| 66121. |
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| 66122. |
- Lundquist, Peter, 1960-
(författare)
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Estimating Interviewer Effects in Sample Surveys : Some Contributions
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on measurement errors that could be ascribed to the interviewers. To study interviewer variability a measurement error model is formulated which makes a clear distinction between three sources of randomness: the sample selection, interviewer assignment, and interviewing. In the first paper the variance of the observed sample mean is derived, and it is seen how this variance depends on parameters of the measurement error model and on the number of interviewers. An estimator of the interviewer variance, which is seen to be unbiased, and a biased intra-interviewer correlation estimator are suggested. In a simulation study it is seen that the simulation variance of the interviewer variance estimator increases for both high and low interviewer assignments and seems to have a minimum somewhere in between. The second paper presents an expression of the variance of the observed sample mean under stratified random sampling. Two possible estimators of the variance of the mean are considered, one of which has a slight positive bias, the other a negative bias, which can be large. Two different estimators of the interviewer variance are studied. Only one of them makes it possible to find a reasonable estimate of the intra-interviewer correlation. In the third paper an expression for the variance of the interviewer variance estimator is derived. This result may prove useful in designing future studies of interviewer variance. For a large population it will be possible to use an approximate variance, irrespective of the underlying distribution of the unknown true values.The fourth paper deals with some issues in planning and analyzing an interviewer variance study. Three problems are considered: (i) Determining the number of interviewers and the appropriate size of the interviewer assignments; (ii) Finding the probability of negative estimates of the interviewer variance; (iii) Testing for interviewer variance.
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| 66123. |
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| 66124. |
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| 66125. |
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| 66126. |
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| 66127. |
- Lundquist, Sanna
(författare)
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Do Parties Matter for Environmental Policy Stringency? Exploring the Program-to-Policy Link for Environmental Issues in 28 Countries 1990-2015
- 2024
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Ingår i: Political Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0032-3217 .- 1467-9248. ; 72:2, s. 612-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Political parties are crucial in crafting effective national climate policies in democratic states. At the same time, there is a practical and academic debate of whether political parties matter for policy output. This article speaks to this debate by investigating the link between what parties say and what parties do with respect to environmental issues. More concretely, it analyzes whether there is a connection between the degree of environmentalism expressed in parties' electoral manifestos and national environmental policy output. Theoretically, the article draws on existing research on program-to-policy linkages in general and for environmental issues specifically to argue that saliency of environmentalism in party manifestos shapes more stringent environmental policies. This argument is empirically tested by combining data on policy stringency with data on manifesto contents for 28 countries for the period 1990-2015. The findings corroborate the main hypothesis, which has implications for understanding the overall potential for political parties to structure national environmental politics. The article concludes by sketching broader implications for research on parties' ability to shape national environmental policy across political systems, and across partisan ideologies.
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| 66128. |
- Lundquist, Sanna
(författare)
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Explaining events of strong decoupling from CO2 and NOx emissions in the OECD 1994–2016
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decoupling economic growth from emissions is vital to achieve the environmental targets postulated by the Paris agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper analyzes a set of factors that have the potential to increase the rate of emissions decoupling in 35 OECD countries 1994–2016. It takes on an encompassing approach focusing on emissions decoupling from two pollutant types carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) as well as emissions decoupling from both production-and consumption-based CO2 emissions. Drawing on existing research six key driving factors of emissions decoupling are derived and empirically tested. The paper contributes theoretically by widening the understanding of potential drivers of decoupling, as the six derived factors are not generally analyzed in conjunction. The paper is methodologically innovative in its use of event history models to analyze the significance of the explanatory factors in increasing the rate of emissions decoupling.The paper results in three main findings. One the paper provide empirical evidence of emissions decoupling across all analyzed countries and across all pollutant measures. Two, the paper shows that countries experience recurring instances of decoupling. Third, factors related to green technologies can increase the rate of decoupling both for different emission types and for emissions accounted for as production-and consumption-based.
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| 66129. |
- Lundquist, Sanna, 1989-
(författare)
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Governing the Green Economy Transition : Public Opinion, Political Parties, and Environmental Outcomes
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The green economy presents an attractive framework for how economic growth can continue without harming the environment and promises to deliver more resource efficient, less carbon intensive, less environmentally damaging, and more socially inclusive societies. Over the past fifteen years, the idea of a green economy transition as a means to reconcile economic, environmental and social goals has gained traction among a wide range of policy-making organizations and is incorporated in policy agendas at national and global scales. Despite this, research has yet to produce a systematic and careful assessment of the evidence of a green economy transition. This dissertation lays down the first building blocks of a theoretical, empirical and methodological framework that can be used to assess the green economy transition. Taking on an interdisciplinary approach, the dissertation identifies four key objectives of a green economy; market transformation, political management, individual environmental values and attitudes and private sector environmental governance. These four objectives are quantified into multiple indicators and used to provide a systematic and comparative analysis of the causes and drivers of a green economy transition. The overall conclusions of this dissertation are threefold. First, there is empirical evidence of a green economy transition and countries are making progress towards greening growth. Second, it seems possible for political actors to govern the green economy transition and push the economy in the desired direction. Third, a green economy transition requires a more pronounced role of the general public and private market actors.
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| 66130. |
- Lundquist, Sanna, 1989-
(författare)
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Public and private environmental regulation: substitutes or complements? : Mapping and explaining the diffusion and interplay between environmental taxes and ISO 14001 certifications in 13 economic sectors in 23 European countries
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research is characterized by an ambiguity when it comes to the nature of the interplay between public and private environmental regulation. This article examines this interplay by analyzing how the interaction between public and private environmental regulations influences environmental pollution. Specifically, the paper maps the sectoral diffusion of environmental taxes and ISO 14001 certifications in relation to sectoral greenhouse gas emissions across 13 economic sectors of activity in 23 countries between 2009 and 2020. Next, in order to further our understanding of private and public regulation as either substitutes or complements, the paper empirically tests how the interaction between public and private regulatory instruments influences sectoral greenhouse gas emissions.The analysis results in three principal findings. Firstly, environmental taxes and ISO 14001 certifications partly target the same sectors, since both tax revenues and ISO certifications tend to be high in the high-polluting manufacturing sector. Secondly, it seems that while environmental taxes can effectively reduce emissions, there is no evidence that ISO certifications have any impact on sectoral emissions. Thirdly, ISO certifications and taxes are not complementary when it comes to reducing emissions.
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