| 41. |
- von Schenck, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Ring-opening polymerization of lactones and lactides with Sn(IV) and Al(III) initiators
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 35:5, s. 1556-1562
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theoretical study is presented of the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) mechanism of 1,5-dioxepan-2-one (DXO) and glycolide with Sn(II) and Al(III) alkoxide initiators (SnMe3MeO, SnMe2-(MeO)(2), and AlMe2MeO). The B3LYP density functional method has been used to perform the quantum chemical calculations. A coordination-insertion mechanism is presented with two principal reaction steps. First, the alkoxide of the initiator performs a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon, and the carbonyl bond is broken. An intermediate is formed at this point, where the former carbonyl oxygen of the monomer is coordinated to tin via an alkoxide bond, while the carbonyl carbon assumes a sp(3) bonding geometry. The second step involves the acyl-oxygen cleavage of the monomer. For all three initiators it was found that the transition state involving the breaking of the carbonyl double bond (TS1) represented the highest point on the potential energy surface for DXO. For glycolide, however, the transition state of the acyl-oxygen cleavage (TS2) was the least stable structure. The reaction barriers were calculated to 17.1 kcal/mol for DXO/SnMe3MeO, 18.7 kcal/mol for glycolide/SnMe3MeO, 14.3 kcal/mol for DXO/SnMe2(MeO)(2), 14.5 kcal/mol for glycolide/SnMe2(MeO)(2), 13.6 kcal/mol for DXO/AlMe2MeO, and 9.3 kcal/mol for glycolide/AlMe2MeO. Both electronic and steric properties of the monomer affect the reaction barriers. It was found that the more electrophilic initiators polymerized cyclic esters faster.
|
|
| 42. |
- Yang, Q., et al.
(författare)
-
Morphological appearance, content of extracellular matrix and vascular density of lung metastases predicts permissiveness to infiltration by adoptively transferred natural killer and T cells.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-7004 .- 1432-0851. ; 55:6, s. 699-707
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently shown that adoptively transferred, IL-2-activated natural killer (A-NK) cells are able to eliminate well-established B16-F10.P1 melanoma lung metastases. However, some B16-F10.P1 lung metastases were resistant to infiltration by the A-NK cells and also resistant to the A-NK cell treatment. The infiltration-resistant (I-R) B16-F10.P1 metastases had a unique "compact" morphology compared to the "loose" morphology of the infiltration-permissive (I-P) metastases. Here, we show that I-P loose tumors and I-R compact tumors are also found in lung metastases of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL), MCA-102 sarcoma, and MC38 colon carcinoma as well as rat MADB106 mammary carcinoma origin. Furthermore, the infiltration resistance of the compact tumors is not restricted to A-NK cells, since PHA and IL-2 stimulated CD8+ T-cells (T-LAK cells) also infiltrated the compact tumors poorly. Analyses of tumors for extracellular matrix (ECM) components and PECAM-1(+) vasculature, revealed that the I-R lesions are hypovascularized and contain very little laminin, collagen and fibronectin. In contrast, the I-P loose tumors are well-vascularized and they contain high amounts of ECM components. Interestingly, the distribution pattern of ECM components in the I-P loose tumors is almost identical to that of the normal lung tissue, indicating that these tumors develop around the alveolar walls which provide the loose tumors with both a supporting tissue and a rich blood supply. In conclusion, tumor infiltration by activated NK and T cells correlates with the presence of ECM components and PECAM-1(+) vasculature in the malignant tissue. Thus, analysis of the distribution of ECM and vasculature in tumor biopsies may help select patients most likely to benefit from cellular adoptive immunotherapy.
|
|
| 43. |
- Abalo, Kossi D., et al.
(författare)
-
Infections in patients with mantle cell lymphoma
- 2024
-
Ingår i: HemaSphere. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2572-9241. ; 8:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advancements in treatments have significantly improved the prognosis for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and there is a growing population of survivors with an increased susceptibility to infections. We assessed the incidence of infections by clinical characteristics and treatment both before and after MCL diagnosis in Sweden. Patients with a diagnosis of MCL >= 18 years between 2007 and 2019 were included, along with up to 10 matched comparators. Infectious disease diagnosis and anti-infective drug dispensation were identified by the National Patient and the Prescribed Drug Registers, respectively. Patients and comparators were followed from the diagnosis/matching date until death, emigration, or June 30, 2020. Overall, 1559 patients and 15,571 comparators were followed for a median duration of 2.9 and 5 years, respectively. The infection rate among patients was twofold higher, RRadj = 2.14 (2.01-2.27), contrasted to the comparator group. There was a notable rise in infection rates already 4 years before MCL diagnosis, which reached a fourfold increase in the first year after diagnosis and persisted significantly increased for an additional 8 years. Among patients, 69% (n = 1080) experienced at least one infection during the first year of follow-up. Influenza, pneumonia, other bacterial infections, urinary tract infections, and acute upper respiratory infections were the most frequent. Notably, MCL remained to be the primary leading cause of death among patients (57%, n = 467/817). Infections as the main cause of death were rare (2.6%, n = 21). Our study highlights the importance of thoroughly assessing infectious morbidity when appraising new treatments. Further investigations are warranted to explore strategies for reducing infectious disease burden.
