coronary angiography at the end of the procedure and after 5-7 days. STRES was evaluated at 120 min post inclusion and global LV function was assessed by echocardiography after 30 days. RESULTS: Reperfusion (TIMI flow 2-3) was reached in all patients. Forty one percent had 'open myocardium' (i.e. TMPG 2 or 3) after PCI, a number that increased to 61% after 5-7 days (P=0.003). STRES >50% was reached in 73% of the patients and there was a good correlation between TMPG and STRES. Furthermore, those who improved from 'closed' to 'open myocardium' had higher STRES (and similar to those with 'open myocardium' already post-PCI) than those who had 'closed myocardium' at both occasions (80 vs. 52%, P=0.012). CONCLUSION: A significant increase was found in the number of patients with 'open myocardium' within the first week post-primary PCI and STRES seems to predict this improvement.
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| 36. |
- Aase, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Angiomotin regulates endothelial cell migration during embryonic angiogenesis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Genes & Development. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 0890-9369 .- 1549-5477. ; 21:16, s. 2055-2068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of the embryonic vascular system into a highly ordered network requires precise control over the migration and branching of endothelial cells (ECs). We have previously identified angiomotin (Amot) as a receptor for the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin. Furthermore, DNA vaccination targeting Amot inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, little is known regarding the role of Amot in physiological angiogenesis. We therefore investigated the role of Amot in embryonic neovascularization during zebrafish and mouse embryogenesis. Here we report that knockdown of Amot in zebrafish reduced the number of filopodia of endothelial tip cells and severely impaired the migration of intersegmental vessels. We further show that 75% of Amot knockout mice die between embryonic day 11 (E11) and E11.5 and exhibit severe vascular insufficiency in the intersomitic region as well as dilated vessels in the brain. Furthermore, using ECs differentiated from embryonic stem (ES) cells, we demonstrate that Amot-deficient cells have intact response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in regard to differentiation and proliferation. However, the chemotactic response to VEGF was abolished in Amot-deficient cells. We provide evidence that Amot is important for endothelial polarization during migration and that Amot controls Rac1 activity in endothelial and epithelial cells. Our data demonstrate a critical role for Amot during vascular patterning and endothelial polarization.
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| 37. |
- Abate, Michele, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenesis of tendinopathies: inflammation or degeneration?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Arthritis research & therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1478-6354. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intrinsic pathogenetic mechanisms of tendinopathies are largely unknown and whether inflammation or degeneration has the prominent role is still a matter of debate. Assuming that there is a continuum from physiology to pathology, overuse may be considered as the initial disease factor; in this context, microruptures of tendon fibers occur and several molecules are expressed, some of which promote the healing process, while others, including inflammatory cytokines, act as disease mediators. Neural in-growth that accompanies the neovessels explains the occurrence of pain and triggers neurogenic-mediated inflammation. It is conceivable that inflammation and degeneration are not mutually exclusive, but work together in the pathogenesis of tendinopathies.
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| 38. |
- Abbadessa, G, et al.
