| 44661. |
- Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation Model for Optimal Operation of Dokan Dam Reservoir Northern of Iraq
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. - : International Information and Engineering Technology Association (IIETA). - 1755-7437 .- 1755-7445. ; 16:3, s. 301-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the limitation of water renewable resources on one hand and increasing growth in consuming water in different parts such as agriculture, industry, urban, and the environment in other hand, face management of these valuable resources to many challenges. Present study attempts to clarify recent condition of the problem and introduce effective management tools in water supply sector. In order to achieve this purpose, simulating model HEC-Res Sim was used for Dokan Dam to study the operational behavior of the reservoir and to investigate the model capability in representing and simulating the real system. The study based on monthly discharge data for the period from 1986 to 2016 measured at the inlet of Dokan Dam reservoir. The results of the current study were compared and evaluated against those counterparts observed data using two statistical metrics, correlation coefficient and Nash- Sutcliff coefficient efficiency. Moreover, an empirical formula was found linking the amount of inflow to the reservoir with the amount of outflow. The results showed that the HEC-ResSim 3.0 performed well in simulating the monthly discharges. Therefore, HEC-ResSim 3.0 could be used for better water system analysis in this study area.
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| 44662. |
- Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al.
(författare)
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The Evaluation of the SWAT Model Performance to Predict the Runoff Values in the Iraqi Western Desert
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment and Ecology Research. - USA : Horizon Research Publishing Co., Ltd.. - 2331-625X .- 2331-6268. ; 9:6, s. 330-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present research, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the prediction of surface runoff amounts of the catchment of Al-Masad, in the Western Desert of Iraq. The prediction period was from September 2020 to January 2030. The calibration and verification of this model were performed according to the daily surface runoff data that were measured between 2010 and 2014. Statistical parameters were employed to determine the performance of the model. These parameters were RSR (ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency), and PBias (percent Bias), which were calculated as 0.58%, 0.71%, and 13% for calibration and 0.55%, 0.74% and 11% for verification, respectively. The results from the model verification and calibration prove that this model was sufficient in simulating the catchment surface runoff. Furthermore, the SWAT model was applied for the prediction of daily, monthly, and yearly surface runoff value of the catchment from 2021 to 2030. The results obtained from the model showed that the annual surface runoff volume of the catchment, throughout the period of the simulation, was between 0.65 and 8.3 million m3 with an average value of 2.622 million m3.
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| 44663. |
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| 44664. |
- Sulosaari, Virpi, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative review of advanced practice nurse programmes in the Nordic and Baltic countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAdvanced practice nurses (APNs) programs are career-development opportunities significant for nursing workforce retention as well as for the quality of patient care. Inconsistency regarding policy, education, titles, scope of practice, skills and competencies have been identified as major challenges in developing advanced practice nursing in Europe. APN roles and education are under development in the Nordic and Baltic countries. However, there is a lack of information on the current state in this region.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to compare APN programs in the Nordic and Baltic countries to identify their commonalities and differences.Design and methodsThis descriptive comparative study reviewed seven master's level APN programs in six Nordic and Baltic countries. Data was extracted from the programme by the expert teachers or leaders of the programmes (N = 9). Competencies recommended in the European Tuning Project (ETP) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) guidelines on advanced practice nursing, were used to evaluate the programs. The same informants provided additional information on the current state of APN education in the country.ResultsThe admission requirements were similar in the six countries but in two, clinical work experience is an entry requirement. There are two commonly identified APN roles: clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and nurse practitioner (NP). Most of the programs included all the EPT and ICN competencies. The main differences regarded prescribing competencies. All programmes included clinical training, but the methods on how it is implemented varies.ConclusionThe findings indicate that APN programs in the Nordic and Baltic countries correspond with the recommendations of the European Tuning Project and ICN guidelines. This is an important message for administrators, policymakers, and politicians, as well as the nursing community, on providing opportunities for APNs to practice to their full potential within each country as well as cross-country.Tweetable abstract: “APN programmes in the Nordic and Baltic countries correspond with international guide-lines. Special attention is needed in future on the clinical training of APNs”.
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| 44665. |
- Sultana, Zinnia, et al.
