| 6801. |
- Hugo, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Between motivation and unwillingness : Young people in outpatient treatment for substance use problems
- 2021
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Ingår i: Youth Voice Journal. - : RJ4All Publications. - 2049-2073 .- 2056-2969. ; 11, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the meaning of motivation among young people in outpatient care for substance use problems. Semi structured interviews with 21 youth aged 15-21 years were conducted and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that young people’s motivations for contacting a clinic and addressing their drug use problems can be intrinsic, extrinsic, or a combination of both. Most young people in the study expressed ambivalence about changing their drug use. Several of them described an internalisation process in which, while the impetus may initially come from others, such as parents and friends, they gradually express a personal desire to change. An important implication is that young people’s motivation can be enhanced via trusting relationships with therapists. The study concludes that motivation is complex phenomena in which young people with substance use problems oscillate between being motivated and unmotivated or find themselves in more than one position, sometimes simultaneously, in a socially mediated process.
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| 6802. |
- Hugo, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Education as habilitation : Empirical examples from an adjusted education in Sweden for students with high-functioning autism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Andragogic Perspectives. - : Univerza v Ljubljani. - 1318-5160 .- 2350-4188. ; 23:3, s. 71-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article draws upon findings from an educational program in Information Technology for young adults associated with high-functioning autism. The aim of the program was to make the students employable. Data was collected through participant observation and research interviews. Of the twelve students who completed their education, five had made transitions to employment and three held internship places. Because of this training and the adaptations that were made within the educational program, the well-being of the students improved, and their need for home support and medication decreased. Important adjustments included the provision of individual work places, the clear structure of the work that was to be performed, and the creation of an environment where the students were seen, acknowledged, and understood.
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| 6803. |
- Hugo, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Folkhögskolans stödjande roll vid psykisk ohälsa : Ett deltagarperspektiv
- 2022
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syftet med den här forskningsrapporten är att beskriva hur folkhögskolans livskunskapskurser kan hjälpa deltagare med långvarig psykisk ohälsa till återhämtning, rehabilitering och habilitering. Studiens datainsamling omfattar nio dagars deltagande observation i kurserna på folkhögskolan kombinerat med tolv semistrukturerade livsvärldsintervjuer och fyra fokusgruppsamtal. Totalt ingår 22 deltagare, sex lärare och rektor på folkhögskolan. I resultatet beskrivs nio teman: (i) Varför är jag här?; (ii) Ett meningsfullt socialt sammanhang; (iii) Rutiner och struktur i tillvaron; (iv) Att fungera bättre i vardagen; (v) Självmedvetenhet genom kommunikationsmodeller; (vi) Skapande som rehabilitering; (vii) Vidgade möjlighetshorisonter; (viii) Saker som kan förbättras i utbildningarna enligt deltagarna; (ix) Lärarnas och rektors pedagogiska utgångspunkter.Slutsatsen är att folkhögskolan bidrar till ett begripligt, hanterbart och meningsfullt socialt sammanhang och att livskunskapskurserna hjälper deltagarna att fungera bättre i vardagen och tillsammans med andra. Genom kursinslag, som tillexempel att lära sig själv medkänsla och Nonviolent communication – en kommunikationsmodell, beskriver deltagarna att de blir mer medvetna om sig själva och sin omgivning. Kursdeltagarna berättar att livskunskapskurserna har ökat deras välbefinnande i nuet och att de har fått ett framtidshopp. Vi kan se att deltagarnas negativa uppfattningar om sig själva minskar i folkhögskolans trygga miljö och i hemmet. Vad gäller att fungera i andra miljöer utanför folkhögskolan så beskriver deltagarna en avsaknad av möjligheter. Det finns en önskan hos deltagare att få möjlighet att till exempel arbetsträna eller arbeta med något projekt utanför folkhögskolan. Lärarna beskriver att det viktigaste i kurserna är att utgå ifrån deltagarnas individuella behov. Detta beskrivs vara ganska svårt eftersom det idag är betydligt vanligare att deltagare har flera olika svårigheter att hantera. Exempel på detta är att en stor andel av deltagarna har neuropsykiatriska diagnoser, social fobi, utmattningssyndrom och depressioner. Det viktigaste enligt lärarna initialt är att lyckas forma deltagargrupper där alla accepterar varandra och upplever sig trygga.
