| 31. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and long term prognosis after coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to smoking habits
- 1997
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Ingår i: Cardiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6312 .- 1421-9751. ; 88:6, s. 492-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the 2- and 5-year prognoses following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in relation to smoking habits among consecutive patients being operated on in western Sweden during a 3-year period. Among the 2,121 patients, 10.2% admitted smoking at coronary angiography as compared with 7.5% 2 years after CABG (NS). Among smokers, the mortality during the subsequent 2 years was 8.9% as compared with 6.5% for exsmokers and 7.3% for never smokers (NS). During the 5-year follow-up, smokers had a mortality of 18.8% as compared with 13.6% for exsmokers and 12.5% for never smokers (p = 0.03). When correcting for dissimilarities in previous history, smoking was a strongly significant independent (p < 0.0001) predictor of 5-year mortality.
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| 32. |
- Isaksson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Chronically administered islet amyloid polypeptide in rats serves as an adiposity inhibitor and regulates energy homeostasis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Pancreatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903. ; 5:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/Hypothesis: Islet amyloid polypeptide ( IAPP) reduces food intake and body weight in laboratory animals. In addition, IAPP appears to regulate nutrient metabolism. In the present studies, we investigated the effect of chronic IAPP treatment on different aspects of energy homeostasis. Methods: IAPP was infused ( 25 pmol/kg/min) from subcutaneous osmotic pumps for 2 - 7 days. Rats in 2 saline-infused control groups were fed ad libitum (AF) or pair-fed (PF) against the IAPP-treated rats. Results: As expected, the IAPP infusion reduced food intake and body weight gain. In addition, the IAPP treatment decreased the epididymal fat pad ( vs. PF rats, p < 0.05) and lowered circulating levels of triglycerides (vs. PF rats, p < 0.05), free fatty acids ( vs. PF rats, p < 0.05), leptin ( vs. both AF and PF rats, p < 0.05) and insulin ( vs. AF rats, p < 0.05). In contrast, glucose and protein metabolism in the IAPP-treated rats was largely unchanged, as shown in results regarding serum glucose, glucose transport in skeletal muscle, blood urea nitrogen, and glycogen and protein content in the liver and in skeletal muscle. Conclusion/Interpretation: In summary, chronic IAPP exposure led to a changed lipid metabolism, which was characterized by decreased adiposity, hypolipidemia and hypoleptinemia, and to unchanged glucose and protein homeostasis. These results were similar to those seen in rodents during chronic exposure to another satiety/adiposity regulator, leptin. In conclusion, chronically administered IAPP plays a role as a satiety and adiposity signal in rats, and helps regulate energy homeostasis.
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| 33. |
- Lindblad, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Biodegradable polymers from renewable sources : Rheological characterization of hemicellulose-based hydrogels
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 6:2, s. 684-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemicellulose-based hydrogels were prepared by radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with oligomeric hydrosoluble hemicellulose modified with well-defined amounts of methacrylic functions. The polymerization reaction was carried out in water at 40 degrees C using a redox initiator system. The hydrogels were in general elastic, soft, and easily swellable in water. Their viscoelastic properties were determined by oscillatory shear measurements on 2 mm thick hydrogels under a slight compression to avoid slip, over the frequency range 10(-1) to 10(2). The rheological characterization indicated that the elastic response of the hydrogels was stronger than the viscous response, leading to the conclusion that the hydrogel systems displayed a predominantly solidlike behavior. The curves showed an increase in shear storage modulus with increasing cross-linking density. The nature of the synthetic comonomer in the hemicellulose-based hydrogels also influenced the shear storage modulus. Comparison of hemicellulose-based hydrogels with pure poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels showed that their behaviors were rather similar, demonstrating that the synthetic procedure made it possible to prepare hemicellulose-based hydrogels with properties similar to those of pure poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Martin, D. D., et al.
(författare)
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The Use of Bone Age in Clinical Practice - Part 1
- 2011
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 76:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review examines the role of skeletal maturity ('bone age', BA) assessment in clinical practice. BA is mainly used in children with the following conditions: short stature (addressed in part 1 of this review), tall stature, early or late puberty, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (all addressed in part 2). Various manual and automatic methods of BA assessment have been developed. Healthy tall children tend to have advanced BA and healthy short children tend to have delayed BA in comparison to chronological age. Growth hormone (GH) treatment of children with GH deficiency leads to a catch-up in BA that is usually appropriate for the height of the child. Response to GH is dependent on BA delay in young children with idiopathic short stature, and GH dosage appears to affect BA acceleration. In chronic renal failure, BA is delayed until puberty but then increases due to increased sensitivity of the growth plate to sex steroids, thus further impairing adult height. The assessment of BA provides an important contribution to the diagnostic workup and management of children with short stature.
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| 36. |
- Ranke, M. B., et al.
