| 9561. |
- Kraft, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Enabling Timing Analysis of Complex Embedded Software Systems
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cars, trains, trucks, telecom networks and industrial robots are examples of products relying on complex embedded software systems, running on embedded computers. Such systems may consist of millions of lines of program code developed by hundreds of engineers over many years, often decades. Over the long life-cycle of such systems, the main part of the product development costs is typically not the initial development, but the software maintenance, i.e., improvements and corrections of defects, over the years. Of the maintenance costs, a major cost is the verification of the system after changes has been applied, which often requires a huge amount of testing. However, today's techniques are not sufficient, as defects often are found post-release, by the customers. This area is therefore of high relevance for industry. Complex embedded systems often control machinery where timing is crucial for accuracy and safety. Such systems therefore have important requirements on timing, such as maximum response times. However, when maintaining complex embedded software systems, it is difficult to predict how changes may impact the system's run-time behavior and timing, e.g., response times.Analytical and formal methods for timing analysis exist, but are often hard to apply in practice on complex embedded systems, for several reasons. As a result, the industrial practice in deciding the suitability of a proposed change, with respect to its run-time impact, is to rely on the subjective judgment of experienced developers and architects. This is a risky and inefficient, trial-and-error approach, which may waste large amounts of person-hours on implementing unsuitable software designs, with potential timing- or performance problems. This can generally not be detected at all until late stages of testing, when the updated software system can be tested on system level, under realistic conditions. Even then, it is easy to miss such problems. If products are released containing software with latent timing errors, it may cause huge costs, such as car recalls, or even accidents. Even when such problems are found using testing, they necessitate design changes late in the development project, which cause delays and increases the costs. This thesis presents an approach for impact analysis with respect to run-time behavior such as timing and performance for complex embedded systems. The impact analysis is performed through optimizing simulation, where the simulation models are automatically generated from the system implementation. This approach allows for predicting the consequences of proposed designs, for new or modified features, by prototyping the change in the simulation model on a high level of abstraction, e.g., by increasing the execution time for a particular task. Thereby, designs leading to timing-, performance-, or resource usage problems can be identified early, before implementation, and a late redesigns are thereby avoided, which improves development efficiency and predictability, as well as software quality. The contributions presented in this thesis is within four areas related to simulation-based analysis of complex embedded systems: (1) simulation and simulation optimization techniques, (2) automated model extraction of simulation models from source code, (3) methods for validation of such simulation models and (4) run-time recording techniques for model extraction, impact analysis and model validation purposes. Several tools has been developed during this work, of which two are in commercialization in the spin-off company Percepio AB. Note that the Katana approach, in area (2), is subject for a recent patent application - patent pending.
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| 9562. |
- Kraft, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Legacy Issues in Industrial Software Development
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results of the graduate course ”Legacy Issues in Industrial SoftwareDevelopment”, which was organized at Malardalen Real-Time Research Centre (MRTC) atMalardalen University during winter 2006-2007.
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| 9563. |
- Kraft, Johan
(författare)
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RTSSim - A Simulation Framework for Complex Embedded Systems
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the current state of RTSSim, a simulation framework for complex embedded systems focusing on timing and resource usage properties. The report presents the core concepts of RTSSim, the elements of RTSSim simulation models and associated operations, as well as an example of a fairly complex RTSSim simulation model.
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| 9564. |
- Kraft, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Software Maintenance Research in the PROGRESS Project for Predictable Embedded Software Systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: 15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR'11). - Los Alamitos : IEEE Computer Society. - 9780769543437 ; , s. 335-338
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PROGRESS is a project and strategic research centre at Malardalen University in Sweden that is funded for 2006-2010 by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF). PROGRESS research targets embedded software in the vehicular, automation, and telecom domains, focusing on the areas of component technology, verification and analysis for predictability, predictable execution, as well as reuse and maintenance of legacy embedded software. We first describe the funding, organization and research areas of PROGRESS, and then give several examples of PROGRESS research that addresses maintenance of legacy embedded software with the goal to improve program comprehension, quality assurance, and debugging. Specifically, we describe research in tracing and trace visualization, impact analysis of temporal behavior, slicing, and system-specific static analyses.
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| 9565. |
- Kraft, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Trace Recording for Embedded Systems: Lessons Learned from Five Industrial Projects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6418. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642166112 ; , s. 315-329
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents experiences from five industry collaboration projects performed between 2004 - 2009 where solutions for embedded systems trace recording have been developed and evaluated; in four cases for specific industrial systems and in the last case as a generic solution for a commercial real-time operating system, in collaboration with the RTOS company. The experiences includes technical solutions regarding efficient instrumentation and logging, technology transfer issues and evaluation results regarding CPU and RAM overhead. A brief overview of the Tracealyzer tool is also presented, a result of the first project (2004) which still is used by ABB Robotics and now in commercialization.
