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Sökning: LAR1:vti

  • Resultat 21-30 av 9992
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21.
  • Abou-Senna, Hatem, et al. (författare)
  • A methodology to quantify pedestrian crash rates against statewide averages for roadways and intersections
  • 2016
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To date there are no clear or uniform standards for a method to measure pedestrian crash rates and compare it against a statewide average. In this paper, a novel methodology to measure pedestrian crash rates along roadways and intersections were quantified. The main objective is to identify critical pedestrian crash locations that are operating above its corresponding statewide average.  It was crucial to address the pedestrian-vehicular conflict as the State of Florida currently tops the list in the “Dangerous by Design” report as having the highest four pedestrian incident locations in the Country. The main challenge was to identify a practical and correct exposure measure. In most cases, the exposure measure is either unavailable or can be obtained at a greater cost. The methods and procedures explained in this paper are considered detailed, practical and provide a broad depiction of the main factors that directly contribute to pedestrian crashes. The main parameters used in calculating pedestrian crash rates along roadways included functional classification, number of lanes, area type, AADT and the total length of the roadway category. Conversely, main parameters for computing pedestrian crash rates for intersections included daily pedestrian volumes, distance crossed and the AADT in addition to the number of pedestrian crashes either along the studied roadways or intersections. The pilot studies conducted for the roadways and intersections revealed several critical safety locations within District 5 when compared to the developed statewide average rates which required further investigation to identify main causes and emphasize mitigation improvements.
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28.
  • Abtahi, Farhad, et al. (författare)
  • Association of drivers’ sleepiness with heart rate variability : A pilot study with drivers on real roads
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IFMBE Proceedings. - Singapore : Springer Verlag. - 9789811051210 ; , s. 149-152
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vehicle crashes lead to huge economic and social consequences, and one non-negligible cause of accident is driver sleepiness. Driver sleepiness analysis based on the monitoring of vehicle acceleration, steering and deviation from the road or physiological and behavioral monitoring of the driver, e.g., monitoring of yawning, head pose, eye blinks and eye closures, electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram and electrocardiogram (ECG), have been used as a part of sleepiness alert systems.Heart rate variability (HRV) is a potential method for monitoring of driver sleepiness. Despite previous positive reports from the use of HRV for sleepiness detection, results are often inconsistent between studies. In this work, we have re-evaluated the feasibility of using HRV for detecting drivers’ sleepiness during real road driving. A database consists of ECG measurements from 10 drivers, driving during morning, afternoon and night sessions on real road were used. Drivers have reported their average sleepiness level by using the Karolinska sleepiness scale once every five minutes. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the potential of HRV indexes to distinguish between alert, first signs of sleepiness and severe sleepiness states. The results suggest that individual subjects show different reactions to sleepiness, which produces an individual change in HRV indicators. The results motivate future work for more personalized approaches in sleepiness detection.
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29.
  • Achit, Hamza, et al. (författare)
  • Physical Impairment and Medical Care Spending by Road Accident Victims
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In addition to the immediate physical injuries they suffer, road accident victims may also be subject to ongoing deterioration of their state of health in terms of permanent physical and mental problems, disabilities, etc. These various health shocks entail recourse to care and treatment, the upshot being increases in health expenses. In France little is known about the financial impact of accidents on victims. This paper uses data from a sample of 777 individuals suffering from road accident-induced physical impairment. Information about these individuals includes details of their personal and socioprofessional characteristics, together with data provided by their health insurance offices regarding their use of treatment and their medical expenses. The analysis of these data reveals that the costs incurred by road accident victims are significantly associated with such factors as age, seriousness of impairment, and marital status. Interaction effects are also noted between these explanatory factors: for example, the effect of the seriousness of impairment on the costs involved differs according to the age of the victim.
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30.
  • Achwan, Nawawi, et al. (författare)
  • Application and development of road safety audit in Indonesia
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Conference Road Safety on Three Continents in Pretoria, South Africa, 20-22 September 2000. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 107-115
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The high rate of road accidents in Indonesia have become a national problem, which need serious handling. One of the causes, beside the human and vehicle factor, is the road and environmental factor. Based on international research, the contribution of road and environmental factors is calculated to 24 %. This in turns stresses the importance of a strategy, which in the end lead to the improvement of road safety conditions through application of a road safety concept. The author strongly argues in favour of Road Safety Audits. A safety audit process could be applied at all stages - in the feasibility study before the road is constructed or rehabilitated, during all of the design phases and after the road have been in operation. Furthermore, this paper introduces the concept of road safety audit with an existing by pass road in Cirebon as an example.
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