| 549881. |
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| 549882. |
- Lille, Simon, et al.
(author)
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Experimental study of the fuel jet combustion in high temperature and low oxygen content exhaust gases
- 2005
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 30:2-4, s. 373-384
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) depends oil the heat regenerator efficiency and on the way fuel is mixed with furnace gases. In this work. combustion of a fuel jet of gasol (>95% of propane) was investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out in steady-state conditions using a single jet flame furnace. The jet of fuel was co-axially injected into high temperature exhaust gases generated by means of a gas burner also fired with gasol. Thus. instead of highly preheated and oxygen depleted air, which was normally used by other researches for such studies. this work has used high temperature and low oxygen content exhaust gases as the oxidiser. A water-cooled fuel nozzle was used to control fuel inlet temperature. Influence of the oxygen content in the oxidiser. at temperatures of 860-890 degreesC, on the flame visibility and the reactants composition was investigated. The combustion of gasol in hot flue cyases appeared to be very stable and complete even at very low oxygen concentration. The oxygen concentration in the oxidiser was found to have a substantial effect on flame size, luminosity, colour, visibility and lift-off distance. Reduced oxygen concentration increases the flame size and lift-off distance, and decreases luminosity and visibility. The HiTAC flame first became bluish and then non-visible at sufficiently low concentration of oxygen in the oxidiser. In this work. results are presented for the constant ratio between fuel Jet velocity and velocity of co-flowing flue gases. ThB ratio was equal to 26.
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| 549883. |
- Lilledahl, Magnus B., et al.
(author)
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Combined imaging of oxidative stress and microscopic structure reveals new features in human atherosclerotic plaques
- 2015
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In: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 20:2, s. 020503-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human atherosclerotic samples collected by carotid endarterectomy were investigated using electronic paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) for visualization of reactive oxygen species, and nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) to study structural features. Regions of strong EPRI signal, indicating a higher concentration of reactive oxygen species and increased inflammation, were found to colocalize with regions dense in cholesterol crystals as revealed by NLOM.
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| 549884. |
- Lilledahl, M. B., et al.
(author)
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Extracting quantitative biomechanical parameters for cartilage from second harmonic generation images
- 2011
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In: Progr. Biomed. Opt. Imaging Proc. SPIE. - : SPIE. - 9780819484406
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cartilage from the medial femoral condyle of chicken was sectioned and imaged using second harmonic generation microscopy. Using image analysis techniques based on the Fourier transform we derived quantitative threedimensional data of the fiber direction and dispersion of the collagen fiber network in the superficial layer. These data can be used directly in biomechanical models to enhance the fidelity of these models.
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| 549885. |
- Lilledahl, Magnus B., et al.
(author)
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Structural Analysis of Articular Cartilage Using Multiphoton Microscopy : Input for Biomechanical Modeling
- 2011
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In: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. - 0278-0062 .- 1558-254X. ; 30:9, s. 1635-1648
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 3-D morphology of chicken articular cartilage was quantified using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) for use in continuum-mechanical modeling. To motivate this morphological study we propose aspects of a new, 3-D finite strain constitutive model for articular cartilage focusing on the essential load-bearing morphology: an inhomogeneous, poro-(visco) elastic solid matrix reinforced by an anisotropic, (visco) elastic dispersed fiber fabric which is saturated by an incompressible fluid residing in strain-dependent pores. Samples of fresh chicken cartilage were sectioned in three orthogonal planes and imaged using MPM, specifically imaging the collagen fibers using second harmonic generation. Employing image analysis techniques based on Fourier analysis, we derived the principal directionality and dispersion of the collagen fiber fabric in the superficial layer. In the middle layer, objective thresholding techniques were used to extract the volume fraction occupied by extracellular collagen matrix. In conjunction with information available in the literature, or additional experimental testing, we show how this data can be used to derive a 3-D map of the initial solid volume fraction and Darcy permeability.
