| 540441. |
- Lesjak, F., et al.
(författare)
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Retrieval of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-43b with CRIRES
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurately estimating the C/O ratio of hot Jupiter atmospheres is a promising pathway towards understanding planet formation and migration, as well as the formation of clouds and the overall atmospheric composition. The atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b has been extensively analysed using low-resolution observations with HST and Spitzer, but these previous observations did not cover the K band, which hosts prominent spectral features of major carbon-bearing species such as CO and CH4. As a result, the ability to establish precise constraints on the C/O ratio was limited. Moreover, the planet has not been studied at high spectral resolution, which can provide insights into the atmospheric dynamics. In this study, we present the first high-resolution dayside spectra of WASP-43b with the new CRIRES+ spectrograph. By observing the planet in the K band, we successfully detected the presence of CO and provide evidence for the existence of H2O using the cross-correlation method. This discovery represents the first direct detection of CO in the atmosphere of WASP-43b. Furthermore, we retrieved the temperature-pressure profile, abundances of CO and H2O, and a super-solar C/O ratio of 0.78 by applying a Bayesian retrieval framework to the data. Our findings also shed light on the atmospheric characteristics of WASP-43b. We found no evidence for a cloud deck on the dayside, and recovered a line broadening indicative of an equatorial super-rotation corresponding to a jet with a wind speed of similar to 5kms(-1), matching the results of previous forward models and low-resolution atmospheric retrievals for this planet.
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| 540442. |
- Lesjø, Jon Helge, et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of influence : relationship with the IOC as seen by the organisers of the Youth Olympic Winter Games 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. - Geneva : Inderscience Publishers. - 1475-8962 .- 1740-2808. ; 17:4-6, s. 331-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) resembles the Olympic Games in many ways but it has its own identity and characteristics. In this article, we analyse patterns of influence between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and local organisers prior to the YOG 2016. The findings show that these patterns vary over time and between different areas of governance and management. The IOC in general follows event organisers rather losely through detailed manuals, routines of communications, and reports. According to local organisers, this model of governance fits big events such as the Olympics better than smaller events such as YOG. Through time and processes characterised by 'negotiated trust' however, local organisers gained more autonomy. This case shows that hosts can gain power through the control and trust mechanism and realise local projects.
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| 540443. |
- Leskauskas, Darius, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Reported Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-behind Children in Lithuania
- 2020
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Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - : SPRINGER. - 1874-897X .- 1874-8988. ; 13, s. 1203-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The migration makes an influence on childrens mental health and behaviors. However, the majority of studies investigate the families and people in migration rather than left-behind groups in their home countries. OBJECTIVE: to assess the possible impact of parents migration on emotional and behavioral problems of their left-behind children. The study comprised 10-19-year-old adolescents from five urban secondary schools (n = 1292). The cross-sectional study was conducted in Kaunas city (Lithuania). Main measures were self-reported scales - Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as well as items on subjective perceptions and feelings towards the change of relationship with a missing parent due to migration or divorce. Findings show that left-behind children report more risky behaviors and emotional problems, they tend more to feel unloved (OR = 2.34, p amp;lt; 0.05), longing for missing parent (OR = 4.72, p amp;lt; 0.05), contemplating suicide or self-injuring behavior (OR = 3.92, p amp;lt; 0.05). Emotional and behavioral problems are more prevalent among 15-19-year-old male adolescents (OR = 1.71, p amp;lt; 0.05). The left-behind children report more emotional and behavioral problems compared to the children from divorced families. The findings suggest that parental migration has specific negative effects on left-behind childrens emotional state and behaviors.
