| 11. |
- Abdi, Saida, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting positive development among refugee adolescents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of research on adolescence. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1050-8392 .- 1532-7795. ; 33:4, s. 1064-1084
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of the estimated 35.3 million refugees around the world (UNHCR, Figures at a Glance, 2022), approximately 50% are children under the age of 18. Refugee adolescents represent a unique group as they navigate developmental tasks in an unstable and often threatening environment or in resettlement contexts in which they often face marginalization. In addition to physiological, social, and psychological changes that mark adolescence, refugee youth often face traumatic experiences, acculturative stress, discrimination, and a lack of basic resources. In this consensus statement, we examine research on refugee adolescents' developmental tasks, acculturative tasks, and psychological adjustment using Suarez-Orozco and colleague's integrative risk and resilience model for immigrant-origin children and youth proposed by Suarez-Orozco et al. Finally, we discuss recommendations-moving from proximal to more distal contexts.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Abeid, Muzdalifat, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a training program for health care workers to improve the quality of care for rape survivors : a quasi-experimental design study in Morogoro, Tanzania
- 2016
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Sexual violence against women and children in Tanzania and globally is a human rights violation and a developmental challenge.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the impact of training health professionals on rape management. The specific objectives were to evaluate the changes of knowledge and attitudes toward sexual violence among a selected population of health professionals at primary health care level.DESIGN:A quasi-experimental design using cross-sectional surveys was conducted to evaluate health care workers' knowledge, attitude, and clinical practice toward sexual violence before and after the training program. The study involved the Kilombero (intervention) and Ulanga (comparison) districts in Morogoro region. A total of 151 health professionals at baseline (2012) and 169 in the final assessment (2014) participated in the survey. Data were collected using the same structured questionnaire. The amount of change in key indicators from baseline to final assessment in the two areas was compared using composite scores in the pre- and post-interventions, and the net intervention effect was calculated by the difference in difference method.RESULTS:Overall, there was improved knowledge in the intervention district from 55% at baseline to 86% and a decreased knowledge from 58.5 to 36.2% in the comparison area with a net effect of 53.7% and a p-value less than 0.0001. The proportion of participants who exhibited an accepting attitude toward violence declined from 15.3 to 11.2% in the intervention area but increased from 13.2 to 20.0% in the comparison area.CONCLUSIONS:Training on the management of sexual violence is feasible and the results indicate improvement in healthcare workers' knowledge and practice but not attitudes. Lessons learned from this study for successful replication of such an intervention in similar settings require commitment from those at strategic level within the health service to ensure that adequate resources are made available.
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| 14. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 15. |
- Abend, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Terrestrial very-long-baseline atom interferometry : Workshop summary
- 2024
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Ingår i: AVS Quantum Science. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2639-0213. ; 6:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more kilometer--scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions.
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| 16. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of Lambda baryon polarization in e(+) e(-) -> Lambda(Lambda)over-bar at root s=3.773 GeV
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 105:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a data sample of psi(3770) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9 fb-1, we report a measurement of A spin polarization in e+ e- -> Lambda(Lambda) over bar at = root s = 3.773 GeV. The significance of polarization is found to be 2 sigma including the systematic uncertainty, which implies a zero phase between the transition amplitudes of the Lambda(Lambda) over bar helicity states. This phase can be interpreted in terms of psionic form factors, and is determined to be Delta Phi(Psi) = Phi(Psi)(E) - Phi(Psi)(M) = (71(-46)(+66) +/- 5)degrees. Similarly, the ratio between the form factors is found to be R-psi = vertical bar G(E)(Psi)/G(M)(Psi)vertical bar = 0.48(-0.35)(+0.21) +/- 0.03. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Abozeid, Hassanein H., et al.
(författare)
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Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt : Genetic Diversity and Vaccination Strategies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Veterinary Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2306-7381. ; 7:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly evolving avian pathogen that has increasingly imposed a negative impact on poultry industry worldwide. In the last 20 years, IBV has been continuously circulating among chicken flocks in Egypt causing huge economic losses to poultry production. Multiple IBV genotypes, namely, GI-1, GI-13, GI-16, and GI-23 have been reported in Egypt possessing different genetic and pathogenic features. Different vaccine programs are being used to control the spread of the disease in Egypt. However, the virus continues to spread and evolve where multiple IBV variants and several recombination evidence have been described. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge concerning IBV circulation, genesis, and vaccination strategies in Egypt. In addition, we analyze representative Egyptian IBV strains from an evolutionary perspective based on available data of their S1 gene. We also provide insight into the importance of surveillance programs and share our perspectives for better control of IBV circulating in Egypt.
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| 19. |
- Abrahams, Harriët J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Moderators of the effect of psychosocial interventions on fatigue in women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer : Individual patient data meta-analyses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psycho-Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1057-9249 .- 1099-1611. ; 29:11, s. 1772-1785
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivePsychosocial interventions can reduce cancer‐related fatigue effectively. However, it is still unclear if intervention effects differ across subgroups of patients. These meta‐analyses aimed at evaluating moderator effects of (a) sociodemographic characteristics, (b) clinical characteristics, (c) baseline levels of fatigue and other symptoms, and (d) intervention‐related characteristics on the effect of psychosocial interventions on cancer‐related fatigue in patients with non‐metastatic breast and prostate cancer.MethodsData were retrieved from the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) consortium. Potential moderators were studied with meta‐analyses of pooled individual patient data from 14 randomized controlled trials through linear mixed‐effects models with interaction tests. The analyses were conducted separately in patients with breast (n = 1091) and prostate cancer (n = 1008).ResultsStatistically significant, small overall effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue were found (breast cancer: β = −0.19 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = −0.30; −0.08]; prostate cancer: β = −0.11 [95%CI = −0.21; −0.00]). In both patient groups, intervention effects did not differ significantly by sociodemographic or clinical characteristics, nor by baseline levels of fatigue or pain. For intervention‐related moderators (only tested among women with breast cancer), statistically significant larger effects were found for cognitive behavioral therapy as intervention strategy (β = −0.27 [95%CI = −0.40; −0.15]), fatigue‐specific interventions (β = −0.48 [95%CI = −0.79; −0.18]), and interventions that only targeted patients with clinically relevant fatigue (β = −0.85 [95%CI = −1.40; −0.30]).ConclusionsOur findings did not provide evidence that any selected demographic or clinical characteristic, or baseline levels of fatigue or pain, moderated effects of psychosocial interventions on fatigue. A specific focus on decreasing fatigue seems beneficial for patients with breast cancer with clinically relevant fatigue.
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| 20. |
- Abrahamsson, Christian
(författare)
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Paradoxal or a grin without a cat
- 2007
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 89B:4, s. 381-383
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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