| 71961. |
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| 71962. |
- Olausson, Inger
(författare)
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Trädgårdsmästaren i skärgården
- 2011
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Ingår i: Företagsminnen. - : Centrum för näringslivshistoria. - 1101-7473. ; :4, s. 21-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Erik Nilsson inledde sin yrkesbana som handelsträdgårdsmästare på Runmarö i Stockholms skärgård vid 14 års ålder och upphörde att odla först när synen försämrades i åttioårsåldern. Arealen omfattade knappt ett halvt hektar – med som mest tre växthus och hundra drivbänkar. Blommor, grönsaker, rotfrukter och bär fraktades med båt till torget i Sandhamn.
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| 71963. |
- Olausson, Jan, 1971-
(författare)
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Att modellera uppdrag : grunder för förståelse av processinriktade informationssystem i transaktionsintensiva verksamheter
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett informationssystem skall stödja den verksamhet som det är en del av. Vid systemutveckling finns det behov av att göra en verksamhetsanalys för att utveckla kunskap om den nuvarande verksamheten. Teorier och modeller är viktiga redskap för att fånga väsentliga aspekter vid en verksamhetsanalys. Detta arbete syftar till att visa på hur uppdrag, som en väsentlig aspekt, kan modelleras. I en verksamhet utför aktörer handlingar. Relationer mellan aktörer etableras genom uppdrag. Det gäller rolluppdrag mellan -chef- och annan aktör, produktuppdrag mellan aktörer i organisationer såväl som produktuppdrag mellan organisationen och dess kunder.Arbetet har sin utgångspunkt i två aktionsforskningsfall, ett postorderföretag och ett ehandelsföretag, där processkartläggningar har genomförts. De verksamheter som är kartlagda är att betrakta som transaktionsintensiva, det vill säga verksamheter som hanterar många order och som har låg marginal per order. Det gör att en sådan typ av verksamhet är komplex, och beroende av IT-system. Komplexiteten har ställt krav på att skapa modeller på olika generaliseringsnivåer (praktik, process och handling). En verksamhet kan ses som en praktik bestående av processer som i sin tur byggs upp av handlingar. Arbetet har resulterat i en teori om att tänka i uppdrag, samt hur uppdrag kan beskrivas i olika modeller för att skapa en kongruens mellan teori och modell.En slutsats från arbetet är att det krävs en växelverkan, mellan såväl teorier och metoder som olika generaliseringsnivåer vid modellering av verksamheter. En fokusering på uppdrag tydliggör de olika förväntningar som olika aktörer har. Det skapar även förutsättning för att utveckla verksamhet och informationssystem som infriar dessa förväntningar.
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| 71964. |
- Olausson, Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of a high affinity binding site in recombinantAleuria aurantia lectin
- 2008
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Ingår i: Glycoconjugate Journal. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0282-0080 .- 1573-4986. ; 25:8, s. 753-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lectins are carbohydrate binding proteins that are involved in many recognition events at molecular and cellular levels. Lectin-oligosaccharide interactions are generally considered to be of weak affinity, however some mushroom lectins have unusually high binding affinity towards oligosaccharides with Kd values in the micromolar range. This would make mushroom lectins ideal candidates to study protein–carbohydrate interactions. In the present study we investigated the properties of a recombinant form of the mushroom lectin Aleuria aurantia (AAL). AAL is a fucose-binding lectin composed of two identical 312-amino acid subunits. Each subunit contains five binding sites for fucose. We found that one of the binding sites in rAAL had unusually high affinities towards fucose and fucosecontaining oligosaccharides with Kd values in the nanomolar range. This site could bind to oligosaccharides with fucose linked α1-2, α1-3 or α1-4, but in contrast to the other binding sites in AAL it could not bind oligosaccharides with α1-6 linked fucose. This binding site is not detected in native AAL (nAAL) one possible explanation may be that this site is blocked with free fucose in nAAL. Recombinant AAL was produced in E. coli as a His-tagged protein, and purified in a one-step procedure. The resulting protein was analyzed by electrophoresis, enzyme-linked lectin assay and circular dichroism spectroscopy, and compared to nAAL. Binding properties were measured using tryptophan fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance. Removal of the His-tag did not alter the binding properties of recombinant AAL in the enzyme-linked lectin assay. Our study forms a basis for understanding the AAL-oligosaccharide interaction and for using molecular techniques to design lectins with novel specificities and high binding affinities towards oligosaccharides.
