| 45321. |
- Suinder, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Usability and Interoperability of IEC 61499 based distributed automation systems
- 2006
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Ingår i: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 0780397002 ; , s. 31-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since IEC 61499 has reached the state of an international standard and a substantial body of research results exists the question of the authors as main intention for this paper was: Do the models of IEC 61499 solve all problems when thinking of usability and interoperability in heterogeneous system environments? The main problems discussed within the paper concern to the execution model defined for basic function blocks and the scheduling of events within function block networks
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| 45322. |
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| 45323. |
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| 45324. |
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| 45325. |
- Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluate the Optimal Future Demand of Water Consumption in Al-Anbar Province in the West of Iraq
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning. - : International Information and Engineering Technology Association. - 1743-7601 .- 1743-761X. ; 16:3, s. 457-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water is an essential source of sustaining life and used in generating electricity, agriculture, industry, and the daily domestic uses. This study was prepared to determine the water consumption of Anbar Province in the west of Iraq according to agricultural, industrial, and domestic demand. In addition, the study is evaluating the expected future water consumption by demand sites within study area. The results showed the domestic water demand will increases by 32% from 267.30 million m3 /year in 2021 to 352.70 million m3 per year in 2035, with a deficit of 24.5% in the year 2035. Furthermore, the study had appeared the agricultural demand was 1404.38 million m3 /year according to the limited cultivated area, which equals 42.93% from the total available area of 221,250 hectares. The agricultural demand increases to 2611 million m3 /year when uses all available area, and this cause occurs deficit in water demand reach to 1591 and 1715 million m3 /year in the years 2030 and 2035 respectively. In contrast, the study referred to necessary apply other irrigation methods as drip and sprinkler irrigation, which has high irrigation efficiency. In addition, using lined channels and pipes to transport water to reduce losses by leaching and evaporation. © 2021 WITPress. All rights reserved.
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| 45326. |
- Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of sediment transport empirical equations : case study of the Euphrates River West Iraq
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Geosciences. - : Springer. - 1866-7511 .- 1866-7538. ; 14:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediment transport in rivers is an important and complex process. It is very important to know the nature and quantities of sediments transported in course of rivers to achieve prudent water management. Due to the presence of most of the important projects on or near the banks of the river in the study area, so there is always a fear that these projects will be affected by the processes of erosion, transport, and sedimentation among the decision makers. Therefore, there is a need to develop our knowledge of the suitable equations that can be applied with acceptable accuracy to obtain satisfactory results for monitoring the processes of erosion, sedimentation, and transport that occur in River path to monitor and anticipate the changes taking place in the areas of the riverbanks. This study was carried out to check the reliability of different sediment transport formulas using data collected from the Euphrates River at the thermal power station in Al Anbar province, Iraq. The study also aimed to select the best formula for this site. Hydrological data have been collected. These were used for computing the total sediment load in the river at a specified cross-section using common sediment transport formulas ascribed to Ackers-White, Bagnold, Yang, Colby, Shen and Hung, and Engelund-Hansen. The performance of these formulas was assessed based on the accuracy of the predictions of the observed sediment load within a limited discrepancy ratio. The evaluations showed that the Engelund-Hansen formula represented the best formula for this river reach.
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| 45327. |
- Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Allocation Model for Sustainable and Economic Water Sources in Rutba City West of Iraq
- 2022
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Ingår i: Water Resources in Iraq: Perspectives and Prognosis (ICWRPP 2022). - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water resources represented by rivers, lakes, and wells are of great importance in the growth and development of civilization by meeting the different needs of the population. Due to the climatic changes that take place in different regions of the world, in addition to the increasing population growth, it has become necessary to manage the various water resources in a way that achieves a balance between supply and demand, especially in dry areas that suffer from limited rainfall and high evaporation rates as a result of high temperatures. Iraq has surface water resources that are the main provider of agricultural, industrial, and domestic demand sites, in addition to a strategic store of groundwater that can be used during periods of water scarcity. In this study, the Water Assessment and Planning (WEAP) model was used to assess the current and future demand of the Rutba city in western Iraq for the period (2021 to 2030). The study showed a population increase of 20.9% for the period 2021-2030 which requires water amounting to (4.43) million cubic meters annually by 2030. Currently, water supply to the city is carried out from three different sources, which is through water withdrawal From the Euphrates River through the Qaim and Heet sites, as well as by withdrawing water from a group of wells from Dabaa aquifers east of the city and pumping it to the city of Rutba by pipes, which requires optimal management of the city's water supply sources to meet the population's need, especially in light of the high annual costs of the process of transferring the water supply to the city.
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| 45328. |
- Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation Model for Optimal Operation of Dokan Dam Reservoir Northern of Iraq
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics. - : International Information and Engineering Technology Association (IIETA). - 1755-7437 .- 1755-7445. ; 16:3, s. 301-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the limitation of water renewable resources on one hand and increasing growth in consuming water in different parts such as agriculture, industry, urban, and the environment in other hand, face management of these valuable resources to many challenges. Present study attempts to clarify recent condition of the problem and introduce effective management tools in water supply sector. In order to achieve this purpose, simulating model HEC-Res Sim was used for Dokan Dam to study the operational behavior of the reservoir and to investigate the model capability in representing and simulating the real system. The study based on monthly discharge data for the period from 1986 to 2016 measured at the inlet of Dokan Dam reservoir. The results of the current study were compared and evaluated against those counterparts observed data using two statistical metrics, correlation coefficient and Nash- Sutcliff coefficient efficiency. Moreover, an empirical formula was found linking the amount of inflow to the reservoir with the amount of outflow. The results showed that the HEC-ResSim 3.0 performed well in simulating the monthly discharges. Therefore, HEC-ResSim 3.0 could be used for better water system analysis in this study area.
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| 45329. |
- Sulaiman, Sadeq Oleiwi, et al.
(författare)
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The Evaluation of the SWAT Model Performance to Predict the Runoff Values in the Iraqi Western Desert
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment and Ecology Research. - USA : Horizon Research Publishing Co., Ltd.. - 2331-625X .- 2331-6268. ; 9:6, s. 330-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present research, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the prediction of surface runoff amounts of the catchment of Al-Masad, in the Western Desert of Iraq. The prediction period was from September 2020 to January 2030. The calibration and verification of this model were performed according to the daily surface runoff data that were measured between 2010 and 2014. Statistical parameters were employed to determine the performance of the model. These parameters were RSR (ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency), and PBias (percent Bias), which were calculated as 0.58%, 0.71%, and 13% for calibration and 0.55%, 0.74% and 11% for verification, respectively. The results from the model verification and calibration prove that this model was sufficient in simulating the catchment surface runoff. Furthermore, the SWAT model was applied for the prediction of daily, monthly, and yearly surface runoff value of the catchment from 2021 to 2030. The results obtained from the model showed that the annual surface runoff volume of the catchment, throughout the period of the simulation, was between 0.65 and 8.3 million m3 with an average value of 2.622 million m3.
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| 45330. |
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