| 683981. |
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| 683982. |
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| 683983. |
- Scaramella, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Host brood traits, independent of adult behaviours, reduce Varroa destructor mite reproduction in resistant honeybee populations
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal for Parasitology. - 0020-7519 .- 1879-0135. ; 53, s. 565-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor is an invasive species of Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) and the largest pathogenic threat to their health world-wide. Its successful invasion and expansion is related to its ability to exploit the worker brood for reproduction, which results in an exponential population growth rate in the new host. With invasion of the mite, wild honeybee populations have been nearly eradicated from Europe and North America, and the survival of managed honeybee populations relies on mite population control treatments. However, there are a few documented honeybee populations surviving extended periods without control treatments due to adapted host traits that directly impact Varroa mite fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate if Varroa mite reproductive success was affected by traits of adult bee behaviours or by traits of the worker brood, in three mite-resistant honey bee populations from Sweden, France and Norway. The mite's reproductive success was measured and compared in broods that were either exposed to, or excluded from, adult bee access. Mite-resistant bee populations were also compared with a local mite-susceptible population, as a control group. Our results show that mite reproductive success rates and mite fecundity in the three mite-resistant populations were significantly different from the control population, with the French and Swedish populations having significantly lower reproductive rates than the Norwegian population. When comparing mite reproduction in exposed or excluded brood treatments, no differences were observed, regardless of population. This result clearly demonstrates that Varroa mite reproductive success can be suppressed by traits of the brood, independent of adult worker bees.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 683984. |
- Scaramella, Nicholas, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term responses of Rana arvalis tadpoles to pH and predator stress : adaptive divergence in behavioural and physiological plasticity?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0174-1578 .- 1432-136X. ; 192:5, s. 669-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental stress is a major driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in nature. To cope with stress, organisms can adjust through phenotypic plasticity and/or adapt through genetic change. Here, we compared short-term behavioural (activity) and physiological (corticosterone levels, CORT) responses of Rana arvalis tadpoles from two divergent populations (acid origin, AOP, versus neutral origin, NOP) to acid and predator stress. Tadpoles were initially reared in benign conditions at pH 7 and then exposed to a combination of two pH (acid versus neutral) and two predator cue (predator cue versus no predator cue) treatments. We assessed behavioural activity within the first 15 min, and tissue CORT within 8 and 24 h of stress exposure. Both AOP and NOP tadpoles reduced their activity in acidic pH, but the response to the predator cue differed between the populations: AOP tadpoles increased whereas NOP tadpoles decreased their activity. The AOP and NOP tadpoles differed also in their CORT responses, with AOP being more responsive (CORT levels of NOP tadpoles did not differ statistically across treatments). After 8 h exposure, AOP tadpoles had elevated CORT levels in the acid-predator cue treatment and after 24 h exposure they had elevated CORT levels in all three stress treatments (relative to the benign neutral-no-cue treatment). These results suggest that adaptation to environmental acidification in R. arvalis is mediated, in part, via behavioural and hormonal plasticity.
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| 683985. |
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| 683986. |
- Scaramuzzino, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Hat, hot och kränkningar mot ledare : Politisk, rumslig och personlig kontroll av civilsamhället
- 2021
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Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - 1104-1420. ; 28:1, s. 51-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Många som är aktiva i samhällsdebatten vittnar om ett hårdnande klimat och en rad ordförande i olika civilsamhällesorganisationer har avgått under de senaste åren efter att ha blivit hotade och kränkta på olika sätt, vilket har uppmärksammats i media. Kunskapen om hat, hot och kränkningar mot ledare i civilsamhället är dock begränsad, både internationellt och i Sverige. Syftet med artikeln är att belysa i vilken utsträckning ledare i det svenska organiserade civilsamhället blir utsatta för hat, hot eller kränkningar och undersöka faktorer som kan förklara att vissa blir utsatta och andra inte. Artikeln undersöker betydelsen av flera faktorer som är kopplade till tre dimensioner: ledarnas synlighet i den offentliga debatten (vid demonstrationer, i traditionella och sociala medier), politikområdena de är aktiva i och deras sociala bakgrund (kön, ålder och födelseland). Utifrån civilsamhällets förväntade roll som kritisk röst, kan de tolkas som olika dimensioner av kontroll och styrning som ledarna utsätts för, i samband med att hat, hot och kränkningar riktas mot dem – en rumslig kontroll baserad på var de uttrycker sig, en politisk kontroll baserad på vad de uttrycker och en personlig kontroll baserad på vem som uttrycker sig. Artikeln baseras på en enkätstudie från 2017 med svar från 140 civilsamhällesledare (50 procent svarsfrekvens) för väl etablerade organisationer, aktiva inom det sociala området. Resultaten visar att en av tre ledare i det civila samhället har blivit utsatt för hat, hot eller kränkningar. Studiens resultat visar också att unga, kvinnliga och/eller utrikesfödda ledare samt ledare som är aktiva inom politikområden ”sexualitet och hbtq” samt ”kvinnofrid och jämställdhet” är mer sannolika att bli utsatta för hat, hot eller kränkningar. Detta kan göra att unga, kvinnliga och utrikesfödda civilsamhällesledare undviker att synas och uttala sig i det offentliga rummet, vilket skulle få negativa konsekvenser för demokratin.
