| 81. |
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| 82. |
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| 83. |
- Frommhold, Lothar, et al.
(författare)
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Infrared atmospheric emission and absorption by simple molecular complexes, from first principles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Molecular Physics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0026-8976 .- 1362-3028. ; 108:17, s. 2265-2272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum chemical methods are used to obtain the interaction-induced dipole surfaces (IDS) of complexes of two interacting (i.e. colliding) molecules, for example H2–H2, H2–He, etc., collisional complexes, along with their potential energy surfaces (PES). Eight H2 bond distances, from 0.942 to 2.801 bohr, are chosen for each H2 molecule to account for rotovibrational excitations. Rotovibrational matrix elements of these ID and PE surfaces are computed as necessary for the study of supermolecular (‘collision-induced’) absorption spectra of dense hydrogen gas, and of gaseous mixtures of hydrogen and helium, at temperatures up to several thousand kelvin and for frequencies from 0 to those of several H2 overtone bands. Rotovibrational state to state scattering calculations couple the collisional complex perturbatively to single photons. The absorption process causes rotovibrational transitions in one molecule, or simultaneous transitions in both molecules (when H2–H2 collisional complexes are considered). The spectral profiles of tens of thousands of such transitions are computed from first principles. Individual ‘lines’ are very broad so that they overlap substantially, forming a supermolecular quasi-continuum. The comparison of the computed collision-induced absorption (CIA) spectra with existing laboratory measurements at low temperatures (≤ 300 K) shows close agreement so that our results for higher temperatures, where laboratory experiments do not exist, may be used with confidence. Similar calculations of CIA spectra at high temperatures and frequencies are underway for other collisional systems (e.g. H2–H) of interest in astrophysical applications (e.g. ‘cool’ stellar atmospheres). Collision-induced Raman spectra (CIRS) have been similarly obtained; computed Raman spectra also compare favourably with existing laboratory measurements.
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| 84. |
- Geerts, Bart, et al.
(författare)
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The COMBLE Campaign : A Study of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds in Arctic Cold-Air Outbreaks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 103:5, s. E1371-E1389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most intense air mass transformations on Earth happens when cold air flows from frozen surfaces to much warmer open water in cold-air outbreaks (CAOs), a process captured beautifully in satellite imagery. Despite the ubiquity of the CAO cloud regime over high-latitude oceans, we have a rather poor understanding of its properties, its role in energy and water cycles, and its treatment in weather and climate models. The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) was conducted to better understand this regime and its representation in models. COMBLE aimed to examine the relations between surface fluxes, boundary layer structure, aerosol, cloud, and precipitation properties, and mesoscale circulations in marine CAOs. Processes affecting these properties largely fall in a range of scales where boundary layer processes, convection, and precipitation are tightly coupled, which makes accurate representation of the CAO cloud regime in numerical weather prediction and global climate models most challenging. COMBLE deployed an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility at a coastal site in northern Scandinavia (69°N), with additional instruments on Bear Island (75°N), from December 2019 to May 2020. CAO conditions were experienced 19% (21%) of the time at the main site (on Bear Island). A comprehensive suite of continuous in situ and remote sensing observations of atmospheric conditions, clouds, precipitation, and aerosol were collected. Because of the clouds’ well-defined origin, their shallow depth, and the broad range of observed temperature and aerosol concentrations, the COMBLE dataset provides a powerful modeling testbed for improving the representation of mixed-phase cloud processes in large-eddy simulations and large-scale models.
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| 85. |
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| 86. |
- Heinz, Johanna L., et al.
(författare)
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Varicella zoster virus-induced autophagy in human neuronal and hematopoietic cells exerts antiviral activity
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 96:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autophagy is a degradational pathway with pivotal roles in cellular homeostasis and survival, including protection of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The significance of autophagy as antiviral defense mechanism is recognized and some viruses hijack and modulate this process to their advantage in certain cell types. Here, we present data demonstrating that the human neurotropic herpesvirus varicella zoster virus (VZV) induces autophagy in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, in which the pathway exerts antiviral activity. Productively VZV-infected SH-SY5Y cells showed increased LC3-I-LC3-II conversion as well as co-localization of the viral glycoprotein E and the autophagy receptor p62. The activation of autophagy was dependent on a functional viral genome. Interestingly, inducers of autophagy reduced viral transcription, whereas inhibition of autophagy increased viral transcript expression. Finally, the genotype of patients with severe ocular and brain VZV infection were analyzed to identify potential autophagy-associated inborn errors of immunity. Two patients expressing genetic variants in the autophagy genes ULK1 and MAP1LC3B2, respectively, were identified. Notably, cells of both patients showed reduced autophagy, alongside enhanced viral replication and death of VZV-infected cells. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a neuro-protective role for autophagy in the context of VZV infection and suggest that failure to mount an autophagy response is a potential predisposing factor for development of severe VZV disease.
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| 87. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 88. |
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| 89. |
- King, Daniel L., et al.
(författare)
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Reconsidering item response categories in gaming disorder symptoms measurement
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 12:4, s. 873-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaming disorder (GD) screening often involves self-report survey measures to detect the presence of symptoms. Studies have shown that gamers' responses vary greatly across survey items. Some symptoms, such as preoccupation and tolerance, are frequently reported by highly engaged but non-problematic gamers, and therefore these symptoms are thought to lack specificity and are suggested to be less important in classification decisions. We argue that the influence of response categories (e.g., dichotomous responses, such as "yes" or "no" or frequency categories, such as "rarely" and "often") on item responses has been relatively underexplored despite potentially contributing significantly to the psychometric performance of items and scales. In short, the type of item response may be just as important to symptom reporting as the content of survey questions. We propose some practical alternatives to currently used item categories across GD tools. Research should examine the performance of different response categories, including whether certain response categories aid respondents' comprehension and insight, and better capture pathological behaviours and harms.
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| 90. |
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Lawyers in 21st-Century Societies Vol. 2: Comparisons and Theories
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book presents an invaluable collection of essays by eminent scholars from a wide variety of disciplines on the main issues currently confronting legal professions across the world.It does this through comparative analyses of the data provided by the reports on 46 countries in its companion volume: Lawyers in 21st-Century Societies: Vol. 1: National Reports, published in 2020. Together these volumes build on the seminal collection Lawyers in Society edited by Abel and Lewis in 1988/89.The period since 1988 has seen an acceleration and intensification of the global socio-economic, cultural and political developments that in the 1980s were challenging traditional professional forms. Together with the striking transformation of the world order as a result of the fall of the Soviet bloc, neo-liberalism, globalisation, the financialisation of capitalism, technological innovations, and the changing demography of lawyers, these developments underscored the need for a new, comparative exploration of the legal professional field.This volume deepens the insights in volume 1, with chapters on legal professions in Africa, Latin America, the Islamic world, emerging economies, and former communist regimes. It also addresses theoretical questions, including the sociology of lawyers and other professions (medicine, accountancy), state production, the rule of law, regional bodies, large law firms, access to justice, technology, casualisation, cause lawyering, diversity (gender, race, and masculinity), corruption, ethics regulation and legal education.Together with volume 1, it will inform and challenge conceptions of the contemporary profession, and stimulate and support further research.
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