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| 282. |
- Masip, G., et al.
(author)
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The temporal relationship between parental concern of overeating and childhood obesity considering genetic susceptibility: longitudinal results from the IDEFICS/I.Family study
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 18:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Many genes and molecular pathways are associated with obesity, but the mechanisms from genes to obesity are less well known. Eating behaviors represent a plausible pathway, but because the relationships of eating behaviors and obesity may be bi-directional, it remains challenging to resolve the underlying pathways. A longitudinal approach is needed to assess the contribution of genetic risk during the development of obesity in childhood. In this study we aim to examine the relationships between the polygenic risk score for body mass index (PRS-BMI), parental concern of overeating and obesity indices during childhood. Methods: The IDEFICS/I.Family study is a school-based multicenter pan-European cohort of children observed for 6 years (mean +/- SD follow-up 5.8 +/- 0.4). Children examined in 2007/2008 (wave 1) (mean +/- SD age: 4.4 +/- 1.1, range: 2-9 years), in 2009/2010 (wave 2) and in 2013/2014 (wave 3) were included. A total of 5112 children (49% girls) participated at waves 1, 2 and 3. For 2656 children with genome-wide data we constructed a PRS based on 2.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Z-score BMI and z-score waist circumference (WC) were assessed and eating behaviors and relevant confounders were reported by parents via questionnaires. Parental concern of overeating was derived from principal component analyses from an eating behavior questionnaire. Results: In cross-lagged models, the prospective associations between z-score obesity indices and parental concern of overeating were bi-directional. In mediation models, the association between the PRS-BMI and parental concern of overeating at wave 3 was mediated by baseline z-BMI (beta = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.21) and baseline z-WC (beta = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.23). To a lesser extent, baseline parental concern of overeating also mediated the association between the PRS-BMI and z-BMI at wave 3 (beta = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.13) and z-WC at wave 3 (beta = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.12). Conclusions: The findings suggest that the prospective associations between obesity indices and parental concern of overeating are likely bi-directional, but obesity indices have a stronger association with future parental concern of overeating than vice versa. The findings suggest parental concern of overeating as a possible mediator in the genetic susceptibility to obesity and further highlight that other pathways are also involved. A better understanding of the genetic pathways that lead to childhood obesity can help to prevent weight gain.
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| 284. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Alcoholic beverages and incidence of dementia: 34-year follow-up of the prospective population study of women in Goteborg.
- 2008
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In: American journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1476-6256 .- 0002-9262. ; 167:6, s. 684-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to assess the association between different types of alcoholic beverages and 34-year incidence of dementia. Among a random sample of 1,462 women aged 38-60 years and living in Göteborg, Sweden, in 1968-1969, 164 cases of dementia were diagnosed by 2002. At baseline as well as in 1974-1975, 1980-1981, and 1992-1993, the frequency of alcohol intake, as well as other lifestyle and health factors, was recorded and related to dementia with Cox proportional hazard regression, by use of both baseline and updated covariates. Wine was protective for dementia (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4, 0.8) in the updated model, and the association was strongest among women who consumed wine only (HR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8). After stratification by smoking, the protective association of wine was stronger among smokers. In contrast, consumption of spirits at baseline was associated with slightly increased risk of dementia (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.2). Results show that wine and spirits displayed opposing associations with dementia. Because a protective effect was not seen for the other beverages, at least part of the association for wine may be explained by components other than ethanol.
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| 285. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Associations between alcohol and liver enzymes are modified by coffee, cigarettes, and overweight in a Swedish female population.
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 57:3, s. 319-324
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To examine whether positive associations between alcohol and liver enzymes were modified by coffee consumption, smoking, or weight status in a female population. Regular consumption of beer, wine, and spirits was assessed in a representative cohort of 1462 Swedish women aged 38-60 in 1968, and re-assessed in 1974. In 1980, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartase transaminase (AST) were measured in 1130 women. Exposures were averaged over values obtained in 1968 and 1974. Multivariable linear regression linked total ethanol intake to log-transformed enzyme values, including interactions by coffee, smoking, and overweight in mutually adjusted models.Coffee consumption significantly modified the association between ethanol intake and liver enzymes. One g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 5.5 (3.5, 7.5)% higher values of GGT, and 1.2 (0.4, 2.1)% higher values of AST in women consuming 0-1 cups of coffee per day, while smaller or no effects were observed in women consuming ≥2 cups/day. Synergistic interactions were observed for ethanol and smoking, and for ethanol and overweight. Average alcohol-related effects on GGT in smokers and non-smokers were given by 3.8 (2.7, 4.9)% and 2.1 (0.9, 3.2)% per g ethanol/day, and by 0.9 (0.4, 1.4)% and 0.2 (-0.3, 0.7)% for AST. Similarly, in overweight women, 1g/day higher ethanol intake was associated with 4.3 (3.0, 5.6)% higher GGT compared to 1.6 (0.7, 2.5)% in non-overweight women.The results suggest that coffee consumption reduces the enzyme-raising effect of ethanol in the presence of synergistic interactions with smoking and overweight, specifically in women.