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| 71965. |
- Olausson, Johan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Production and characterization of a monomeric form and a single-site form of Aleuria aurantia lectin
- 2011
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 21:1, s. 34-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lectins have been widely used in structural and functional studies of complex carbohydrates. Lectins usually bind carbohydrates with relatively low affinity but compensate for this by multivalency. When using lectins in different biological and analytical assays the multivalent nature of lectins can sometimes produce unwanted reactions such as agglutination or precipitation of target glycoproteins. The mushroom lectin Aleuria aurantia binds to fucose-containing oligosaccharides. It is composed of two identical subunits where each subunit contains five binding sites for fucose. In the present study two forms of recombinant AAL were produced using site-directed mutagenesis. A monomeric form of AAL was produced by exchange of Tyr6 to Arg6, and a monovalent fragment of AAL was produced by insertion of a NdeI restriction enzyme cleavage site and a stop codon in the coding sequence. The AAL forms were expressed as His-tagged proteins in E.coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Binding properties of the two AAL forms were performed using hemagglutination assay, surface plasmon resonance and enzyme-linked lectin assay analyses. Both the monomeric AAL form (mAAL) and the monovalent AAL form (S2-AAL) retained their capacity to bind fucosylated oligosaccharides. However, both constructs exhibited properties that differed from the intact recombinant AAL (rAAL). Monomeric AAL showed similar binding affinities to fucosylated oligosaccharides compared to rAAL but had less hemagglutinating capacity. S2-AAL showed a lower binding affinity to fucosylated oligosaccharides and, in contrast to rAAL and mAAL, S2-AAL did not bind to sialylated fuco-oligosaccharides such as sialyl-Lex. The study shows that molecular engineering techniques may be a tool for producing lectins with more defined properties such as decreased valency and defined specificities and affinities. This may be very valuable for development of reliable diagnostic and biological assays for carbohydrate analysis.
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| 71966. |
- Olausson, Johan, 1980-
(författare)
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Studies of recombinant forms of Aleuria aurantia lectin
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presented work describes construction and analysis of recombinantly produced forms of Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL). The binding properties of the produced AAL forms were studied using techniques such as tryptophan fluorescence, hemagglutination analysis, ELISA and surface plasmon resonance analysis.Lectins are proteins that are ubiquitous in nature with the ability to bind specifically to different types of carbohydrates. The physiological function of different lectins is not always known, but they are involved in many recognition events at molecular and cellular levels. In research, lectins are widely used for structural and functional studies of complex carbohydrates, and they are also used to detect changes in the carbohydrate pattern on glycoproteins in different diseases.With the use of recombinant technology it is now possible to refine properties of lectins such as decreasing the valency and alter specificity and affinity. This may be a way of constructing more suitable reagents for use in diagnostic glycosylation analysis assays.AAL has been extensively used in different types of research for its ability to bind the monosaccharide fucose and to fucose-containing oligosaccharides. It is composed of two identical subunits where each subunit contains five binding sites for fucose. AAL was expressed recombinantly (rAAL) and its properties was investigated. These studies reveled that one of the binding sites in rAAL had unusually high affinities towards fucose and fucosecontaining oligosaccharides with Kd-values in the nanomolar range. This binding site is not detected in AAL that have been exposed to fucose during its purification, and therefore we proposed that this site may be blocked with free fucose in commercial preparations of AAL.Normally lectin-oligosaccharide interactions are considered to be of weak affinity, so the finding of a high affinity site was interesting for the future study of recombinant forms of AAL. The next step was to produce recombinant AAL forms with decreased valency. This was done using site-directed mutagenesis. First a monomeric form of AAL (mAAL) was constructed and then a monovalent form of AAL, containing only one fucose-binding site (S2-AAL) was constructed. Both of these forms had retained ability to bind fucose. The binding characteristics of mAAL were similar to that of rAAL, but mAAL showed decreased hemagglutinating activity. S2-AAL showed a lower binding affinity to fucosylated oligosaccharides and did not bind to sialylated fuco-oligosaccharides such as sialyl-LewisX. This study shows that molecular engineering techniques could be important tools for development of reliable and specific diagnostic and biological assays for carbohydrate analysis.
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| 71967. |
- Olausson Jarhall, Jessica
(författare)
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A Look at Changes in Primary Religious Education in Malawi from a Swedish Perspective
- 2001
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When Jessica Olausson visited Malawi in 1996 within the newly created link between the departments of theology and religious studies at the University of Malawi and at Linköpings universitet, she almost by chance got the opportunity to study the ideas behind and the implementation of the Malawian curriculum project on Religious Education in primary education. She got interested in this project, and so did we who shared her material and her thoughts, when she came back to Sweden. And as we continued to reflect, we got troubled about those images of ourselves and our Religious Education which we discerned when we used this project as a mirror.In this book Jessica Olausson describes and analyses the thoughts behind the new Malawian syllabus in Religious Education and the way textbooks and teachers' guides deal with what in Religious Education is thought of as the three religions of Malawi. She also compares what is taught about Malawian Traditional Religion in Religious Education with what is taught about Malawian culture in Social Studies, and she asks how to deal with distinctively Malawian Muslim practices and efforts towards inculturation in Malawian Christian churches within this educational approach.