(författare)
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Major determinants of height development in Turner syndrome (TS) patients treated with GH: analysis of 987 patients from KIGS
- 2007
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Ingår i: Pediatr Res. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998. ; 61:1, s. 105-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about factors determining height outcome during GH treatment in Turner syndrome (TS). We investigated 987 TS children within the Kabi International Growth Study (KIGS) who had reached near adult height (NAH) after >4 y GH treatment (including >1 y before puberty). Through multiple regression analysis we developed a model for NAH and total gain. Our results were as follows (median): 1) At start, age 9.7 yrs, height (HT) 118.0 cm (0.0 TS SDS), projected adult height 146.1 cm, GH dose 0.27 mg/kg wk; 2) NAH HT 151.0 cm (1.5 TS SDS); 3) Prepubertal gain 21.2 cm (1.6 TS SDS); 4) Pubertal gain 9.4 cm (0.0 TS SDS). NAH correlated (r = 0.67) with (ranked) HT at GH start (+), 1 year responsiveness to GH (+), MPH (+), age at puberty onset (+), age at GH start (-), and dose (+). The same factors explained (R = 0.90) the total HT gain. However, HT at GH start correlated negatively. Karyotype had no influence on outcome. Evidently, height at GH start (the taller, the better), age at GH start (the younger, the better), the responsiveness to GH (the higher, the better) and age at puberty (the later, the better) determine NAH.
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| 37. |
- Ranucci, E., et al.
(författare)
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New ester and lactone end-functionalized N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone oligomers
- 2000
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Ingår i: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. - 1022-1352 .- 1521-3935. ; 201:12, s. 1219-1225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New oligomers of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone functionalized at one end with either ester or lactone functions were obtained by radical polymerization in the presence of different ester (methyl isobutyrate and methyl phenylacetate) and lactone (epsilon-caprolactone, delta-valerolactone and gamma-btyrolactone) compounds as chain transfer agents. The oligomeric samples obtained were characterized in terms of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution by means of analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC), using purposely synthesized poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) standards. The chain transfer constant C-tau of either methyl isobutyrate, delta-valerolactone, or gamma-butyrolactone towards N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone were determined with the help of the known cumulative number-average degree of polymerization (X) over bar(n) and monomer conversion Y-t of the samples during the reaction.
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| 38. |
- Ryner, M., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism of ring-opening polymerization of 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and L-lactide with stannous 2-ethylhexanoate. A theoretical study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 34:12, s. 3877-3881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theoretical study of the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) mechanism of 1,5-dioxepana-2-one (DXO) and (L)-lactide (LLA) with stannous(IE) a-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)(2)) is presented. The B3LYP density functional method has been used for the quantum chemical calculations. Our results support a coordination-insertion mechanism initiated by a tin-alkoxide species formed prior to the ROP. The rate-determining step in the ROP was the nucleophilic attack of the alkoxide on the carbonyl carbon of the monomer. The activation energy for the ROP of DXO with Sn(Oct ')(2) has been determined to be 19.8 kcal/mol and for L-lactide 20.6 kcal/mol. At normal reaction temperatures, a ligand may dissociate as Oct 'H during propagation. An excess of carboxylic acid hinders the coordination of monomer to the initiating/propagating complex.
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| 39. |
- Schrier, Lenneke, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Body Surface Area versus Weight-Based Growth Hormone Dosing for Girls with Turner Syndrome
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 81:5, s. 319-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Growth Hormone (GH) dosage in childhood is adjusted for body size, but there is no consensus whether body weight (BW) or body surface area (BSA) should be used. We aimed at comparing the biological effect and cost-effectiveness of GH treatment dosed per m(2) BSA in comparison with dosing per kg BW in girls with Turner syndrome (TS). Methods: Serum IGF-I, GH dose, and adult height gain (AHG) from girls participating in two Dutch and five Swedish studies on the efficacy of GH were analyzed, and the cumulative GH dose and costs were calculated for both dose adjustment methods. Additional medication included estrogens (if no spontaneous puberty occurred) and oxandrolone in some studies. Results: At each GH dose, the serum IGF-I standard deviation score remained stable over time after an initial increase after the start of treatment. On a high dose (at 1 m(2) equivalent to 0.056-0.067 mg/kg/day), AHG was at least equal on GH dosed per m(2) BSA compared with dosing per kg BW. The cumulative dose and cost were significantly lower if the GH dose was adjusted for m(2) BSA. Conclusion: Dosing GH per m(2) BSA is at least as efficacious as dosing per kg BW, and is more cost-effective. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 40. |
- Valuniene, M., et al.
(författare)
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Leptin levels at birth and in early postnatal life in small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medicina (Kaunas). - 1648-9144. ; 43:10, s. 784-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate leptin concentration at birth and in early postnatal life in small- and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants and to assess its relationship with infants' anthropometry at birth and some characteristics of maternal pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 367 infants born after 32-42 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 80 small- and 287 appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns. Altogether, 166 venous blood samples were taken from these neonates on days 2-6 of life. RESULTS. Cord leptin levels were significantly lower in small- compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. We observed a positive correlation between cord leptin and birth weight, all neonatal anthropometric parameters, placental weight, and some maternal nutritional factors. In multivariate analysis, cord leptin concentration explained up to 15% of the variation in sum of newborn's skinfold thickness but only 5% of the variation in birth weight. Postnatally, leptin concentration decreased markedly to the similar low levels in both infant groups and remained so during the first postnatal week. CONCLUSIONS. Significantly lower cord leptin concentration in small-for-gestational-age neonates reflects a lower fat mass content compared to appropriate-for-gestational-age infants. However, an abrupt decrease in leptin levels shortly after birth in both groups suggests that placenta could be an important source of leptin in fetal circulation. The impact of low leptin levels at birth in small-for-gestational-age infants on their postnatal appetite and weight gain remains to be elucidated in future studies.
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