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| 9566. |
- Kraiwong, Ratchanok, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Sensory Impairment on Balance Performance and Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Older Adults With Tune 2 Diabetes
- 2019
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE-ARM. - : KOREAN ACAD REHABILITATION MEDICINE. - 2234-0645 .- 2234-0653. ; 43:4, s. 497-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To compare balance performance and lower limb muscle strength between older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with and without sensory impairments and non-DM groups. Influence of a number of sensory impairments, and muscle strength on balance performance were explored. Methods Ninety-two older adults with and without type 2 DM, were examined relative to visual function with the Snellen chart, Melbourne Edge test, and Howard-Dolman test, vestibular function with the modified Romberg test, proprioception of the big toe, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Balance performances were evaluated with the Romberg test, Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Strength of knee and ankle muscles was measured. Results FRT of type 2 DM groups with at least two sensory impairments, was lower than the non-DM group (p<0.05). TUG of all DM groups, was worse than the non-DM group (p<0.01). Lower limb muscle strength of type 2 DM groups with two and three sensory impairments, was weaker than non-DM group (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that type 2 DM with three sensory impairments, ankle dorsiflexors strength, and age were influential predictors of TUG. Conclusion There were significant differences, of muscle strength and balance performance among groups. Poorer balance and reduced lower limb strength were marked in older adults with type 2 DM, even ones without sensory impairment. Muscle weakness seemed to progress, from the distal part of lower limbs. A greater number of sensory impairments, weaker dorsiflexors, and advanced age influenced balance performance.
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| 9567. |
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| 9568. |
- Krammer, Sorin M. S., et al.
(författare)
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An Ivory Tower of Babel? The Impact of Size and Diversity of Teams on Research Performance in Business Schools
- 2023
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Learning & Education. - 1537-260X .- 1944-9585.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the prevalence of teams in research, there is a lack of a good understanding of how their size and diversity affects their performance. We develop a theoretical framework that distinguishes two dimensions of research performance for an academic paper: impact (i.e., subsequent citations) and prestige (i.e., ranking of the journal where research is published). We propose that, while larger teams will enhance linearly the impact of research, they will affect its prestige in a nonlinear fashion. We further contend that these effects will be moderated by knowledge and international diversity of the teams. We test these hypotheses using bibliometric data between 1990 and 2020 on more than 1.4 million papers and 18 million citation counts across 22 subfields in management. Our results confirm significant benefits for research impact from both team size and diversity, but also highlight drawbacks when teams become very large and heterogeneous. Moreover, we find a nonlinear positive effect of team size on research prestige that can be offset only by high levels of knowledge diversity. These findings are robust to a variety of proxies, controls, and estimation techniques, including instrumental variables and propensity score matching. We discuss practical implications for stimulating research performance in business schools.
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| 9569. |
- Krammer, S. M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Happy Diamond Anniversary JMS! A Decade Analysis of the Journal of Management Studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Management Studies. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-2380 .- 1467-6486.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Journal of Management Studies, founded in 1963, is celebrating its 60th year. Clark et al. (2014) conducted a bibliometric analysis for its 50th anniversary assessing whether the journal had maintained its leading international ranking and sustained its mission to serve as a broad-based management outlet. In this review, we build on and extend their findings by examining trends in the journal over the past decade (2012–22). We present a broader analysis of JMS by exploring its unique identity within the management journal ecosystem and examining its scope and breadth in terms of topics, methods, and author demographics to document JMS's evolution, impact, reach, and accessibility. We develop a new bibliometric framework that employs a mix of qualitative and quantitative analyses (including regression, text, and language analysis) to cover a broad range of considerations for a journal and its stakeholders. In so doing, we contribute to the bibliometric and review research areas by proposing new metrics (related to diversity, equity, and inclusion) and analysis tools to assess the relative position of an academic journal. Employing this framework, we conclude that JMS has retained and enhanced its position as a leading, cutting-edge general management journal.
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| 9570. |
- Krasteva, Iva, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Comparison of Agile Principles and the Fundaments of Component-Based Software Development
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents a systematic comparison of the principles of agile software development and the fundaments of component-based software development with COTS (Commercial Off-the-Shelf) components. The fundamental assumptions and inherent characteristics of the two fields are compared, and any theoretical incompatibilities are reported. The study is limited to include only development activities, which are [31]: requirements, design, development, verification and validation, and integration. We do not consider activities such as project management, configuration management, maintenance and evolution, and documentation. Furthermore, the study concerns development with COTS components, not other types of component-based development, such as [15]: product-line development (where components are built in-house) or architecture-driven development (i.e. top-down design decomposition resulting in components to be developed in-house).This theoretical study should be seen as a first phase, laying the foundation for further empirical studies in an industrial setting. These two steps are well-defined parts of the research agenda of the established PROGRESS Centre for Predictable Embedded Software Systems and also the ITEA2 FLEXI project of which we are part.
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