| 341. |
- Alexeev, I. I., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetopause mapping to the ionosphere for northward IMF
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 25:12, s. 2615-2625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the topological structure of the magnetosphere for northward IMF. Using a magnetospheric magnetic field model we study the high-latitude response to prolonged periods of northward IMF. For forced solar wind conditions we investigate the location of the polar cap region, the polar cap potential drop, and the field-aligned acceleration potentials, depending on the solar wind pressure and IMF B-y and B-x changes. The open field line bundles, which connect the Earth's polar ionosphere with interplanetary space, are calculated. The locations of the magnetospheric plasma domains relative to the polar ionosphere are studied. The specific features of the open field line regions arising when IMF is northward are demonstrated. The coefficients of attenuation of the solar wind magnetic and electric fields which penetrate into the magnetosphere are determined.
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| 342. |
- Blomberg, Lars G., et al.
(författare)
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Transpolar aurora : time evolution, associated convection patterns, and a possible cause
- 2005
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 23:5, s. 1917-1930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present two event studies illustrating the detailed relationships between plasma convection, field-aligned currents, and polar auroral emissions, as well as illustrating the influence of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field's y-component on theta aurora development. The transpolar are of the theta aurorae moves across the entire polar region and becomes part of the opposite side of the auroral oval. Electric and magnetic field and precipitating particle data are provided by DMSP, while the POLAR UVI instrument provides measurements of auroral emissions. Ionospheric electrostatic potential patterns are calculated at different times during the evolution of the theta aurora using the KTH model. These model patterns are compared to the convection predicted by mapping the magnetopause electric field to the ionosphere using the Paraboloid Model of the magnetosphere. The model predicts that parallel electric fields are set up along the magnetic field lines projecting to the transpolar aurora. Their possible role in the acceleration of the auroral electrons is discussed.
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| 343. |
- Cumnock, Judy A., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous polar aurorae and modelled convection patterns in both hemispheres
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 38:8, s. 1685-1693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an event study illustrating the relationships between plasma convection and polar auroral emissions, as well as illustrating the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field's y-component on theta aurora development in both hemispheres. Transpolar arcs (TPAs) are often observed during northward IMF with duskside (dawnside) formation of the TPA and dawnward (duskward) motion occurring when B-y changes from positive to negative in the northern (southern) hemisphere. POLAR UVI provides images in the northern hemisphere while DMSP provides ionospheric plasma flow and precipitating particle data in both hemispheres. Concurrent solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field measurements are provided by the ACE satellite. Utilizing the satellite data as inputs, the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) numerical model provides the high-latitude ionospheric electrostatic potential patterns in both hemispheres calculated at different times during the evolution of the theta aurora resulting from a variety of field-aligned current configurations associated with the changing global aurora. These model patterns are compared to the convection predicted by mapping the magnetopause electric field to the ionosphere using the Moscow State University's (MSU) paraboloid model of the magnetosphere. The model predicts that parallel electric fields are set up along the magnetic field lines projecting to the transpolar aurora. Their possible role in the acceleration of the auroral electrons is discussed.
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| 344. |
- Runov, A., et al.
(författare)
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Observations of an active thin current sheet
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 113:A7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze observations of magnetotail current sheet dynamics during a substorm between 2330 and 2400 UT on 28 August 2005 when Cluster was in the plasma sheet at [-17.2, -4.49, 0.03] R-E (GSM) with the foot points near the IMAGE ground-based network. Observations from the Cluster spacecraft, ground-based magnetometers, and the IMAGE satellite showed that the substorm started in a localized region near midnight, expanding azimuthally. A thin current sheet with a thickness of less than 900 km and current density of about 30 nA/m(2) was observed during 5 min around the substorm onset. The thinning of the current sheet was accompanied by tailward plasma flow at a velocity of -700 km/s and subsequent reversal to earthward flow at V-x approximate to 500 km/s coinciding with a B-z turning from -5 to + 10 nT. The analysis of magnetic and electric fields behavior and particle distributions reveals signatures of impulsive (with similar to 1 min timescale) activations of the thin current sheet. These observations were interpreted in the framework of transient reconnection, although the data analysis reveals serious disagreements with the classical 2.5-D X line model.
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| 345. |
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| 346. |
- Apatenkov, S. V., et al.
(författare)
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Conjugate observation of sharp dynamical boundary in the inner magnetosphere by Cluster and DMSP spacecraft and ground network
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 26:9, s. 2771-2780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate an unusual sharp boundary separating two plasma populations (inner magnetospheric plasma with high fluxes of energetic particles and plasma sheet) observed by the Cluster quartet near its perigee on 16 December 2003. Cluster was in a pearl-on-string configuration at 05:00 MLT and mapped along magnetic field lines to similar to 8-9 R-E in the equatorial plane. It was conjugate to the MIRACLE network and the DMSP F16 spacecraft passed close to Cluster footpoint. The properties of the sharp boundary, repeatedly crossed 7 times by five spacecraft during similar to 10 min, are: (1) upward FAC sheet at the boundary with similar to 30 nA/m(2) current density at Cluster and similar to 2000 nA/m(2) at DMSP; (2) the boundary had an embedded layered structure with different thickness scales, the electron population transition was at similar to 20 km scale at Cluster (<7 km at DMSP), proton population had a scale similar to 100 km, while the FAC sheet thickness was estimated to be similar to 500 km at Cluster (similar to 100 km at DMSP); (3) the boundary propagated in the earthward-eastward direction at similar to 8 km/s in situ (equatorward-eastward similar to 0.8 km/s in ionosphere), and then decelerated and/or stopped. We discuss the boundary formation by the collision of two different plasmas which may include dynamical three-dimensional field-aligned current loops.
