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Sökning: LAR1:uu > Högskolan i Borås

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41.
  • Huč, Sabina, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Numerical analysis of moisture-induced strains and stresses in glued-laminated timber
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 74:5, s. 445-457
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Changes in relative humidity of the ambient air, RH (%), cause wetting and drying of wood material, which results in non-uniform moisture contents or moisture gradients, and consequently in moisture-induced stresses and strains in the glued-laminated timber (glulam) members. The aim of the present paper is to perform a hygromechanical analysis to predict the mechanical behavior of glulam specimens exposed to two RH regimes, causing wetting from 50% to 90% RH and drying from 90% to 50% RH, and compare the numerical to the experimental results. The aims are also to quantitatively analyze the influence of characteristic material parameters required in the multi-Fickian moisture transport model and the mechanical model on moisture-induced strains and stresses in glulam specimens and to determine the possibility of cracking of the material by analyzing the maximum tensile stresses perpendicular to the grain. Accurate numerical predictions of moisture contents and moisture-induced strains are obtained in the glulam specimens during wetting and drying as compared to the experimental results. The influence of a particular characteristic material parameter on moisture-induced strains and stresses is characterized as significant, but not crucial when a rough numerical estimation of the mechanical behavior of the glulam beam exposed to RH changes is required.
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42.
  • Huc, Sabina, et al. (författare)
  • Rheological behavior of wood in stress relaxation under compression
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Wood Science and Technology. - : SPRINGER. - 0043-7719 .- 1432-5225. ; 52:3, s. 793-808
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rheological behavior of wood under uniaxial compression along and perpendicular to the grain in constant environment was examined. Tests with constant deformation rate until failure and stress relaxation tests with constant deformation applied stepwise were carried out. The experimental results of stress relaxation showed nonlinear material behavior over time that got more prominent under high deformation levels. Considerable amount of stress relaxed during applying the deformation. Wood experienced greater stress relaxation along the grain than perpendicular to it. Three rheological models for orthotropic material were calibrated to the experimentally determined stress-time curves in longitudinal and transverse directions simultaneously. Small deformation levels assuming linear strains were accounted for in the models. Required elastic material parameters were determined from the tests with constant deformation rate. A model including the highest number of viscoelastic material parameters was the most successful in predicting stress relaxation of wood under stepwise deformation. Modeling indicated that wood behavior was very close to linear viscoelastic in relaxation under small deformation. The obtained material parameters made the model suitable for predicting rheological behavior of wood comprehensively, under sustained deformation or load in constant conditions.
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43.
  • Huvila, Isto, Professor, 1976-, et al. (författare)
  • Managing Information Gaps and Non‐Information
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2373-9231. ; 60:1, s. 793-798
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While the focus of information science and technology research is in information, sometimes the lack of information, information gaps and non-information can make an equally great or even greater difference. The purpose of this panel is to nuance the understanding of the absence of information and addressing the gap in theorising, investigating and working with information gaps and ‘non-information’ across the information field. Panellists present research conceptualising, documenting, and describing information gaps and non-information and how they are dealt with in the information field specifically addressing: 1) how conceptualisations of information gaps and non-information influence how they emerge as describable entities; 2) what approaches to manage information gaps and non-information exist in information science and technology research; 3) what aspects of information gaps and non-information different approaches address, make visible and invisible; and 4) how novel insights from the current state-of-the-art research can be translated to practice, policies and actions. 
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44.
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45.
  • Jabbari, Mostafa, et al. (författare)
  • Finding solvent for polyamide 11 using a computer software
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0942-9352 .- 2196-7156.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The solvent finding step has always been a time-consuming job in chemical-involved processes. The source of difficulty mainly comes from the trial-and-errors, as a repetitive process of chosing solvents and mixing them in different proportions. Computers are good at doing repetitive processes; however, they can only deal with numerical values, rather than qulitative scales. Numerification of qualitative parameters (like solubility) has already been introduced. The most recent one is the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). Using the HSPs could provide a solvent or solvent-mixture. In our previous study, we introduced a computer-aided model and a software to find a solvent mixture. In this study, we have used the computer-aided solvent selection model to find some solvent mixtures for polyamide 11, a biobased polymer which has attracted enormous attention recently. Using this numerical model significantly diminished the time of solvent development experimentation by decreasing the possible/necessary trials.
