| 70011. |
- Nord, Anette, et al.
(author)
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Increased survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when off duty medically educated personnel perform CPR compared with laymen.
- 2017
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In: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 120, s. 88-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been proved to save lives; however, whether survival is affected by the training level of the bystander is not fully described.AIM: To describe if the training level of laymen and medically educated bystanders affect 30-day survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA).METHODS: This observational study included all witnessed and treated cases of bystander CPR reported to the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation between 2010 and 2014. Bystander CPR was divided into two categories: (a) lay-byCPR (non-medically educated) and (b) med-byCPR (off duty medically educated personnel).RESULTS: During 2010-2014, 24,643 patients were reported to the OHCA registry, of which 6850 received lay-byCPR and 1444 med-byCPR; 16,349 crew-witnessed and non-witnessed cases and those with missing information were excluded from the analysis. The median interval from collapse to call for emergency medical services was 2min in both groups (p=0.97) and 2min from collapse to start of CPR for lay-byCPR versus 1min for med-byCPR (p<0.0001). There were no significant differences in CPR methods used; 64.3% (lay-byCPR) and 65.7% (med-byCPR) applied compressions and ventilation, respectively (p=0.33). The 30-day survival was 14.7% for lay-byCPR and 17.2% for the med-byCPR group (p=0.02). The odds ratio adjusted for potential confounders regarding survival (med-byCPR versus lay-byCPR) was 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.62; p=0.002).CONCLUSIONS: In cases of OHCA, medically educated bystanders initiated CPR earlier and an increased 30-day survival was found compared with laymen bystanders. These results support the need to improve the education programme for laypeople.
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| 70012. |
- Nord, Anette, et al.
(author)
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The effect of a national web course "Help-Brain-Heart" as a supplemental learning tool before CPR training: : a cluster randomised trial.
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 25:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) learning methods is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate whether a web course before CPR training, teaching the importance of recognition of symptoms of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and a healthy lifestyle, could influence not only theoretical knowledge but also practical CPR skills or willingness to act in a cardiac arrest situation.METHODS: Classes with 13-year-old students were randomised to CPR training only (control) or a web course plus CPR training (intervention). Data were collected (practical test and a questionnaire) directly after training and at 6 months. CPR skills were evaluated using a modified Cardiff test (12-48 points). Knowledge on stroke symptoms (0-7 points), AMI symptoms (0-9 points) and lifestyle factors (0-6 points), and willingness to act were assessed by the questionnaire. The primary endpoint was CPR skills at 6 months. CPR skills directly after training, willingness to act and theoretical knowledge were secondary endpoints. Training and measurements were performed from December 2013 to October 2014.RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-two students were included in the analysis of practical skills and self-reported confidence. The mean score for CPR skills was 34 points after training (control, standard deviation [SD] 4.4; intervention, SD 4.0; not significant [NS]); and 32 points at 6 months for controls (SD 3.9) and 33 points for intervention (SD 4.2; NS). At 6 months, 73% (control) versus 80% (intervention; P = 0.05) stated they would do compressions and ventilation if a friend had a cardiac arrest, whereas 31% versus 34% (NS) would perform both if the victim was a stranger. One thousand, two hundred and thirty-two students were included in the analysis of theoretical knowledge; the mean scores at 6 months for the control and intervention groups were 2.8 (SD 1.6) and 3.2 (SD 1.4) points (P < 0.001) for stroke symptoms, 2.6 (SD 2.0) and 2.9 (SD 1.9) points (P = 0.008) for AMI symptoms and 3.2 (SD 1.2) and 3.4 (SD 1.0) points (P < 0.001) for lifestyle factors, respectively.DISCUSSION: Use of online learning platforms is a fast growing technology that increases the flexibility of learning in terms of location, time and is available before and after practical training.CONCLUSIONS: A web course before CPR training did not influence practical CPR skills or willingness to act, but improved the students' theoretical knowledge of AMI, stroke and lifestyle factors.
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| 70013. |
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| 70014. |
- Nord, Catharina, 1956-
(author)
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A Comparison of Animal Assisted Therapy and Animal Assisted Activities with Dogs in Swedish Residential Care.
- 2010
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This Poster Aims at Comparing Goal-Oriented Rehabilitation Work with Dogs to Activities with Dogs Performed without Explicit Therapeutic Goals. It is a Qualitative Research Project Based on Interviews with and Observations of Staff as well as Older People. The Results Presented Comes from an Evaluation of Two Assisted Living Facilities in which Animal Assisted Therapy had been used for Three Years. This Programme (AAT) was Carried out with Trained Dogs on the Basis of Referrals Made by Occupational Therapists, Nurses, Medical Doctors and Physiotherapists. This Rehabilitative Work was Compared to Assisted Living Facilities where Dogs were Used for Socialising Purposes primarily (AAA). Preliminary Results Show that the two Ways of Using Dogs were very Different in Certain Respects, primarily as to their Therapeutic Ambitions, while they also somehow Overlapped. The Variety of AAA was Great. Ownership and Keeping of the Dog Varied. The Presence of Goals also Varied. The Use of the Dog often had a more or less Explicit Aim to Increase Well-being and Social Skills among the Residents. Older people who Encountered the Trained Dog in the AAT Programme never Realized that they were actually Participating in a Rehabilitation Programme. They thought that the Purpose was Amusement alone. This was one of the Main Kernels of the Programme. The Idea was that the Older Person would Participate more Voluntarily because they Enjoyed it. Preliminary Conclusions are that the Range of Exercises with Dogs Has Great Potential and that AAT and AAA can be Mixed in new Fruitfull Combinations.