(författare)
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Unsung hero Robert C. Gallo
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 323:5911, s. 206-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 39. |
- Abbo, Catherine
(författare)
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Profiles and outcome of traditional healing practices for severe mental illnesses in two districts of Eastern Uganda
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The WHO estimates that more than 80% of African populations attend traditional healers for health reasons. However, little is known about the profiles and outcome of this traditional approach to treatment of mental illnesses. Main Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the profiles and outcome of traditional healing practices for severe mental illnesses in Jinja and Iganga districts in the Busoga region of Eastern Uganda. Methods: Four studies were conducted (I-IV). Study I used Focus Group Discussions with Case Vignettes with local community members and traditional healers to explore the lay concepts of psychosis. Studies II and III concerned a cross-sectional survey of patients above 18 years at the traditional healer s shrines and study IV was made on a prospective cohort of patients diagnosed with psychosis in study III. Manual content analysis was used in study I; quantitative data in studies II, III and IV were analyzed at Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate levels to determine the association between psychological distress and socio-demographic factors; for study IV, factors associated with outcome were analyzed. One-way ANOVA for independent samples was the analysis used in Study IV. Results: The participants differentiated schizophrenia (eddalu, ilalu) from mania (kazoole) and psychotic depression (described as illness from too much thinking), describing the symptomatology and natural course. Clan/family/cultural issues were mentioned as causing schizophrenia and psychotic depression, while physical causes and a failed relationship with God were mentioned for mania. Other causes were witchcraft, genetics and substance misuse. Choice of care depended on what was believed to be the cause of the psychotic symptoms (I).The prevalence of psychological distress was 65.1%. Significant associated factors were having a co-wife, more than four children; debts and lack of food. The distressed group was more likely to need explanations for ill health. Those who visited both the healer and a health unit were less likely to be distressed (II). Of the 387 respondents, 60.2% had diagnosable current mental illness and 16.3% had had one disorder in their lifetime. Of those with diagnosable current mental illnesses, 29.7% had psychosis; 5.4% a major depressive episode; 5.6% anxiety disorders; 3.6% mixed anxiety-depression; and 3.9% suicidality. Symptoms were severe in 37.7%, moderate in 35.1%, and mild in 13.2%. Patients with moderate to severe symptoms were more likely to use both biomedical services and traditional healers (III). All the symptom scales showed a percentage reduction of more than 20% at the three- and six-month follow-ups. The differences between the mean scores of the scales were all significant (P<0.0001). The Turkey HSD test was also consistently significant at P<0.01 except for psychotic depression. Over 80% of the participants used biomedical services for the same symptoms in the study period. Patients who combined treatment were less likely to be cases at the three-month follow-up (P=0.002; OR 0.26[0.15-0.58]), but more likely at the six-month follow-up (P=0.020; OR 2.05 [1.10-3.18]). Being in debt was associated with caseness at both three and six months. Conclusion: The community gave indigenous names to psychoses (Mania, Schizophrenia and Psychotic depression) and had multiple explanatory models for them. Thus multiple solutions for these problems are sought (I). Traditional healers shoulder a large burden of care of patients with mental health problems (II and III). An overwhelming majority of Ugandans with psychosis use both biomedical and traditional healing systems. The combined use of these two systems seems to confer some benefits (IV). Implications: For policy makers, for mental health professionals, for traditional healers, for researchers indeed for all those who share the goal of improving the mental health of individuals there can be no alternative to engaging with traditional healers.
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| 40. |
- Abbo, Catherine, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological distress and associated factors among the attendees of traditional healing practices in Jinja and Iganga districts, Eastern Uganda : a cross-sectional study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-4458. ; 2:1, s. 16-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological distress and associated factors among the attendees of traditional healing practices in Jinja and Iganga districts, Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.Abbo C, Ekblad S, Waako P, Okello E, Muhwezi W, Musisi S.Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Stockholm, Sweden. cathya180@gmail.com.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are a major public health concern worldwide. Evidence shows that African communities, including Uganda, use both modern and traditional healing systems. There is limited literature about the magnitude of psychological distress and associated factors among attendees of traditional healing practices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among attendees of traditional healing practices in two districts in Uganda. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews with the Lusoga version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) were carried out with 400 patients over the age of 18 years attending traditional healing in Iganga and Jinja districts in Eastern Uganda. Patients were recruited consecutively in all the traditional healers' shrines that could be visited in the area. Persons with 6 or more positive responses to the SRQ were identified as having psychological distress. Prevalence was estimated and odds ratios of having psychological distress were obtained with multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 387 questionnaire responses were analyzed. The prevalence of psychological distress in connection with attendance at the traditional healers' shrines was 65.1%. Having a co-wife and having more than four children were significantly associated with psyclogical distress. Among the socioeconomic indicators, lack of food and having debts were significantly associated with psychological distress. The distressed group was more likely to need explanations for ill health. Those who visited both the healer and a health unit were less likely to be distressed. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that a substantial proportion of attendees of traditional healing practices suffer from psychological distress. Associated factors include poverty, number of children, polygamy, reason for visiting the healer and use of both traditional healing and biomedical health units. These findings may be useful for policy makers and biomedical health workers for the engagement with traditional healers.
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