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| 549886. |
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| 549887. |
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| 549888. |
- Lillehagen, I, et al.
(author)
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Implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals: How Is Health Framed in the Norwegian and Swedish Voluntary National Review Reports?
- 2022
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In: International journal of health policy and management. - : Maad Rayan Publishing Company. - 2322-5939. ; 11:6, s. 810-819
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are parts of an ambitious framework for global development, the 2030 Agenda. Voluntary national reviews (VNRs) are described as "cornerstones" in the followup system, which is premised on international sharing of knowledge and experience. Norway and Sweden are among the world’s most sustainable countries, aiming to be leaders in the implementation of the SDGs. The objective of this article is to investigate and compare how health is framed in the VNRs of these two high-income countries, and to discuss the implications of these framings for potential actions. Methods: Discourse analysis inspired by the concept of ‘framing,’ which refers to the discursive presentation of an issue where certain problem definitions and solutions are privileged over others. Frames are structures that organise and direct attention to particular aspects of reality, and define what is seen. Results: Our analysis demonstrates that in the Norwegian VNR (NVNR), the issue of health is simplistically framed, focusing on the favourable situation of the majority, thus providing weak grounds for transformative action. In the Swedish VNR (SVNR), health is framed to highlight health as inextricably tied to societal inequalities. This underscores the need for integrated political action and leadership to counteract structural differences with negative consequences for health. Conclusion: Analysis of the two VNRs studied found a difference in how health is framed in these documents and these frames point to differences in approach and capacity to address health inequities and realise the holistic and integrative concept of health promoted in the 2030 Agenda. To realize the Agenda’s vision of "leaving no one behind" discourses of implementation that support the Agenda’s inclusive and holistic ambition must be developed. Further development of the follow-up and review system should acknowledge and address how frames can limit or enable integrative actions and are therefore important drivers of change.
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| 549889. |
- Lillehammer, Hallvard, et al.
(author)
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We Can Believe the Error Theory
- 2015
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In: Ethical Theory and Moral Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-2820 .- 1572-8447. ; 18:3, s. 453-459
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bart Streumer argues that it is not possible for us to believe the error theory, where by 'error theory' he means the claim that our normative beliefs are committed to the existence of normative properties even though such properties do not exist. In this paper, we argue that it is indeed possible to believe the error theory. First, we suggest a critical improvement to Streumer's argument. As it stands, one crucial premise of that argument-that we cannot have a belief while believing that there is no reason to have it-is implausibly strong. We argue that for his purposes, Streumer's argument only requires a weaker premise, namely that we cannot rationally have a belief while believing that there is no reason to have it. Secondly, we go on to refute the improved argument. Even in its weaker form, Streumer's argument is either invalid or the crucial premise should be rejected.
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| 549890. |
- Lillehaug, Sveinung, et al.
(author)
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Brainwide distribution and variance of amyloid-beta deposits in tg-ArcSwe mice
- 2014
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In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 35:3, s. 556-564
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transgenic mice carrying the Arctic (E693G) and Swedish (KM670/6701NL) amyloid-beta precursor protein (A beta PP) develop amyloid-beta (A beta) deposits in the brain that resemble Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Earlier studies of this model have documented morphologic features in selected parts of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but the spatial distribution within the brain and variance of A beta deposits within a group of tg-ArcSwe mice is unknown. Using immunohistochemistry and brainwide microscopic analysis of 12-month-old tg-ArcSwe mice, we show that A beta x-40 plaque deposits are consistently present in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus and variably present in other regions. Using quantitative image analysis, we demonstrated that the average A beta burden in the cortex and hippocampus is similar across animals, with coefficients of variance of 22% and 25%, respectively. This indicates that interventional studies of tg-ArcSwe mice are feasible using region-of-interest comparisons and that interventional trials require larger group sizes than commonly used. We also present an online atlas providing access to images showing the detailed characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of A beta x-40 labeling.
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