|
|
| 44. |
- Aberg, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Nuclear Structure Effects in Fission
- 2023. - 1
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - 1742-6588. ; 2586
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three examples of nuclear structure effects in fission dynamics are discussed: (i) The appearance of a super-short symmetric mode in the fission of nuclei around 264Fm leading to two double-magic 132Sn, (ii) Fission of some super-heavy elements where the heavy cluster is focused around double-magic 208Pb, and (iii) A saw-tooth distribution in angular momenta versus the fission fragment mass in the fission of 239U. The Metropolis random walk method is used to simulate the strongly damped fission dynamics on a 5D deformation grid. The dynamics is driven by pairing-, shape- and energy-dependent level densities. When available, a good agreement with experimental data is obtained.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Ahlmen, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of gender on assessments of disease activity and function in early rheumatoid arthritis in relation to radiographic joint damage
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 69:1, s. 230-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate gender differences in score on 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Signals Of Functional Impairment (SOFI) and to relate these scores to radiographic joint destruction.Methods:In all, 549 patients with early RA (62% women) from the BARFOT (for “Better Anti-Rheumatic FarmacOTherapy”) study were included. At baseline, 1, 2 and 5 years DAS28, HAQ and SOFI scoring, and radiographs of hands and feet were performed. The radiographs were scored using the van der Heijde–Sharp score.Results:In women the DAS28 was significantly higher than in men due to higher scores for general health and tender joints. Likewise, HAQ and VAS pain were rated significantly higher in women. The SOFI score was worse in men during the first 2 years, depending on higher upper limb scores. Total Sharp score (TotSharp), erosion score and joint space narrowing score did not differ between the sexes at any time point. The DAS28 area under the curve (AUC) correlated significantly with TotSharp at 5 years in both genders (r = 0.316, r = 0.313) mainly owing to swollen joints and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The SOFI AUC correlated significantly with TotSharp in women (r = 0.135 to 0.220) but not in men.Conclusions:Despite a similar degree of radiographic joint destruction women had, compared with men, worse scores for DAS28 and HAQ, possibly due to higher pain perception and less muscular strength and perhaps because men overestimate their functional capacity.
|
|
| 47. |
- Albertsson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of renewable hydrogel release systems from fiberboard mill wastewater
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 11:5, s. 1406-1411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new route for the design of renewable hydrogels is presented. The soluble waste from masonite production was isolated, fractionized, and upgraded. The resulting hemicellulose rich fraction was alkenyl-functionalized and used in the preparation of covalently cross-linked hydrogels capable of sustained release of incorporated agents. Said hydrogels showed a Fickian diffusion-based release of incorporated bovine serum albumin. Also, a method for the coating of seeds with hydrogel was developed. The sustained release of incorporated growth retardant agents from the hydrogel coating on rape seeds was shown to enable the temporary inhibition of germination.
|
|
| 48. |
- Albertsson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
-
Emission of volatiles from polymers - A new approach for understanding polymer degradation
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Polymers and the Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1566-2543 .- 1572-8919 .- 1572-8900. ; 14:1, s. 8-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emission of low molar mass compounds from different polymeric materials was determined and the results from the volatile analysis were applied to predict the degree of degradation and long-term properties, to determine degradation rates and mechanisms, to differentiate between biotic and abiotic degradation and for quality control work. Solid-phase microextraction and solid-phase extraction together with GC-MS were applied to identify and quantify the low molar mass compounds. Volatiles were released and monitored at early stages of degradation before any matrix changes were observed by e.g. SEC, DSC and tensile testing. The analysis of volatiles can thus also be applied to detect small differences between polymeric materials and their susceptibility to degradation. The formation of certain degradation products correlated with the changes taking place in the polymer matrix, these indicator products could, thus, be analysed to rapidly predict the degree of degradation in the polymer matrix and further to predict the long-term properties and remaining lifetime of the product.
|
|
| 49. |
- Albertsson, Daniel M, 1957, et al.