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| 71968. |
- Olausson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Bit memory instructions for a general CPU
- 2004
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Ingår i: 4th IEEE International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications, 2004.Proceedings.. - 0769521827 ; , s. 215-218
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embedded memories in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) consume most of the chip area. Data variables of different widths require more memory than needed because they are rounded up to nearest power of 2, i.e., 6 to 8 bits, 11 to 16 bits, and 25 to 32 bits. This can be avoided by adding two bit oriented load and store instructions. The memories can still be 8, 16 or 32 bits wide, but the loads and stores can have arbitrary variable sizes. The hardware changes within the processor are small and an extra hardware block between the processor and the memory is added.
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| 71969. |
- Olausson, Mikael, 1973-
(författare)
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Hardware for speech and audio coding
- 2004
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While the Micro Processors (MPUs) as a general purpose CPU are converging (into Intel Pentium), the DSP processors are diverging. In 1995, approximately 50% of the DSP processors on the market were general purpose processors, but last year only 15% were general purpose DSP processors on the market. The reason general purpose DSP processors fall short to the application specific DSP processors is that most users want to achieve highest performance under minimized power consumption and minimized silicon costs. Therefore, a DSP processor must be an Application Specific Instruction set Processor (ASIP) for a group of domain specific applications.An essential feature of the ASIP is its functional acceleration on instruction level, which gives the specific instruction set architecture for a group of applications. Hardware acceleration for digital signal processing in DSP processors is essential to enhance the performance while keeping enough flexibility. In the last 20 years, researchers and DSP semiconductor companies have been working on different kinds of accelerations for digital signal processing. The trade-off between the performance and the flexibility is always an interesting question because all DSP algorithms are "application specific"; the acceleration for audio may not be suitable for the acceleration of baseband signal processing. Even within the same domain, for example speech CODEC (COder/DECoder), the acceleration for communication infrastructure is different from the acceleration for terminals.Benchmarks are good parameters when evaluating a processor or a computing platform, but for domain specific algorithms, such as audio and speech CODEC, they are not enough. The solution here is to profile the algorithm and from the resulting statistics make the decisions. The statistics also suggest where to start optimizing the implementation of the algorithm. The statistics from the profi ling has been used to improve implementations of speech and audio coding algorithms, both in terms of the cycle cost and for memory efficiency, i.e. code and data memory.In this thesis, we focus on designing memory efficient DSP processors based on instruction level acceleration methods and data type optimization techniques. Four major areas have been attacked in order to speed up execution and reduce memory The first one is instruction level acceleration, where consecutive instructions appear frequently and are merged together. By this merge the code memory size is reduced and execution becomes faster. Secondly, complex addressing schemes are solved by acceleration for address calculations, i.e. dedicated hardware are used for address calculations. The third area, data storage and precision, is speeded up by using a reduced floating point scheme. The number of bits is reduced compared to the normal IEEE 754 floating point standard. The result is a lower data memory requirement, yet enough precision for the application; an mp3 decoder. The fourth contribution is a compact way of storing data in a general CPU. By adding two custom instructions, one load and one store, the data memory efficiency can be improved without making the firmware complex. We have tried to make application specific instruction sets and processors and also tried to improve processors based on an available instruction set.Experiences from this thesis can be used for DSP design for audio and speech applications. They can additionally be used as a reference to a general DSP processor design methodology.
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| 71970. |
- Olausson, Mikael, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Instruction and hardware acceleration for MP-MLQ in G.723.1
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, 2002. (SIPS '02).. - 0780375874 ; , s. 235-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a significant improvement in complexity for the higher bit rate, 6.3 kbit/s, speech coding algorithm G.723.1. The solution is to reduce the number of multiplications of the most computing extensive part of the algorithm. This part stands for around 50% of the total complexity. This is done by identifying and excluding multiplication with zeros. G.723.1 is one of the proposed speech coders in the H.323 standard. The work has been done by thoroughly examining the fixed point source code from ITU, International Telecommunication Unions. A hardware structure for an application specific instruction set processor (ASIP) is proposed to increase the performance.
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