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| 683987. |
- Scaramuzzino, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Membership in the digital era : Swedish trade unions’ use of Internet and social media
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sociologisk Forskning. - Huddinge : Sociologisk Forskning, Swedish Sociological Association. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 57:1, s. 43-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the article is to explore trade unions’ use of Internet and social media in communicating with members and to understand membership in the digital era. A point of departure is that new forms of relationships between individuals and organizations are on the rise as our present societies become more digitalized, which has changed how citizens interact, mobilize, and organize. Digitalization has been discussed as a driving factor behind membership decline and disengagement, but also as an opportunity to revitalize the labor movement. Drawing on theories on social movements, interest groups, and civil society organizations the article adopts a multi-dimensional perspective that understands membership as participation, resource, representativeness, and identity. It presents results from a qualitative study of two Swedish trade unions. The empirical data consists of documentation from websites and social media complemented by interviews with employees with knowledge about the unions’ Internet and social media communication. The results show that Swedish unions do not seem to be adapting to new technologies, rather using them as opportunities for strengthening and reviving membership without re-formulating its premises.
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| 683988. |
- Scaramuzzino, Gabriella
(författare)
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Shrinking or expanding access to civic space? : The consequences of hate speech, threats and harassment within Swedish civil society
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Civil Society. - 1744-8689. ; 19:4, s. 419-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has focused on how governments and public authorities can limit civil society organisations’ (CSOs) autonomy by shrinking their operational civic space and their democratic functions. There has been less attention paid to how other external actors and types of pressure might restrict access to civic space and how it can induce coping responses on both an individual and organizational level. This article draws on an interview study with representatives, employees and volunteers in Swedish CSOs and focuses on their strategies on coping with hate speech, threats and harassment or the perceived risk thereof and explores if and how the fear of being subjected to hate speech, threats and harassment restricts civil society actors in their autonomy and affects their democratic functions. Results show that there is a tendency towards withdrawal from public debates by making themselves more anonymous and less accessible, by depoliticizing contentious issues and by disrupting the chain of representation. These coping responses are problematic, as they limit civil society’s ability to act as an independent and critical voice, but the personal costs for being visible in the public sphere are often considered too high.
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| 683989. |
- Scaramuzzino, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Socialarbetares protester genom nätverk på sociala medier
- 2019
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Ingår i: Socionomens forskningssupplement. - 0283-1929. ; 45:1, s. 4-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Socialarbetare har under senare decennier ofta beskrivits som ”lojala, lydiga och tysta” men det finns skäl att nyansera den bilden. Bortsett från att socialarbetare organiserar sig kollektivt genom främst tre fackförbund har det skapats nätverk som fungerar som en kollektiv röst för socialarbetare som är aktiva på sociala medier. Denna artikel handlar om vilka frågor dessa nätverk driver, vilka funktioner nätverken fyller och hur de förhåller sig till de etablerade fackförbunden. Artikeln baseras på en netnografisk studie med observationer på sociala medier och intervjuer med representanter för tre nätverk. Begreppen sorti, protest och lojalitet används för att förstå de strategier socialarbetare använder för att hantera sin arbetssituation och främst valet att protestera genom olika nätverk. Studien visar att fackförbunden inte anses vara tillräckligt starka röstbärare. Nätverken använder sociala medier för att bryta den tystnadskultur som de anser råder inom socialt arbete och för att få en förändrad personalpolitik, socialpolitik och migrationspolitik. De kan därmed också sägas agera som välfärdens väktare.
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| 683990. |
- Scaramuzzino, Gabriella, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish social workers’ experiences of technostress
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Social Work Research. - 2156-857X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the factors explaining whether or not Swedish social workers experience technostress, and highlights examples of situations when social workers experience it. The article draws on a web survey (N = 523) via a quantitative analysis of responses and a qualitative analysis of answers to an open-ended question. Approximately one-third of social workers surveyed experienced technostress either often or quite often. The binary logistic regression analysis shows that technostress is mostly a question of social workers already exposed to high workloads and high levels of general job stress. Also, the feeling of not being able to leave the job at the end of the day correlates positively with technostress. Malfunctioning technology, duplication of work, email ‘bombs’, information overload, and the fact that technology tends to set the terms of the social work, instead of the opposite, were some of the examples of situations where Swedish social workers experienced technostress. These results suggest that technology risks add new ‘invisible’ work tasks that are time-consuming. One possible explanation why so many social workers experienced technostress is that the technology that has been implemented has increased the workload instead of decreasing it and that there is a lack of procedures, strategies, and sometimes even skills to manage the technology. The results provide useful insights for social work practice concerning how social workers experience technostress. Going forward, technostress as a working environment problem should be included in systematic management of the work environment.
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