(författare)
-
Hip and fragility fracture prediction by 4-item clinical risk score and mobile heel BMD: a women cohort study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: BMC Musculosceletal disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background One in four Swedish women suffers a hip fracture yielding high morbidity and mortality. We wanted to revalidate a 4-item clinical risk score and evaluate a portable heel bone mineral density (BMD) technique regarding hip and fragility fracture risk among elderly women. Methods In a population-based prospective cohort study we used clinical risk factors from a baseline questionnaire and heel BMD to predict a two-year hip and fragility fracture outcome for women, in a fracture preventive program. Calcaneal heel BMD was measured by portable dual X-ray laser absorptiometry (DXL) and compared to hip BMD, measured with stationary dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique. Results Seven women suffered hip fracture and 14 women fragility fracture/s (at hip, radius, humerus and pelvis) among 285 women; 60% having heel BMD ≤ -2.5 SD. The 4-item FRAMO (Fracture and Mortality) Index combined the clinical risk factors age ≥80 years, weight <60 kg, prior fragility fracture, and impaired rise-up ability. Women having 2-4 risk factors showed odds ratio (OR) for hip fracture of 5.9 and fragility fracture of 4.4. High risk group hip fracture risk was 2.8% annually compared to 0.5% for the low risk majority (69%). Heel BMD showed hip fracture OR of 3.1 and fragility fracture OR of 2.6 per SD decrease. For 30 DXA assessed participants mean hip BMD at -2.5 SD level corresponded to a lower BMD at the heel. Five of seven hip fractures occurred within a small risk group of 32 women, identified by high FRAMO Index + prior fragility fracture + heel T-score ≤-3.5 SD. Conclusions In a follow-up study we identified high risk groups for hip and fragility fracture with our plain 4-item risk model. Increased fracture risk was also related to decreasing heel BMD in calcaneal bone, measured with a mobile DXL technique. A combination of high FRAMO Index, prior fragility fracture, and very low BMD restricted the high risk group to 11%, among whom most hip fractures occurred (71%). These practical screening methods could eventually reduce hip fracture incidence by concentrating preventive resources to high fracture risk women.
|
|
| 50. |
- Albertsson, Daniel M, 1957
(författare)
-
Hip fracture prevention by screening and intervention of elderly women in primary health care
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hip fracture prevention by screening and intervention of elderly women in Primary Health Care Daniel Albertsson Background – One in four Swedish women suffers a hip fracture (HF). In order to identify high-risk women we developed clinical 4-item scores as the FRAMO (Fracture and Mortality) Index, evaluated heel bone mineral density (BMD) and undertook interventions to improve mobility, reduce falls and HF. Methods - In pilot study 1998, a questionnaire regarding HF risk factors was sent to100 elderly women, with follow-up in 2001. Based on questionnaire 2001 sent to 1498 women aged ≥70, participants were analyzed with FRAMO Index (Risk Model I) for HF, fragility fracture (FF) and mortality in 2002–2003. A questionnaire regarding HF risk was 2003 returned by 285/435 women in the intervention population and heel BMD was assessed by portable dual X-ray laser absorptiometry (DXL), and correlated with 2-year incident HF and FF. Heel BMD was compared to hip BMD. In the controlled cohort intervention study, 296 (I=103, C=193) women were at high risk for HF (in Risk Model II). House calls were made to 61 % in intervention group, initiating exercising and home hazard reduction. After BMD determination pharmacological treatment was considered for 80 %. We evaluated mobility outcomes from questionnaires 2001 and 2004 and incident fractures in 2004–2005. Results - The 1998 questionnaire was answered by 92%; 34% had needs for fracture prevention. The 2001 questionnaire was returned by 83% (n=1248). Four items – age ≥80, weight <60kg, prior fragility fracture and using arms to rise from sitting - were combined in FRAMO Index. The 2-year HF risk was 0.8% for 63% with scores 0–1, and 5.4% (OR 7.5; 95%CI 3.0–18.4) for remaining 37% women with scores 2–4, having a 23.7% mortality risk. During 2004–2005, 7 HFs and 14 FFs occurred among the 285 women in intervention group, 60% of whom had heel osteoporosis (≤ -2.5 SD). The revalidated FRAMO Index showed HF OR 5.9 and FF OR 4.4. Heel BMD showed HF OR 2.7 and FF OR 2.3 for each SD decrease. Combining FRAMO Index + prior fragility fracture + low heel BMD yielded an annual HF risk of 7.8% for 11% and 0.4% for 89%. In the intervention group, we found less women with inability to rise (OR 0.21) and fewer falls (OR 0.46) in 2004, in women with initially impaired mobility. Home exercise was more common in intervention group (RR 2.1). Women with impaired rising ability who home exercised improved (p=0.03). Three interventions seemed related to improvement in rising ability on multivariate analysis; current home exercise, calcium-vitamin D3 treatment and previous group exercise (p=0.04–0.06). Two HFs occurred in the intervention group vs 11 in controls (OR 0.33 and p=0.23). Conclusion – Study questionnaires were feasible in PHC. The FRAMO Index yielded good fracture and mortality prediction. Heel BMD showed increased HF and FF risk. Heel osteoporosis prevalence was high. Hip osteoporosis corresponded to a heel DXL level of around -3.3 SD. Clinical risk factors combined with very low heel BMD defined a small high risk group for HF. Intervention group subjects with impaired mobility and high HF risk improved their mobility more than controls, one year after major multi-factorial intervention. Home exercise, group exercise and calcium- vitamin D treatment seemed related to improved rising ability. This risk assessment and intervention program with 1–2 years duration appears useful in population-based HF prevention.
|
|