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| 347. |
- Apatenkov, S. V., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-spacecraft observation of plasma dipolarization/injection in the inner magnetosphere
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 25:3, s. 801-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addressing the origin of the energetic particle injections into the inner magnetosphere, we investigate the 23 February 2004 substorm using a favorable constellation of four Cluster (near perigee), LANL and Geotail spacecraft. Both an energy-dispersed and a dispersionless injection were observed by Cluster crossing the plasma sheet horn, which mapped to 9-12 R-E in the equatorial plane close to the midnight meridian. Two associated narrow equatorward auroral tongues/streamers propagating from the oval poleward boundary could be discerned in the global images obtained by IMAGE/WIC. As compared to the energy-dispersed event, the dispersionless injection front has important distinctions consequently repeated at 4 spacecraft: a simultaneous increase in electron fluxes at energies similar to 1.300 keV, similar to 25 nT increase in B-Z and a local increase by a factor 1.5-1.7 in plasma pressure. The injected plasma was primarily of solar wind origin. We evaluated the change in the injected flux tube configuration during the dipolarization by fitting flux increases observed by the PEACE and RAPID instruments, assuming adiabatic heating and the Liouville theorem. Mapping the locations of the injection front detected by the four spacecraft to the equatorial plane, we estimated the injection front thickness to be similar to 1 R-E and the earthward propagation speed to be similar to 200-400km/s (at 9-12 RE). Based on observed injection properties, we suggest that it is the underpopulated flux tubes (bubbles with enhanced magnetic field and sharp inner front propagating earthward), which accelerate and transport particles into the strong-field dipolar region.
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| 348. |
- Asanou, I. P., et al.
(författare)
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Graphene nanochains and nanoislands in the layers of room-temperature fluorinated graphite
- 2013
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 59, s. 518-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intercalated compound of graphite fluoride with n-heptane has been synthesized at room temperature using a multi-stage process including fluorination by a gaseous BrF3 and a set of intercalant exchange reactions. It was found that composition of the compound is CF0.40(C7H16)(0.04) and the guest molecules interact with the graphite fluoride layers through the van der Waals forces. Since the distance between the filled layers is 1.04 nm and the unfilled layers are separated by similar to 0.60 nm, the obtained compound can be considered as a stack of the fluorinated graphenes. These fluorinated graphenes are large in area making it possible to study local destruction of the a conjugated system on the basal plane. It was shown that fluorine atoms form short chains, while non-fluorinated sp(2) carbon atoms are organized in very narrow ribbons and aromatic areas with a size smaller than 3 nm. These pi electron nanochains and nanoislands preserved after the fluorination process are likely responsible for the value of the energy gap of the compound of similar to 2.5 eV. Variation in the size and the shape of pi electron regions within the fluorinated graphene layers could be a way for tuning the electronic and optical characteristics of the graphene-based materials.
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| 349. |
- Polushkin, N. I., et al.
(författare)
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Local magnetostrictive response of small magnetic entities in artificial Fe-Cr composites
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 92:5, s. 2779-2782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoscale ferromagnetic entities are directly patterned in superparamagnetic Fe-Cr layers by interfering laser beams. To characterize the formed entities, in addition to the conventional methods, we used a technique for magnetic imaging based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) with nonmagnetic tips and an ac magnetic field applied in situ. The observed AFM dynamic response is interpreted in terms of magnetostriction and a related quantity, the ac susceptibility.
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| 350. |
- Rolo, M. Da Rocha, et al.
(författare)
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A custom readout electronics for the BESIII CGEM detector
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1748-0221 .- 1748-0221. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the upgrade of the inner tracker of the BESIII spectrometer, planned for 2018, a lightweight tracker based on an innovative Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier (CGEM) detector is now under development. The analogue readout of the CGEM enables the use of a charge centroid algorithm to improve the spatial resolution to better than 130 mu m while loosening the pitch strip to 650 mu m, which allows to reduce the total number of channels to about 10 000. The channels are readout by 160 dedicated integrated 64-channel front-end ASICs, providing a time and charge measurement and featuring a fully-digital output. The energy measurement is extracted either from the time-over-threshold (ToT) or the 10-bit digitisation of the peak amplitude of the signal. The time of the event is generated by quad-buffered low-power TDCs, allowing for rates in excess of 60 kHz per channel. The TDCs are based on analogue interpolation techniques and produce a time stamp (or two, if working in ToT mode) of the event with a time resolution better than 50 ps. The front-end noise, based on a CSA and a two-stage complex conjugated pole shapers, dominate the channel intrinsic time jitter, which is less than 5 ns r.m.s. The time information of the hit can be used to reconstruct the track path, operating the detector as a small TPC and hence improving the position resolution when the distribution of the cloud, due to large incident angle or magnetic field, is very broad. Event data is collected by an off-detector motherboard, where each GEM-ROC readout card handles 4 ASIC carrier FEBs (512 channels). Configuration upload and data readout between the off-detector electronics and the VME-based data collector cards are managed by bi-directional fibre optical links. This paper covers the design of a custom front-end electronics for the readout of the new inner tracker of the BESIII experiment, addressing the relevant design aspects of the detector electronics and the front-end ASIC for the CGEM readout, and reviewing the first silicon results of the chip prototype.
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