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| 70015. |
- Nord, Catharina, 1956-
(author)
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A day to be lived. Elderly peoples' possessions for everyday life in assisted living
- 2013
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In: Journal of Aging Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0890-4065 .- 1879-193X. ; 27:2, s. 135-142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is a qualitative interview study about the household possessions that elderly women and men brought with them when moving into assisted living. The move implied a substantial reduction of their possessions since, in all cases, they had left a larger dwelling than the one they moved to. The study gives a glimpse into the everyday life of the oldest old in assisted living. The things the elderly participants brought were of three types; cherished objects, representations of who they were, and mundane objects. The most important objects indicated by the elderly often belonged to the third type, and were preferred for the significance they had for the everyday life of the individual. These objects revealed a circumscribed but dignified life in their private bed-sitting room, often in solitude, where the elderly individuals pursued various interests and small-scale activities. However, this life was organized and preferred by the individuals themselves, in accordance with the principles of resident autonomy and individual choice that are promoted in assisted living. The author suggests that these self-engaged pursuits can contribute to bridging the gap between disengagement and activity theories. The study results also contribute to making visible the private life of the oldest old in assisted living.
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| 70016. |
- Nord, Catharina, 1956-
(author)
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Actor-Network Theory – a new theoretical approach in assisted living architectural research
- 2012
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The architecture of assisted living facilities is to a large extent repetitive design models that exhibit strong familiarity with the models of the past. This lack of architectural innovation is a hinder to the development of the care model as well. Care in assisted living still have a significant focus on the group, while individual wishes and needs are not catered for to the same extent. This presentation offers a discussion of a new research perspective aimed to explore the impact of the architectural component on care practices and organization. It suggests a theoretical approach in which architectural elements as well as artifacts are given agency. This perspective is expected to reveal the hidden but often substantial impact on everyday life and work of architectural space. Actor-network theory (ANT) includes physical components together with human beings (and a number of immaterial components) in the networks that compose any organization or activity. Applied to assisted living facilities and their activities, two major problems are discernible: Physical artifacts, such as walls forming spaces, give duration to networks to the extent that they may seem self-evident. Since our (human beings) perspective is naturally the human perspective, artifacts’ impact then appears as everydayness embedded in environments we live in and also render difficult the researcher’s analysis of the architectural component. ANT offers a way out of this dilemma by furnishing performative properties to architectural elements. A point of departure is that architecture does things to human beings and organizations. This presentation discusses on the basis of data from the author’s research on assisted living facility architecture how architecture impacts on the care organization and on the care practices from an ANT perspective. Everyday care situations exemplify the short-comings of current assisted living design models. This includes an analysis of design model qualities which also shows their persistence over time. The presentation concludes by suggesting a research agenda in which ANT is an analysis tool offering a way to understand assisted living as a physical artifact and networks in various scales.
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| 70017. |
- Nord, Catharina, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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An exploration of communication between clients and professionals in the design of home adaptations.
- 2009
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In: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : British Association of Occupational Therpists. - 0308-0226 .- 1477-6006. ; 72:5, s. 197-204
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explored communications between the people involved in the design of home adaptations, including clients and carers, occupational therapists, surveyors and builders. The aims were to explore (i) what constituted good communication in this context and (ii) how communication occurred. One London borough was selected as a case study. All participants lived or worked within the borough and had been involved in the adaptation process. Nineteen individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with six clients, four occupational therapists, six grant surveyors and three builders. The findings suggest that the professionals constituted a 'community of practice' (Wenger 1998) within which communication was good. The professionals used plan drawings to support communication between them. However, the study found that client involvement in the design was limited and that plan drawings were not effective tools in communication with them. The clients relied on the occupational therapist to represent their interests in the design process. Occupational therapists' communication with clients on the design of adaptations may be enhanced by the development and use of more sophisticated visualisation tools to replace the plan drawings. This would enable clients to become more engaged in the adaptations process.
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| 70018. |
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| 70019. |
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| 70020. |
- Nord, Catharina, 1956-
(author)
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Architectural Design for Care of the Most Frail and Old in Assisted Living in Sweden.
- 2010
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This is a presentation of an 18 months ethnographic research project in an assisted living facility in Sweden. Results showed that the residents’ private bedrooms have increased in importance since the residents stay daily 15 hours or more in these rooms due to frailty and long-term conditions. Swedish laws state that care to older people should be individualized. It is desirable that care to some extent is located in the persons’ private bedrooms in order to be adapted to the frail individual’s needs and abilities. Assisted living in Sweden is legally on par with ordinary housing. From this follows that care should contribute to a full life of the individual. Private bedrooms in assisted living in Sweden are often small and dull. This presentation aims to discuss what architectural qualities the private bedroom should preferably have in order to make possible a meaningful day for the most frail and old people.
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