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| 540444. |
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| 540445. |
- Leske, M. Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ophthalmology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1549-4713 .- 0161-6420. ; 114:11, s. 1965-1972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To determine progression factors at the end of the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) based on all EMGT patients and evaluate separately patients with higher and lower baseline intraocular pressure (IOP; median split). Design: Cohort of clinical trial participants. Participants: Patients with early open-angle glaucoma randomized to argon laser trabeculoplasty plus betaxolol (n = 129) or no immediate treatment (n = 126), examined every 3 months for up to 11 years. Methods: Cox proportional hazard analyses, expressed by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls). Main Outcome Measure: Time to progression, defined by perimetric and photographic disc criteria. Results: Overall progression was 67% when follow-up ended (median, 8 years). Treatment approximately halved progression risk (HR, 0.53; 95% Cl, 0.39-0.72); results were similar for patients with higher and lower baseline IOP (HRs, 0.41 and 0.55). Baseline progression factors (HRs, 1.51-2.12; P<0.01) were higher IOP, exfoliation, bilateral disease, and older age, as previously reported. New baseline predictors were lower ocular systolic perfusion pressure in all patients (<= 160 mmHg; HR, 1.42; 95% Cl, 1.04-1.94), cardiovascular disease history (HR, 2.75; 95% Cl, 1.44-5.26) in patients with higher baseline IOP, and lower systolic blood pressure (BP) (<= 125 mmHg; HR, 0.46; 95% Cl, 0.21-1.02) in patients with lower baseline IOP. Postbaseline progression factors were IOP levels at follow-up, with 12% to 13% average increase per millimeter of mercury in all patients (HRs, 1.12-1.13 per mmHg higher) and similar results in patients with higher and lower baseline IOP (HRs, 1.15 and 1.13 per mmHg higher). Disc hemorrhages (HR, 1.02; 95% Cl, 1.01-1.03 per percent higher frequency) also predicted progression. Thinner central corneal thickness (CCT) (HR, 1.25; 95% Cl, 1.01-1.55 per 40 mu m lower) was a new significant factor, a result observed in patients with higher baseline IOP (HR, 1.42; 95% Cl, 1.05-1.92 per 40 mu m lower) but not lower baseline IOP, with significant IOP-CCT interaction. Conclusions: Treatment and follow-up IOP continued to have a marked influence on progression, regardless of baseline IOP. Other significant factors were age, bilaterality, exfoliation, and disc hemorrhages, as previously determined. Lower systolic perfusion pressure, lower systolic BP, and cardiovascular disease history emerged as new predictors, suggesting a vascular role in glaucoma progression. Another new factor was thinner CCT, with results possibly indicating a preferential CCT effect with higher IOP. Ophthalmology 2007,114: 1965-1972 (C) 2007 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
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| 540446. |
- Leske, MC, et al.
(författare)
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Factors for glaucoma progression and the effect of treatment - The Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial
- 2003
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Ingår i: Archives of Ophthalmology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-9950. ; 121:1, s. 48-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess factors for progression in the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT), including the effect of EMGT treatment. Setting/Participants: Two hundred fifty-five open-angle glaucoma patients randomized to argon laser trabeculoplasty plus topical betaxolol or no immediate treatment (129 treated; 126 controls) and followed up every 3 months. Methods: Progression was determined by perimetric and photographic optic disc criteria. Patient-based risk of progression was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models and was expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: After 6 years, 53% of patients progressed. In multivariate analyses, progression risk was halved by treatment (HR=0.50; 95% CI, 0.35-0.71). Predictive baseline factors were higher intraocular pressure (IOP) (ie, the higher the baseline IOP, the higher the risk), exfoliation, and having both eyes eligible (each of the latter 2 factors doubled the risk), as well as worse mean deviation and older age. Progression risk decreased by about 10% with each millimeter of mercury of IOP reduction from baseline to the first follow-up visit (HR=0.90 per millimeter of mercury decrease; 95% CI, 0.86-0.94). The first IOP at that visit (3 months' follow-up) was also related to progression (HR=1.11 per millimeter of mercury higher; 95% CI, 1.06-1.17), as was the mean IOP at follow-up (HR=1.13 per millimeter of mercury higher; 95% CI, 1.07-1.19). The percent of patient follow-up visits with disc hemorrhages was also related to progression (HR=1.02 per percent higher; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). No other factors were identified. Conclusions: Patients treated in the EMGT had half of the progression risk of control patients. The magnitude of initial IOP reduction was a major factor influencing outcome. Progression was also increased with higher baseline IOP, exfoliation, bilateral disease, worse mean deviation, and older age, as well as frequent disc hemorrhages during follow-up. Each higher (or lower) millimeter of mercury of IOP on follow-up was associated with an approximate 10% increased (or decreased) risk of progression.
