| 11. |
- Ahmadi, Fereshteh, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Mode, senmodernitet, identitet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - Uppsala : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 49:2, s. 129-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common discussion in the late modern era is the role that tradition plays concerning individualidentity. This forms a background to our article that focuses on consumer culture andone of its characteristics – fashion. To what extent does consumer culture and fashion contributeto the undermining of traditions, and how does this affect individual identity? Wediscuss two interpretations of consumption in shaping individual identity: the first interpretationmaintains that by consumption individuals obtain an increasing freedom of choicemakingthem free from the power of tradition, and thereby responsible for their lifestylechoices. According to the second interpretation, the free choice is illusory. This choiceisstrongly influenced by factors such as social class and producers’ manipulative skills. Contrastingclassical social theorists with contemporary fashion theory we argue that late modernfashion is characterized by quick changes and pluralism that often stand in contrast totradition. We further discuss the increased importance of taste and new diffusion patternsas signs of a more individualized fashion, and discuss neo-tribalism as a post-traditional kindof community.
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| 12. |
- Ahrne, Göran
(författare)
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Delvis människa, delvis organisation
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:1, s. 59-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partly human, partly organizationIn this article the phenomenon of organization is discussed and its consequences for the understanding of human actions and human choices are examined. Affiliation to organizations are found to be both restrictions on and preconditions for most human action. In this connection families are regarded as organizations as well as enterprises, voluntary associations and states. Human action is primarily action on behalf of organizations where individuals are partly human, partly organization. To understand the meaning of action on behalf of organization it is important to realize that people rarely choose their organizational affiliation. People are selected. This means that actions on behalf of organizations cannot be regarded as expressions of individual choices. Actions on behalf of organizations are generally characterized by a dual involvement.
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| 13. |
- Ahrne, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Antenatal care for Somali-born women in Sweden : Perspectives from mothers, fathers and midwives
- 2019
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 74, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore Somali-born parents' experiences of antenatal care in Sweden, antenatal care midwives´ experiences of caring for Somali-born parents, and their respective ideas about group antenatal care for Somali-born parents.DESIGN: Eight focus group discussions with 2-8 participants in each were conducted, three with Somali-born mothers, two with fathers and three with antenatal care midwives. The transcribed text was analysed using Attride-Stirling´s tool "Thematic networks".SETTING: Two towns in mid-Sweden and a suburb of the capital city of Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: Mothers (n = 16), fathers (n = 13) and midwives (n = 7) were recruited using purposeful sampling.FINDINGS: Somali-born mothers and fathers in Sweden were content with many aspects of antenatal care, but they also faced barriers. Challenges in the midwife-parent encounter related to tailoring of care to individual needs, dealing with stereotypes, addressing varied levels of health literacy, overcoming communication barriers and enabling partner involvement. Health system challenges related to accessibility of care, limited resources, and the need for clear, but flexible routines and supportive structures for parent education. Midwives confirmed these challenges and tried to address them but sometimes lacked the support, resources and tools to do so. Mothers, fathers and midwives thought that language-supported group antenatal care might help to improve communication, provide mutual support and enable better dialogue, but they were concerned that group care should still allow privacy when needed and not stereotype families according to their country of birth.KEY CONCLUSIONS: ANC interventions targeting inequalities between migrants and non-migrants may benefit from embracing a person-centred approach, as a means to counteract stereotypes, misunderstandings and prejudice. Group antenatal care has the potential to provide a platform for person-centred care and has other potential benefits in providing high-quality antenatal care for sub-groups that tend to receive less or poor quality care. Further research on how to address stereotypes and implicit bias in maternity care in the Swedish context is needed.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ahrne, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Group antenatal care compared with standard antenatal care for Somali-Swedish women : a historically controlled evaluation of the Hooyo Project
