| 220811. |
- Soscia, Stephanie J., et al.
(författare)
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The Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Amyloid beta-Protein Is an Antimicrobial Peptide
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:3, s. e9505-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The amyloid beta-protein (A beta) is believed to be the key mediator of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. A beta is most often characterized as an incidental catabolic byproduct that lacks a normal physiological role. However, A beta has been shown to be a specific ligand for a number of different receptors and other molecules, transported by complex trafficking pathways, modulated in response to a variety of environmental stressors, and able to induce pro-inflammatory activities. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we provide data supporting an in vivo function for A beta as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP). Experiments used established in vitro assays to compare antimicrobial activities of A beta and LL-37, an archetypical human AMP. Findings reveal that A beta exerts antimicrobial activity against eight common and clinically relevant microorganisms with a potency equivalent to, and in some cases greater than, LL-37. Furthermore, we show that AD whole brain homogenates have significantly higher antimicrobial activity than aged matched non-AD samples and that AMP action correlates with tissue A beta levels. Consistent with A beta-mediated activity, the increased antimicrobial action was ablated by immunodepletion of AD brain homogenates with anti-A beta antibodies. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings suggest A beta is a hitherto unrecognized AMP that may normally function in the innate immune system. This finding stands in stark contrast to current models of A beta-mediated pathology and has important implications for ongoing and future AD treatment strategies.
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| 220812. |
- Soska, Kasey C., et al.
(författare)
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Infants plan prehension while pivoting
- 2019
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 61:7, s. 1048-1063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Skilled object retrieval requires coordination of the perceptual and motor systems. Coordination is especially challenging when body position is changing and visual search is required to locate the target. In three experiments, we used a ?pivot paradigm? to induce changes in body position: Participants were passively pivoted 180° toward a target placed at varied locations to the left and right of the center of a reaching board. Experiment 1 showed that 6- to 15-month-old infants (n = 41) plan prehension so quickly that they retrieve targets mid-turn and scale their reaches to target location relative to turn direction. Experiment 2 characterized planning mid-turn reaching in 6- to 8-month-olds (n = 5) wearing a head-mounted eye tracker. Reach planning depended on when the target appeared in the field of view?not on target fixation. Experiment 3 used head-mounted eye tracking and motion tracking to assess perceptual?motor coordination in adults (n = 13). Adults displayed more mid-turn reaching than infants. But like infants, adults scaled reaching to target location relative to turn direction, and contact time depended on when the target came into view?not on target fixation. Findings show that fast, efficient perceptual?motor coordination supports flexibility in infant prehension, and constraints on coordination are similar across the lifespan.
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| 220813. |
- Soskice, Janet Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Integration och integritet
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nya vägar i teologin. - Nora : Nya Doxa.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Översättning av Mattias Martinson
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| 220814. |
- Sosnoff, Jacob J., et al.
(författare)
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Coherence of EMG activity and single motor unit discharge patterns in human rhythmical force production.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Behavioural Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4328 .- 1872-7549. ; 158:2, s. 301-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the modulation of the motor neuronal pool as a function of task dynamics. Specifically, we investigated the effects of task frequency on the single motor unit discharge pattern, electromyogram (EMG) activity and effector force output. Myoelectric activity and effector force were recorded while young adults isometrically abducted their first dorsal interosseus at five sinusoidal targets (0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 3Hz and 4 Hz) and at two force levels (5% and 25% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)). Individual motor unit spike trains were isolated from the EMG. Auto-spectral and coherence analyses were performed on the force output, EMG and motor unit spike trains. The frequency of maximal coherence between the EMG and force output closely corresponded to the target frequency in all conditions. There was a broadband distribution of power with multiple peaks in the EMG and motor unit spectrums in the 0.5 Hz and 1Hz targets. However, the EMG and motor unit spectrums in the 2 Hz, 3Hz and 4Hz targets were characterized by an increasingly narrower band of activity with one dominant peak that closely corresponded to the target. There is high coherence between EMG output and target force frequency, but the relative contribution of the fast and slow neuromuscular bands are differentially influenced by the task frequency. The rhythmical organization of neuromuscular output in the 0.5 Hz task is relatively broadband and similar to that shown previously for constant level force output. The frequency structure of neuromuscular organization becomes increasingly more narrowband as the frequency of the target increases (2–4 Hz). The modulation of the motor neuronal pool is adaptive and depends on the relative contribution of feedback and feedforward control processes, which are driven by the task demands.
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| 220815. |
- Šoštarić, Margita, et al.
(författare)
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Discourse-Related Language Contrasts in English-Croatian Human and Machine Translation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Third Conference on Machine Translation: Research Papers. ; , s. 36-48
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an analysis of a number of coreference phenomena in English-Croatian human and machine translations. The aim is to shed light on the differences in the way these structurally different languages make use of discourse information and provide insights for discourse-aware machine translation system development. The phenomena are automatically identified in parallel data using annotation produced by parsers and word alignment tools, enabling us to pinpoint patterns of interest in both languages. We make the analysis more fine-grained by including three corpora pertaining to three different registers. In a second step, we create a test set with the challenging linguistic constructions and use it to evaluate the performance of three MT systems. We show that both SMT and NMT systems struggle with handling these discourse phenomena, even though NMT tends to perform somewhat better than SMT. By providing an overview of patterns frequently occurring in actual language use, as well as by pointing out the weaknesses of current MT systems that commonly mistranslate them, we hope to contribute to the effort of resolving the issue of discourse phenomena in MT applications.
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| 220816. |
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| 220817. |
- Sotelo, G.G., et al.
(författare)
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Tests with a hybrid bearing for a flywheel energy storage system
- 2016
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Ingår i: Superconductors Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-2048 .- 1361-6668. ; 29:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the design and experimental test of a passive magnetic bearing system composed by a superconductor magnetic bearing (SMB) and a permanent magnet bearing (PMB). This bearing setup is part of a flywheel energy storage system. The advantage of using a passive bearing system is that it offers low friction without the need of a magnetic bearing controller, increasing the reliability and decreasing the energy consumption. The first set of tests were quasi-static radial and axial force measurements of the PMB operating alone and together with the SMB. As the PMB is intrinsically unstable in one degree of freedom, the operation of the SMB together with the PMB is necessary to stabilize the system. After that, dynamic measurements were made for the SMB operating alone and together with the PMB. The resonant speeds were identified and the bearing radial and axial forces were also measured for the SMB and SMB + PMB operation. These results indicate that the studied bearing set is technologically feasible to be used in flywheel energy storage systems.
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| 220818. |
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| 220819. |
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| 220820. |
- Sotelo, Juan, et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties of polycrystalline metallic films
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 67, s. 195106-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend the Mayadas and Shatkes’s approach @Phys. Rev. B 1, 1382 ~1970!# to study the optical propertiesof polycrystalline metal thick films in the visible and far infrared range of the spectrum. We show that in thisrange grain boundary scattering can account for the experimentally observed lowering of the film reflectivity asthe mean size of its constituent grains decreases.
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