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46.
  • Jerkeman, Matilda, et al. (författare)
  • Trends in survival after cardiac arrest: a Swedish nationwide study over 30 years
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AimsTrends in characteristics, management, and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) were studied in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry (SCRR). Methods and resultsThe SCRR was used to study 106 296 cases of OHCA (1990–2020) and 30 032 cases of IHCA (2004–20) in whom resuscitation was attempted. In OHCA, survival increased from 5.7% in 1990 to 10.1% in 2011 and remained unchanged thereafter. Odds ratios [ORs, 95% confidence interval (CI)] for survival in 2017–20 vs. 1990–93 were 2.17 (1.93–2.43) overall, 2.36 (2.07–2.71) for men, and 1.67 (1.34–2.10) for women. Survival increased for all aetiologies, except trauma, suffocation, and drowning. OR for cardiac aetiology in 2017–20 vs. 1990–93 was 0.45 (0.42–0.48). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation increased from 30.9% to 82.2%. Shockable rhythm decreased from 39.5% in 1990 to 17.4% in 2020. Use of targeted temperature management decreased from 42.1% (2010) to 18.2% (2020). In IHCA, OR for survival in 2017–20 vs. 2004–07 was 1.18 (1.06–1.31), showing a non-linear trend with probability of survival increasing by 46.6% during 2011–20. Myocardial ischaemia or infarction as aetiology decreased during 2004–20 from 67.4% to 28.3% [OR 0.30 (0.27–0.34)]. Shockable rhythm decreased from 37.4% to 23.0% [OR 0.57 (0.51–0.64)]. Approximately 90% of survivors (IHCA and OHCA) had no or mild neurological sequelae. ConclusionSurvival increased 2.2-fold in OHCA during 1990–2020 but without any improvement in the final decade, and 1.2-fold in IHCA during 2004–20, with rapid improvement the last decade. Cardiac aetiology and shockable rhythms were halved. Neurological outcome has not improved.
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47.
  • Kalyanasundaram, M., et al. (författare)
  • Effects of improved information and volunteer support on segregation of solid waste at the household level in urban settings in Madhya Pradesh, India (I-MISS) : protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Segregation of household waste at the source is an effective and sustainable strategy for management of municipal waste. However, household segregation levels remain insufficient as waste management approaches are mostly top down and lack local support. The realisation and recognition of effective, improved and adequate waste management may be one of the vital drivers for attaining environmental protection and improved health and well-being. The presence of a local level motivator may promote household waste segregation and ultimately pro-environmental behaviour. The present cluster randomized control trial aims to understand if volunteer based information on waste segregation (I-MISS) can effectively promote increased waste segregation practices at the household level when compared with existing routine waste segregation information in an urban Indian setting.Methods: This paper describes the protocol of an 18 month two-group parallel,cluster randomised controlled trialin the urban setting of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. Randomization will be conducted at ward level, which is the last administrative unit of the municipality. The study will recruit 425 households in intervention and control groups. Assessments will be performed at baseline (0 months), midline (6 months), end line (12 months) and post intervention (18 months). The primary outcome will be the comparison of change in proportion of households practicing waste segregation and change in proportion of mis-sorted waste across the study period between the intervention and control groups as assessed by pick analysis. Intention to treat analysis will be conducted. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants.Discussion: The present study is designed to study whether an external motivator, a volunteer selected from the participating community and empowered with adequate training, could disseminate waste segregation information to their community, thus promoting household waste segregation and ultimately pro-environmental behaviour. The study envisages that the volunteers could link waste management service providers and the community, give a local perspective to waste management, and help to change community habits through information, constant communication and feedback.Trial registration: The study is registered prospectively with Indian Council of Medical Research- Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2020/03/024278). 