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| 6804. |
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| 6805. |
- Hugo, Martin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusion through folk high school in Sweden – the experience of young adult students with high-functioning autism
- 2021
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 43:19, s. 2805-2814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose:The purpose of this study is to provide a description of the learning environment at Folk High School for participants with high-functioning autism and to examine their learning experience at Folk High School.Methods:A qualitative interview study was conducted with 21 participants who were enrolled at Folk High School which had been adapted to suit young adults with high-functioning autism. The interviews were analysed by means of a thematic content analysis which resulted in the identification of 6 themes related to learning experiences at Folk High School.Results:The participants enjoyed themselves and felt secure at Folk High School. They felt that they and their academic endeavours were suitably recognised, acknowledged, and understood. They reported that the teaching was suitably adapted for them and they felt that they could succeed in their studies. A frequent report that they made concerned their experience of clear structures in the teaching process and its predictability. The participants stated that Folk High School has the ability to satisfy each participant's needs, which entailed lower levels of perceived stress than what they had experienced in their previous schooling. The participants experienced personal development during their time at Folk High School.Conclusions:Folk High School, and its special character, is able to successfully satisfy the needs of participants with high-functioning autism. Many of the participants, for the first time in their lives, experienced a sense of inclusion in an educational system and felt that they could succeed in their studies. However, there exists a risk that they become institutionalised, which entails that the participants function well primarily in Folk High School's safe and caring environment.Implications for rehabilitationA supportive environment including both formal and social learning is paramount for people with high-functioning autism.Individually adapted teaching that is structured and predictable improve the conditions under which they can focus on their studies and enjoy academic success.The teachers' relational competence and ability to show interest in each individual are crucial.Social- and special-pedagogic competencies need to co-exist so as to improve learning conditions.Internship/workplace training can provide an important social learning experience for participants, as they learn about themselves and others and as they develop their social competence.To practice living on one's own is a significant challenge, but it can create opportunities to learn about one?s self and to develop a sense of responsibility and other social skills.
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| 6806. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Caries prevalence and distribution in 20-80-year-olds in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1973, 1983, and 1993
- 2000
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Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 28:2, s. 90-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1973, a cross-sectional study on oral health status was performed on 1000 individuals in the age groups 3-70 years in Jönköping, Sweden. In 1983 and 1993, new cross-sectional studies were carried out in the age groups 3-80 years. The aim of the present study was to analyze caries prevalence and distribution in the three investigations 1973, 1983, and 1993 in the age groups 20-80 years. In the younger age groups (20-40 years), a larger proportion of individuals with good oral health was found in 1993 than in 1973 or 1983. A steady increase in the number of teeth in the age groups 40-80 years could be found, which was also reflected in the increasing number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces (DFS) in the same age groups. A marked decrease in proximal DFS in 20-50-year-olds in 1993 compared to 1973 and 1983 was found. However, a rather large and unchanging group of individuals suffering from severe caries was also observed. This situation demands an individualized caries treatment strategy based on risk assessment.
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| 6807. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Caries prevalence and distribution in 3-20-year-olds in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1973, 1978, 1983, and 1993.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 28:2, s. 83-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four cross-sectional studies were carried out in 1973, 1978, 1983, and 1993 to collect clinical and radiographic epidemiological data on the dental health status of the inhabitants of Jönköping, Sweden. The aim of the present paper was to use these data to analyze trends in the development of caries among children and adolescents between 1973 and 1993. Approximately 500 randomly selected individuals evenly distributed among the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years participated in each study. The main results show that the numbers of caries-free individuals increased in all age groups. In 1993, the mean number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces in the primary (dfs) and the permanent (DFS) dentition in all age groups was less than half of that found in 1973. Most of this decrease took place during the first 5 years, i.e., between 1973 and 1978. Between 1978 and 1983, only minor changes were observed. There was a further reduction of approximately 30%-50% in dfs/DFS between 1983 and 1993 in 3-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year-olds. The frequency distributions of dfs/DFS for 5- and 15-year-olds revealed an increasing skewness over time: in 1993, a large majority of the children and adolescents had a low or moderate caries severity while only a small group had high scores of dfs/DFS.