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Comparing language-supported group antenatal care (gANC) and standard antenatal care (sANC) for Somali-born women in Sweden, measuring overall ratings of care and emotional well-being, and testing the feasibility of the outcome measures.Design: A quasi-experimental trial with one intervention and one historical control group, nested in an intervention development and feasibility study.Setting: Midwifery-led antenatal care clinic in a mid-sized Swedish town.Participants: Pregnant Somali-born women (<25 gestational weeks); 64women in gANC and 81 in sANC.Intervention: Language-supported gANC (2017-2019). Participants were offered seven 60-minute group sessions with other Somali-born women led by one to two midwives, in addition to 15-30min individual appointments with their designated midwife.Outcomes: Primary outcomes were women's overall ratings of antenatal care and emotional well-being (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) in gestational week >= 35and 2 months post partum. Secondary outcomes were specific care experiences, information received, social support, knowledge of pregnancy danger signs and obstetric outcomes.Results: Recruitment and retention of participants were challenging. Of eligible women, 39.3% (n=106) declined to participate. No relevant differences regarding overall ratings of antenatal care between the groups were detected (late pregnancy OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.50 to 4.16 and 6-8 weeks post partum OR 2.71, 95% CI 0.88 to 9.41). The reduction in mean EPDS score was greater in the intervention group when adjusting for differences at baseline (mean difference -1.89; 95% CI -3.73 to -0.07). Women in gANC were happier with received pregnancy and birth information, for example, caesarean section where 94.9% (n=37) believed the information was sufficient compared with 17.5% (n=7) in standard care (p<0.001) in late pregnancy.Conclusions: This evaluation suggests potential for language-supported gANC to improve knowledge acquisition among pregnant Somali-born women with residence in Sweden <10 years. An adequately powered randomised trial is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
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| 16. |
- Ahrne, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Group antenatal care (gANC) for Somali-speaking women in Sweden - a process evaluation
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Language supported group antenatal care (gANC) for Somali-born women was implemented in a Swedish public ANC clinic. The women were offered seven 60-min sessions, facilitated by midwives and starting with a presentation of a selected topic, with an additional 15-min individual appointment before or after. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility for participants and midwives of implementing The Hooyo ("mother" in Somali) gANC intervention, including implementation, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors. Methods A process evaluation was performed, using The Medical Research Council (MRC) guidelines for evaluating complex interventions as a framework. A range of qualitative and quantitative data sources were used including observations (n = 9), complementary, in-depth and key-informant interviews (women n = 6, midwives n = 4, interpreters and research assistants n = 3) and questionnaire data (women n = 44; midwives n = 8). Results Language-supported gANC offered more comprehensive ANC that seemed to correspond to existing needs of the participants and could address knowledge gaps related to pregnancy, birth and the Swedish health care system. The majority of women thought listening to other pregnant women was valuable (91%), felt comfortable in the group (98%) and supported by the other women (79%), and they said that gANC suited them (79%). The intervention seemed to enhance knowledge and cultural understanding among midwives, thus contributing to more women-centred care. The intervention was not successful at involving partners in ANC. Conclusions The Hooyo gANC intervention was acceptable to the Somali women and to midwives, but did not lead to greater participation by fathers-to-be. The main mechanisms of impact were more comprehensive ANC and enhanced mutual cultural understanding. The position of women was strengthened in the groups, and the way in which the midwives expanded their understanding of the participants and their narratives was promising. To be feasible at a large scale, gANC might require further adaptations and the "othering" of women in risk groups should be avoided.
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| 17. |
- Al-Hammadi, Mustafa, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Machine Learning Approaches for Dementia Detection Through Speech and Gait Analysis : A Systematic Literature Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - : IOS Press. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 100:1, s. 1-27
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Dementia is a general term for several progressive neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Timely and accurate detection is crucial for early intervention. Advancements in artificial intelligence present significant potential for using machine learning to aid in early detection.Objective:Summarize the state-of-the-art machine learning-based approaches for dementia prediction, focusing on non-invasive methods, as the burden on the patients is lower. Specifically, the analysis of gait and speech performance can offer insights into cognitive health through clinically cost-effective screening methods.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The search was performed on three electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) to identify the relevant studies published between 2017 to 2022. A total of 40 papers were selected for review.Results:The most common machine learning methods employed were support vector machine followed by deep learning. Studies suggested the use of multimodal approaches as they can provide comprehensive and better prediction performance. Deep learning application in gait studies is still in the early stages as few studies have applied it. Moreover, including features of whole body movement contribute to better classification accuracy. Regarding speech studies, the combination of different parameters (acoustic, linguistic, cognitive testing) produced better results.Conclusions:The review highlights the potential of machine learning, particularly non-invasive approaches, in the early prediction of dementia. The comparable prediction accuracies of manual and automatic speech analysis indicate an imminent fully automated approach for dementia detection.