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| 540447. |
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| 540448. |
- Leskela, Hannu-Ville, et al.
(författare)
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Calcification and cellularity in human aortic heart valve tissue determine the differentiation of bone-marrow-derived cells
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8584 .- 0022-2828. ; 41:4, s. 642-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are responsible the remodeling of human tissue. However, damaged aortic valves are lack the ability to regenerate which is an active cell-mediated process. Diseased aortic valve remodeling has similarities even to bone formation. In this study, the prerequisites for cultured MSCs to undergo osteoblastic differentiation on aortic valves were explored. An ex vivo model using a human aortic valve microenvironment was developed. The expression of type I procollagen, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin secretion and osteocalcin immunostaining were studied to evaluate the induction of osteogenesis of the MSCs on noncalcified and calcified human aortic valves. Aortic valves were exposed to freeze-thaw injury to devitalize valves in order to separately study the role of valve matrix vs. endothelial cells in the explants. Thus, valves were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: noncalcified uninjured valves, calcified uninjured valves, noncalcified injured and calcified injured. Finally, valves were decalcified to separately explore the effect of a calcified matrix on the osteogenesis. In this co-culture system, the noncalcified uninjured valves inhibited osteogenesis of MSCs, whereas the calcified valves promoted differentiation towards osteoblastic lineage. Devitalization of the valve matrix inflicted a significant increase in the osteogenesis of co-cultured MSCs. Calcified matrix in the valves seemed to have a role in the spontaneous osteogenesis of the MSCs. This spontaneous matrix induced differentiation of MSCs into osteoblast lineage could not be inhibited by pravastatin, indomethacin or tetracycline. In conclusion, these results suggest that interactions between MSCs and aortic valve matrix components and cells modulate MSC phenotype in this environment. Further studies are required to characterize this interesting phenomenon in greater detail.
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| 540449. |
- Leskela, Hannu-Ville, et al.
(författare)
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Osteoblast recruitment from stem cells does not decrease by age at late adulthood
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2104 .- 0006-291X. ; 311:4, s. 1008-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed to characterize the ability of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro. Twenty-three women and 20 men at late adulthood (52-92 years of age) were selected for the study. MSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, secretion of amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), type III procollagen (PIIINP) and osteocalcin were analyzed. Matrix mineralization was analyzed by the von Kossa staining and by calcium quantification. We found that the ALP and PINP levels compared with control increased to 2.8- and 2.9-fold, respectively, when cells were cultured for three weeks. ALP activity, PINP and calcium deposition in response to dexamethasone treatment increased by age in women and was unchanged in men. Overall our data suggests that the osteogenic potential of MSCs does not decrease by age in either women or men at late adulthood.
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| 540450. |
- Leskelä, Markku, et al.
(författare)
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Exploitation of atomic layer deposition for nanostructured materials
- 2007
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 27:5-8, s. 1504-1508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In making and modifying nanomaterials conformality is a prerequisite for the thin film deposition method. From its principle ALD is an ideal method for coating nanomaterials. In this paper the use of ALD for making nanostructured materials is exemplified by many ways: making of nanolaminates, deposition of thin films inside nanopores, as well as coating of nanofibers and nanorods. The materials deposited by ALD are mostly oxides, nitrides and metals.
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