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  • Resultat 485221-485230 av 860689
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485221.
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485225.
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485227.
  • Lundgren, E, et al. (författare)
  • Combining biomarker and virus phylogenetic models improves HIV-1 epidemiological source identification
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: PLoS computational biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7358. ; 18:8, s. e1009741-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To identify and stop active HIV transmission chains new epidemiological techniques are needed. Here, we describe the development of a multi-biomarker augmentation to phylogenetic inference of the underlying transmission history in a local population. HIV biomarkers are measurable biological quantities that have some relationship to the amount of time someone has been infected with HIV. To train our model, we used five biomarkers based on real data from serological assays, HIV sequence data, and target cell counts in longitudinally followed, untreated patients with known infection times. The biomarkers were modeled with a mixed effects framework to allow for patient specific variation and general trends, and fit to patient data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Subsequently, the density of the unobserved infection time conditional on observed biomarkers were obtained by integrating out the random effects from the model fit. This probabilistic information about infection times was incorporated into the likelihood function for the transmission history and phylogenetic tree reconstruction, informed by the HIV sequence data. To critically test our methodology, we developed a coalescent-based simulation framework that generates phylogenies and biomarkers given a specific or general transmission history. Testing on many epidemiological scenarios showed that biomarker augmented phylogenetics can reach 90% accuracy under idealized situations. Under realistic within-host HIV-1 evolution, involving substantial within-host diversification and frequent transmission of multiple lineages, the average accuracy was at about 50% in transmission clusters involving 5–50 hosts. Realistic biomarker data added on average 16 percentage points over using the phylogeny alone. Using more biomarkers improved the performance. Shorter temporal spacing between transmission events and increased transmission heterogeneity reduced reconstruction accuracy, but larger clusters were not harder to get right. More sequence data per infected host also improved accuracy. We show that the method is robust to incomplete sampling and that adding biomarkers improves reconstructions of real HIV-1 transmission histories. The technology presented here could allow for better prevention programs by providing data for locally informed and tailored strategies.
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485228.
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485229.
  • Lundgren, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Den öppna kroppen och det låsta könet. : Den symboliska och dynamiska kroppen, speglad mot psykiatrisk konstruktion av transsexualitet
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Sosiologi idag. - 0332-6330. ; :4, s. 79-110
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article wishes to contribute to an understanding of the body as a potential category of transformation, which requires a perspective that moves away from thinking the body as ”locked”, unambiguous and pre-socially "given". Throughout the article an analytic perspective is held that understands the body as ”open” and ambiguous, a dynamic body that is at the same time both created and creating, both interpreted and interpreting, both determined and determining; a (discursively and socially constructed) body able to pose resistance. Via an analysis of Swedish psychiatric literature on transsexualism, the article examines the relationship between the ”open” body and the ”locked” gender. The authors claim that psychiatric assessment of transsexual individuals is based on an implicit and explicit assumption of a necessary correspondence between ”inside” - here core gender identity - and ”outside” - here gender role and the (changed) body - which can be traced back to the Western modernity project. The dynamic body is also a symbolic body, which means that the body is a source of production of a continuous stream of symbols, and symbols constantly interpret and transform the bodily. The article relates the symbolic body to the question of identity, i.e. the task of the symbolic body to signal - according to the logic of correspondence - that the carrier of the body ”inside” is a ”true” and ”proper” woman or man. The article concludes in putting forward the question if it is possible for the dynamic - ambiguous and protesting - body to guarantee correspondence with a possible ”inside”. If not, the demand for consistency will be questioned and mechanisms of power may become visible when they can no longer be camouflaged behind the ”natural” cover of the ”two sex-model”.
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485230.
  • Lundgren, E, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of leukocyte and fibroblast interferon on events in the fibroblast cell cycle
  • 1979
  • Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2099 .- 0022-1317. ; 42:3, s. 589-595
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Serum-depleted human foetal skin fibroblasts were stimulated by addition of 10% foetal calf serum to proliferate synchronously for at least one cell cycle. This proliferation was suppressed by leukocyte or fibroblast interferon (IF), which prolonged the G1 phase and diminished the rate of DNA synthesis during the S phase in a dose-dependent manner. When used in identical concentration, as judged in terms of units of antiviral activity, fibroblast IF had more pronounced effects on cell cycle events than leukocyte IF. Interferon exerted its effect in early G1, before the cells were irreversibly committed to DNA synthesis.
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