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| 18. |
- Alexanderson, Karin, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Stuprör, hängrännor och rännkrokar : Utvärdering av projektet Samordnat stöd till barn och föräldrar i familjer med missbruk 2013-2014
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten handlar om:Det är en utvärdering av ett pilotprojekt med fem kommuner som drivits av Socialstyrelsen 2012-2014. Socialtjänsten i de fem kommunerna har i projektet beskrivit och prövat olika former samordning mellan enheter för med vuxna och barn för att upptäcka och ge adekvat stöd ur ett familjeperspektiv. I rapporten beskrivs hinder och framgångsfaktorer i var och en av de medverkande kommunerna men också sammantaget.De viktigaste resultaten:Alla fem kommuner har fullföljt projektet och har en fortsatt ambition att fortsätta utvecklingsarbetet. De har kommit olika långt i sina ambitioner. De i implementeringsteori beskrivna hindren förekommer även i detta projekt. Det har gällt exempelvis brister i kommuniceringen av projektet nedåt och uppåt i organisationen, hög arbetsbelastning, personalomsättning och brister i ledningsstöd. Att enheterna är lokaliserade på olika ställen eller organiserade i olika förvaltningar är andra hinder. Tre förhållanden som identifierats som hindrande eller försvårande av ett samordnat arbetssätt kan sammankopplats med lagstiftning och organisationsformer. Utredning och insats går inte alltid i fas med varandra tidsmässigt på vuxenheten och enheten för barn och unga. Enligt socialtjänstlagen ska en barnutredning vara slutförd inom fyra månader och en förhandbedömning ska vara gjord inom 14 dagar (SOL 11:2). Sådana tidsgränser formuleras inte för vuxenärenden. Barnutredningen kan avslutas utan insats med hänvisning till att det finns en fungerande förälder. Vuxenutredningen likaså om den vuxne saknar motivation att göra något åt sitt missbruk. Någon uppföljning av vad detta innebär för barnen sker inte om barnutredningen avslutats. Slutligen diskuteras resultatet utifrån en vedertagen metafor. De flesta kommuner i Sverige har en specialiserad organisation. I en sådan organisation flyter barnärendena i ett stuprör och vuxenärenden i ett annat. Utöver metaforen stuprör införs här metaforerna hängrännor och rännkrokar. Hängrännor behövs för att möjliggöra ett helhetsperspektiv på familjen, i hängrännorna blandas ärendena. Rännkrokar slutligen ses som strukturerna i organisationen som underlättar de blandade ärendeflödena. De samordningsmodeller som kommunerna prövat kan liknas vid försök att montera upp hängrännor. Kommunerna kan använda utvärderingen som inspiration för att själva implementera familjeorienterat arbetssätt och samordnade insatser till familjer med missbruksproblematik. Socialstyrelsen planerar utge ett kunskapsstöd för ett sådant arbete bl.a. med stöd av resultaten av rapporten.
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| 19. |
- Alisaari, Jenni, et al.
(författare)
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Mother tongue education in four Nordic countries : problem, right or resource?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies. - : University of Jyväskylä. - 1457-9863. ; 17:2, s. 52-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jenni Alisaari, University of Stockholm, Sweden & University of Turku, Finland Line Møller Daugaard, VIA University College, Denmark Joke Dewilde University of Oslo, NorwayRaisa Harju-Autti, Tampere University, Finland Leena Maria Heikkola, Åbo Akademi University, FinlandJonas Yassin Iversen, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences Niina Kekki, University of Turku, Finland Sari Pesonen, University of Stockholm, SwedenAnne Reath Warren, Uppsala University, Sweden Boglárka Straszer, Dalarna University, Sweden Maija Yli-Jokipii, Tampere University, FinlandThe Declaration of a Nordic Language Policy stipulates that all Nordic residents have the right to preserve and develop their mother tongue and their national minority languages. Hence, this article investigates the question of mother tongue education for linguistic minority students. Through four ‘telling cases’, the article explores how four Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, orient towards mother tongues, Indigenous and national minority languages in their educational policies. Drawing on Ruíz’ (1984) framework of orientations in language planning, we investigate the following question: In what ways are mother tongues framed as rights, resources, or problems in four telling cases of educational policy in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden? The analysis of the telling cases shows that although all four countries provide various forms of mother tongue education, thus apparently aligning with the intentions in the Declaration of a Nordic Language Policy, there are important differences between the provisions. Nevertheless, across the four countries, the official national languages are placed at the top of a language ideological hierarchy. The official national languages are followed by national minority languages as mother tongues. These languages are awarded rights but are not considered resources for the whole population (e.g., Ruíz, 1984). The Danish telling case inserts a supranational layer in the hierarchy, namely mother tongues with status as official languages in the European Union. The hierarchy of mother tongues thus reflects how some types of mother tongues are more readily granted rights and considered to be resources than others.
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| 20. |
- Alvarez-Castro, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation and interpretation of genetic effects with epistasis using the NOIA model.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - Totowa, NJ : Humana Press. - 1064-3745 .- 1940-6029. ; 871, s. 191-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce this communication with a brief outline of the historical landmarks in genetic modeling, especially concerning epistasis. Then, we present methods for the use of genetic modeling in QTL analyses. In particular, we summarize the essential expressions of the natural and orthogonal interactions (NOIA) model of genetic effects. Our motivation for reviewing that theory here is twofold. First, this review presents a digest of the expressions for the application of the NOIA model, which are often mixed with intermediate and additional formulae in the original articles. Second, we make the required theory handy for the reader to relate the genetic concepts to the particular mathematical expressions underlying them. We illustrate those relations by providing graphical interpretations and a diagram summarizing the key features for applying genetic modeling with epistasis in comprehensive QTL analyses. Finally, we briefly review some examples of the application of NOIA to real data and the way it improves the interpretability of the results.
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