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| 6808. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Caries prevalence and distribution in individuals aged 3-20 years in Jönköping, Sweden, over a 30-year period (1973-2003)
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. - 0960-7439 .- 1365-263X. ; 18:1, s. 18-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oral health status of individuals aged 3-80 years in the city of Jönköping, Sweden, has been assessed in a series of epidemiological studies over a 30-year period. AIM: To analyse the changes in caries prevalence and caries distribution in child population sample groups, based on studies performed in 1973, 1978, 1983, 1993, and 2003. DESIGN: Each time point included 500 randomly sampled individuals, divided into age groups of 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Results. Thirty-five per cent of 3-year-olds were caries free in 1973, compared with 69% 30 years later. Decayed and filled primary (dfs) and permanent surfaces (DFS) were reduced by 50-80% between 1973 and 2003. Adolescents aged 10 and 15 years exhibited the most pronounced reduction in DFS on the occlusal surfaces. By 2003, 90% of the proximal carious lesions in 15-year-olds were initial carious lesions. In 2003, about 60% of 15-year-olds had a DFS of < or = 5, while about 7% exhibited a DFS of > or = 26. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the dramatic decline in the prevalence of caries, caries remains a health problem among children, particularly those of preschool age. Continuous epidemiological studies are recommended to evaluate preventive measures.
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| 6809. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Dental caries in relation to smoking and the use of Swedish snus: epidemiological studies covering 20 years (1983-2003)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 70:4, s. 289-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate some intra-oral caries-associated variables and tobacco use on dental caries. Materials and methods. The participants were randomly recruited from three cross-sectional studies in Jonkoping, Sweden, in 1983, 1993 and 2003. Each study consisted of 130 individuals in each of the 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70-year age groups. Of these, 550, 552 and 523 dentate individuals attended respective year of examination. They were all examined both clinically and radiographically. A questionnaire was completed in conjunction with the examination. In the studies, 345 were smokers, 104 snus users and 1142 non-tobacco users, in total 1591 individuals. Results. In 1983 and 1993, there were no significant differences in mean DFS between non-users and smokers, but a statistically significantly higher mean DFS in comparison with snus users. In 2003, there was no statistically significant difference in mean DFS between the groups. Multiple regressions showed that, after adjusting for age, gender and socio-demographic variables, there was a statistically significant association between DFS and smoking in 1983 (smoking excluded in favour of lactobacilli when further analysed) and DFS and plaque index (PLI) in 1993. In 2003, there was no association, apart from buffer capacity (Power rising) between DFS and the examined intra-oral caries-associated variables and tobacco use. Conclusions. The results of these epidemiological studies, performed in 1993 and 2003, indicate that daily smoking or snus use does not increase the risk of dental caries.
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| 6810. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of periodontal disease in a Swedish adult population 1973, 1983 and 1993
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 25:7, s. 542-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare changes in periodontal status in a Swedish poplation over a period of 20 years. Cross-sectional studies were carried out in Jönköping County in 1973, 1983, and 1993. Individuals were randomly selected from the following age groups: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. A total of 600 individuals were examined in 1973, 597 in 1983, and 584 in 1993. The number of dentate individuals was 537 in 1973, 550 in 1983, and 552 in 1993. Based on clinical data and full mouth intra-oral radiographs, all individuals were classified into 5 groups according to the severity of the periodontal disease experience. Individuals were classified as having a healthy periodontium (group 1), gingivitis without signs of alveolar bone loss (group 2), moderate alveolar bone loss not exceeding 1/3 of the normal alveolar bone height (group 3), severe alveolar bone loss ranging between 1/3 and 2/3 of the normal alveolar bone height (group 4), or alveolar bone loss exceeding 2/3 of the normal bone height and angular bony defects and/or furcation defects (group 5). During these 20 years, the number of individuals in groups 1 and 2 increased from 49% in 1973 to 60% in 1993. In addition, there was a decrease in the number of individuals in group 3, the group with moderate periodontal bone loss. Groups 4 and 5 comprised 13% of the population and showed no change in general between 1983 and 1993. The individuals comprising these groups in 1993, however, had more teeth than those who comprised these groups in 1983; on the average, the individuals in disease group 4 had 4 more teeth and those in disease group 5, 2 more teeth per subject. In 1973, these 2 groups were considerably smaller, probably because of wider indications for tooth extractions and fewer possibilities for periodontal care which meant that many of these individuals had become edentulous and were not placed in a group. Individuals in groups 3, 4, and 5 were subdivided according to the number of surfaces (%) with gingivitis and periodontal pockets (≥4 mm). In 1993, 20%, 42%, and 67% of the individuals in groups 3, 4, and 5 respectively were classified as diseased and in need of periodontal therapy with >20% bleeding sites and >10% sites with periodontal pockets ≥4 mm. In conclusion, an increase in the number of individuals with no marginal bone loss and a decrease in the number of individuals with moderate alveolar bone loss can be seen. The prevalence of individuals in the severe periodontal disease groups (4, 5) was unchanged during the last 10 years; however, the number of teeth per subject increased.
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