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48.
  • Kamsvåg, Tove, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Ibuprofen in needle procedures in children with cancer : A feasibility and pilot study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:2, s. 704-710
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To investigate the feasibility, and perform a pilot study, of a randomised clinical trial, investigating whether children experience less pain, fear and/or distress when they receive oral ibuprofen vs placebo before a needle is inserted in a subcutaneously implanted intravenous port.METHODS: Twenty-three children were included consecutively and randomised to either oral ibuprofen (n = 12) 7.5 mg/kg body weight or placebo (n = 11). The child's pain, fear and distress were reported by parents, nurses and the children (if ≥7 years of age). Feasibility criteria were defined as (a) ≥4 children included/month, (b) ≥80% of eligible patients agreed to participate, (c) >90% treated according to protocol, (d) <5% missing data, (e) s-cortisol samples analysed in ≥90% of the children.RESULTS: All feasibility criteria were met except recruitment and consent. Parents, nurses and children reported no trend of benefit of oral ibuprofen with regard to pain, fear and distress compared with placebo.CONCLUSION: The study failed to meet important feasibility criteria and was closed due to low recruitment rate and absence of trend of effect. From this data, we cannot state that ibuprofen is not helpful in needle procedures but that it seems unlikely.
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49.
  • Karlsson, Ann-Christin, et al. (författare)
  • "Is that my leg?" patients' experiences of being awake during regional anesthesia and surgery
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. - : Elsevier B.V. - 1089-9472 .- 1532-8473. ; 27:3, s. 155-164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Most knee or hip replacement surgery is performed under regional anesthesia, when patients are awake. Previous research has primarily focused on patients' experiences during general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to uncover the meaning of being awake during regional anesthesia and surgery. Nine interviews with patients undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery comprise the data. The phenomenological analysis shows that being awake during surgery can be compared with walking a tightrope because of ambiguous feelings. Four interrelated constituents further elucidated the patients' experiences: balancing between proximity and distance in the operating theater, balancing between having control and being left out, my partly inaccessible body handled by others, and the significant role of the carer. Anesthesia providers and perioperative nurses need to understand the awake patients' intraoperative experiences to support and confirm them when they can no longer experience or have full access to their body.
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50.
  • Karlsson, Ann-Christin, et al. (författare)
  • Only a whisper away. A philosophical view of the awake patient's situation during regional anaesthetics and surgery.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Nursing Philosophy. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 1466-7681 .- 1466-769X. ; 13:4, s. 257-265
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study the awake patient's intraoperative situation and experiences during regional anaesthetics and surgery are reflected upon by using the work of the French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological idea of the body as being at the centre of the world highlights the patient's embodied position and bestows significance onto the body as a whole, as a lived body. A case, based on the findings from a previous interview study, is presented as a contextual starting point where a patient goes from having a familiar body recognized as her own to having a partially anaesthetized body experienced as an unknown object. The intraoperative caring space is described in this context as the mutual ground where the awake patient and the nurse anaesthetist (NA) can interact to create meaning. The NA can act as the patient's bodily extension to bridge the gap between the patient's experiences and the situation. This calls for the NA's proximity and genuine presence in order to meet and understand the patient's awake experiences. Learning from the patient's situatedness gives information that is valuable for NAs to share with patients who are less experienced with this contextual situation. The challenge for the NA is not to perform routine-based care, but to acknowledge every patient's lifeworld and uniqueness thus enabling the patient to move easily along the mind–body–world continuum. The core of intraoperative care is to provide support and promote well-being of awake patients in the intraoperative environment. The use of a philosophical perspective is relevant for nurses who work in an intraoperative setting where patients undergo regional anaesthetics. This study shows how nursing research using phenomenological philosophy can help uncover new meanings known only to the patients living the experience.
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