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Sökning: WAKA:rap

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91.
  • Abate, Megersa, 1980- (författare)
  • Does fuel price affect trucking industry’s network characteristics? : evidence from Denmark
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    •  The 2000s were dominated by rising fuel prices and economic recession. Both had an impact on the structure of the trucking industry and how freight was moved. This paper examines how fuel prices shaped trucking industry’s network characteristics such as the average length of haul, average load, and capacity utilization. In particular, we show the effect of fuel price on average length of haul using 29 quarterly independent surveys from the Danish heavy goods vehicle (HGV) trip diary from 2004 to 2011. The results show that the average length of haul is sensitive to changes in fuel price: a DKK 1 (0.18$) increase in diesel price/liter leads to a 4 percent decrease in the average length of haul in the 2004-2007 period. This implies that firms improve transport efficiency by reducing the number of kilometers needed to transport a tonne of cargo as a short run response to fuel price increases. This result, however, is not confirmed for the years following the 2008 financial crisis. It also depends on where in the distribution of the average length of haul one looks.
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92.
  • Abate, Megersa, 1980- (författare)
  • Economic effects of air transport market liberalization in Africa
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Although the aviation industry is increasingly becoming important for Africa's economic development and integration, the ability of airlines to access foreign markets remains hindered by restrictive regulatory policies. Attempts have been made to fully liberalize the intra-African air transport market. Except for general assertions about the merits/demerits of liberalization, our empirical understanding of the welfare effects of such polices in Africa remains rudimentary. This study empirically measures the economic effects of air transport liberalization, mainly on two supply side variables: fare and service quality, measured as departure frequency. The results show up to 40 % increase in departure frequency in routes that experienced some type of liberalization compared to those governed by restrictive bilateral air service agreements. While the effect of liberalization is substantial in improving service quality, there is no evidence of its fare reducing effect.
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93.
  • Abate, Megersa, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Joint econometric models of freight transport chain and shipment size choice
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In freight transportation, decisions regarding the choice of transport mode (or chains of modes) and shipment size are closely linked. Building on this basic insight, in this paper we estimate and review various joint econometric models using the Swedish National Commodity Flow surveys. Robust parameter estimates from this exercise will be used to update the current deterministic Swedish national freight model system (the SAMGODS model) to a stochastic one.
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94.
  • Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • ASPLe : a methodology to develop self-adaptive software systems with reuse
  • 2017
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Advances in computing technologies are pushing software systems and their operating environments to become more dynamic and complex. The growing complexity of software systems coupled with uncertainties induced by runtime variations leads to challenges in software analysis and design. Self-Adaptive Software Systems (SASS) have been proposed as a solution to address design time complexity and uncertainty by adapting software systems at runtime. A vast body of knowledge on engineering self-adaptive software systems has been established. However, to the best of our knowledge, no or little work has considered systematic reuse of this knowledge. To that end, this study contributes an Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe) methodology. The ASPLe is based on a multi-product lines strategy which leverages systematic reuse through separation of application and adaptation logic. It provides developers with repeatable process support to design and develop self-adaptive software systems with reuse across several application domains. The methodology is composed of three core processes, and each process is organized for requirements, design, implementation, and testing activities. To exemplify and demonstrate the use of the ASPLe methodology, three application domains are used as running examples throughout the report.
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95.
  • Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Towards Autonomic Software Product Lines (ASPL) - A Technical Report
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This report describes a work in progress to develop Autonomic Software Product Lines (ASPL). The ASPL is a dynamic software product line approach with a novel variability handling mechanism that enables traditional software product lines to adapt themselves at runtime in response to changes in their context, requirements and business goals. The ASPL variability mechanism is composed of three key activities: 1) context-profiling, 2) context-aware composition, and 3) online learning. Context-profiling is an offline activity that prepares a knowledge base for context-aware composition. The context-aware composition uses the knowledge base to derive a new product or adapts an existing product based on a product line's context attributes and goals. The online learning optimizes the knowledge base to remove errors and suboptimal information and to incorporate new knowledge. The three activities together form a simple yet powerful variability handling mechanism that learns and adapts a system at runtime in response to changes in system context and goals. We evaluated the ASPL variability mechanism on three small-scale software product lines and got promising results. The ASPL approach is, however, is yet at an initial stage and require improved development support with more rigorous evaluation. 
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96.
  • Abbas, Qaisar, et al. (författare)
  • A weak boundary procedure for high order finite difference approximations of hyperbolic problems
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We introduce a new weak boundary procedures for high order finite difference operators on summation-by-parts type applied to hyperbolic problems. The boundary procedure is applied in an extended domain where data is known. We show how to raise the order of accuracy for a diagonal norm based approximation and how to modify the spectrum of the resulting operator to get a faster convergence to steady-state. Furthermore, we also show how to construct better non-reflecting properties at the boundaries using the above procedure. Numerical results that corroborate the analysis are presented.
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