(författare)
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An Encoding and Decoding Technique to Compress Huffman Tree Size in an Efficient Manner
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Intelligent Computing & Optimization. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 863-873
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Now a days transfer of gigantic amount of information in an accurate format is a big problem. Storage is needed to store all this information is limited to be calculated before sending data over the internet. The intercommunication path which is also determinate with limited and restricted communication lines. This restriction driven to necessity of data compression. To compress data effectively a most widely popular used compression technique is Huffman. By minimizing the memory space for Huffman tree it will be more feasible. Our paper focused on minimizing the size of Huffman tree for encoding and decoding and also proposed an efficient method for storing Huffman tree. For this purpose we also design an encoding algorithm as well as a decoding algorithm.This method works more efficiently among all present techniques in where total memory needs to represent the tree structure for Huffman tree are 10.75n−3 bits for worst case and in best case it is 9n bits.
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| 44666. |
- Sultana, Zinnia, et al.
(författare)
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An IoT Prototype for Monitoring Covid19 Patients Using Real Time Data from Wearable Sensor Through Android App
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Intelligent Computing & Optimization. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 330-340
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the age of modern technology peoples are still facing a great challenges to manage and monitor the infected patients of COVID-19. Many systems have been implemented to track the location of infected person to reduce the spread of diseases. In today’s world IoT with the health care system plays an important role specially in this COVID situation. In this research an IoT based monitoring system is designed to monitor and measure different signs of COVID-19 using wearable device. It also sends notification to the proper authority by monitoring the activity of infected patient. To determine the condition of patient, sensor data are analyzed which is passed from edge node, as body sensor are connected to IoT cloud via edge node. Three layered architecture is implemented in our proposed design, wearable sensor layer, Peripheral Interface (API) layer and Android web layer. Different layer have different work, at first health symptom is determined by analyzing data from IoT sensor layer. In next layer information is stored in the cloud database to take immediate actions. Finally android application layer is used to send notifications and alerts for the infected patient. To predict the health condition and alarming the situation both API and mobile application communicate with each other. The designed system has simple structure and helps the authority to find the infected person.
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| 44667. |
- Sultana, Zinnia, et al.
(författare)
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Lossy Compression Effect on Color and Texture Based Image Retrieval Performance
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Intelligent Computing & Optimization. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 1159-1167
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image retrieval and compression are rigorous research field to solve the problem of storage and management of digital image. Several digital compression techniques are available for digital compression such as lossy and lossless compression methods. JPEG, an international organization issues an effective digital image compression standard. CBIR system have been proposed to reduce the storage of digital multimedia collections. Content Based Indexing and Retrieval method provides some advantages in compression of digital image. However, lossy compression technique reduce the visual appearance of images and also the values of real pixels have been altered. There is a filtering effect on pictorial qualities due to data loss. This purpose of this research is find an efficient retrieval and compression technique of image based on color and texture. This experiment investigates the compression effects on image retrieval using color and texture features and presents retrieval results of a Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system. By using some performance metrics the system’s output can be evaluated. Each one is evaluated by different measurement. In this experiment only Two performance metric has been used namely F1 measure and Average Normalized Modified Retrieval Rank (ANMRR). Here four visual descriptors are used and measure performance individually. Two of the color feature and other two is texture features. The system is tested with two different image database color and gray images with visual feature vectors.
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| 44668. |
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| 44669. |
- Sulzbacher, K., et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobic reduction of hexavalent chromium in filter sludge of an electrochemical process
- 1997
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Ingår i: Environmental technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; 18:3, s. 301-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of an anaerobic system to remediate hexavalent chromium containing waste was investigated. Experiments were performed at laboratory scale in the batch mode. The variables studied were the concentrations of waste, of inoculum, of yeast as an additional carbon source, of sulfate and the initial pH. The gas development, the final pH and the final concentrations of hexavalent and total chromium were measured. The evaluation was based on Multivariate data analysis. It could be shown that a remediation is possible. The influence of pH and sulfate were negligible in the given range. High yeast concentrations and low waste concentrations were favorable for a strong gas development and a complete elimination of chromate. Possible mechanisms are the active reduction of chromate by the microorganisms, its use as electron acceptor in bacterial respiration, and its sorption on organic material. Especially the last explanation is strongly supported by the experiments.
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| 44670. |
- Sumaila, U. Rashid, et al.
(författare)
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WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 374:6567, s. 544-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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