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| 286. |
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| 287. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(author)
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CETP TaqIB genotype modifies the association between alcohol and coronary heart disease: The INTERGENE case-control study
- 2014
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In: Alcohol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0741-8329. ; 48:7, s. 695-700
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alcohol consumption at moderate levels has been associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the cardio-protective effect of alcohol may be restricted to subjects with a particular genotype of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism. There is evidence for this from one study in men, but the finding has not been confirmed since. The present study specifically re-examines the potential modification of the association between alcohol consumption and CHD by the CETP TaqIB (rs708272) polymorphism in a sample including both men and women. The INTERGENE case-control study consists of 618 patients with CHD and 2921 control subjects, of whom 19% were homozygous for the CETP TaqIB B2 allele. Alcohol consumption was categorized into sex-specific tertiles of ethanol intake, with non-drinkers constituting a separate category. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between CHD with genotype, ethanol intake, and their interaction. Participants with intermediate ethanol intake (2nd tertile) had lower risk of CHD than those with low ethanol intake (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.50-0.85). The strongest protective association was seen in the CETP TaqIB B2 homozygotes for intermediate vs. low ethanol intake (odds ratio OR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.10-0.44). The interaction between ethanol intake and genotype was statistically significant (p = 0.008), and of similar size in men and women though significant only in men (p = 0.01). The effect modification could not be explained by differences in lifestyle, socioeconomics, or alcohol-related biological variables such as HDL-cholesterol. Our study is the first to replicate previous findings of an effect modification in men. It gives only suggestive results for women, possibly due to the small number of female cases (n = 165). The prevented fraction for the favorable combination of genotype and alcohol consumption is about 6%, a value suggesting that the cardio-protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption applies only to a small segment of the general population. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 288. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Children's propensity to consume sugar and fat predicts regular alcohol consumption in adolescence.
- 2018
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In: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 21:17, s. 3202-3209
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigated the association between sugar and fat intake in childhood in relation to alcohol use in adolescence. We hypothesized that early exposure to diets high in fat and sugar may affect ingestive behaviours later in life, including alcohol use.Design/Setting/SubjectsChildren from the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort study were examined at ages 5-9 years and followed up at ages 11-16 years. FFQ were completed by parents on behalf of children, and later by adolescents themselves. Complete data were available in 2263 participants. Children's propensities to consume foods high in fat and sugar were calculated and dichotomized at median values. Adolescents' use of alcohol was classified as at least weekly v. less frequent use. Log-binomial regression linked sugar and fat consumption in childhood to risk of alcohol use in adolescence, adjusted for relevant covariates.Five per cent of adolescents reported weekly alcohol consumption. Children with high propensity to consume sugar and fat were at greater risk of later alcohol use, compared with children with low fat and low sugar propensity (relative risk=2·46; 95 % CI 1·47, 4·12), independent of age, sex and survey country. The association was not explained by parental income and education, strict parenting style or child's health-related quality of life and was only partly mediated by sustained consumption of sugar and fat into adolescence.Frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar in childhood predicted regular use of alcohol in adolescence.
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| 289. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Cohort Profile: The INTERGENE Study.
- 2017
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In: International journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 46:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2001, the INTERGENE research programme established a population-based cohort of 3614 adults living in south-western Sweden. The aim was to assess environmental, lifestyle and hereditary risk factors for cardio-metabolic and respiratory diseases, and to document secular changes in many of these characteristics. Because the focus is on coronary heart disease (CHD), the population cohort was complemented with 618 patients with acute or chronic CHD who were sampled during the examination period for the cohort (2001–04), following the same protocol. More than 800 variables describe lifestyle and socio-demographic characteristics from questionnaires, anthropometric characteristics from physical examinations, and biomarkers from blood sampled during the examination. Additional blood samples and extracted DNA are stored in biobanks. Data from the case-control study of CHD were used to investigate associations between common risk factors (overweight, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour) and different candidate genes with respect to CHD, and explore interactions. In addition, a biomarker for airway inflammation (Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide, FENO) was investigated as a risk factor for respiratory disease, and collaboration was established with international consortia to identify genes related to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. An update of registry information on cohort members from hospitals, general practitioners and pharmacies provides a wide spectrum of incident diagnoses and treatments between 2001 and 2014. A recently completed longitudinal follow-up of the baseline cohort will provide a further measurement point to describe changing cardiovascular risk factors in south-west Sweden. Participation at baseline was 42%, and 61% of these participated at the follow-up.
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| 290. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the impact of mental and work-related stress on sick leave among middle-aged women: observations from the population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- 2024
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In: Scandinavian journal of primary health care. - 1502-7724. ; , s. 1-10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To investigate whether mental and work-related stress predicts a one-year incidence of sick leave in a cohort of middle-aged working women.The 2016/17 survey was part of the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg, Sweden, with registry data information on sick leave during one year pre- and post-baseline.A cohort of women aged 38 and 50 in 2016/17 (n=573; 68% participation), of which 504 women were gainfully employed and not on sick leave ± 2weeks around baseline examination; 493 women had complete data on stress exposure.We studied associations between self-assessed mental and work-related stress and incident sick leave of >14days during the year following the baseline examination. We used multiple logistic regression, adjusting for age and previous sick leave, and additionally for sleep quality, well-being, and physical activity.Overall, 75 women (16%) experienced at least one period of sick leave after baseline. Permanent stress during the last five years almost tripled the risk for incident sick leave, OR = 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-6.3), independent of previous sick leave, OR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-4.2). Among 21 specific work-related problems, conflicts at work, OR = 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.6), and low decision latitude, OR = 1.7 (95% CI 1.0-2.9), were associated with incident sick leave. The association with conflicts at work remained upon further covariate adjustment.Low decision latitude and conflicts at work are risk factors for incident sick leave among working women. The impact of conflicts at work, irrespective of own involvement, may indicate a specific vulnerability among women of interest for future interventions.
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