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- Kronzer, V. L., et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory Diseases as Risk Factors for Seropositive and Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Relation to Smoking
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 73:1, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The link and interplay between different airway exposures and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk are unclear. This study was undertaken to determine whether respiratory disease is associated with development of RA, and specifically to examine this relationship by RA serostatus and smoking exposure. Methods Using data from the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis study, this analysis included 1,631 incident RA cases and 3,283 matched controls recruited from 2006 to 2016. Linking these individuals to the National Patient Register provided information on past diagnoses of acute or chronic upper or lower respiratory disease. For each disease group, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for RA, using logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, residential area, body mass index, and education level both overall and stratified by anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)/rheumatoid factor (RF) status and by smoking status. Results Respiratory disease diagnoses were associated with risk of RA, with an ORadj of 1.2 (95% CI 0.8-1.7) for acute upper respiratory disease, 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.9) for chronic upper respiratory disease, 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.6) for acute lower respiratory disease, and 1.6 (95% CI 1.5-3.6) for chronic lower respiratory disease. These associations were present irrespective of RF or ACPA status, though the association was somewhat stronger for ACPA-positive or RF-positive RA than for ACPA-negative or RF-negative RA. The association between any respiratory disease and RA was stronger for nonsmokers (ORadj 2.1 [95% CI 1.5-2.9]) than for smokers (ORadj 1.2 [95% CI 0.9-1.5]). Conclusion Respiratory diseases increase the risk for both seropositive and seronegative RA, but only among nonsmokers. These findings raise the hypothesis that smoking and airway disease are associated with RA development through partly different mechanisms.
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- Lehtonen, T, et al.
(författare)
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SLEEP PROBLEMS IN EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- 2020
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79, s. 614-614
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known that patients with established RA suffer from problems with sleep quality[1]. There are however few, if any, studies on sleep quality among newly diagnosed patients.Objectives:To investigate the sleep quality among patients newly diagnosed with RA.Methods:We used the Swedish study Epidemiological Investigation of RA (EIRA) including patients at the time of diagnosis, based on the 1987 ACR criteria during 2008-2016. At 1 and 3 years after diagnosis, the patients were sent a questionnaire in which they were asked to rate their sleep quality on 10 different questions. We then calculated 6 different sleep components consisting of insomnia, non-restorative sleep, sleep problems, general quality of sleep, if poor sleep affected the health and if they were getting enough sleep[2].Sleep problems were defined as mostly or always having problems with either of the following: falling asleep, many awakenings with difficulties to go back to sleep, waking up early or having disturbed/restless sleep. Insomnia was defined as answering mostly or always on either problem with falling asleep, many awakenings with difficulties to go back to sleep or waking up early, in combination with mostly or always being tired during the day.Having problems with non-restorative sleep was defined as mostly or always having trouble waking up or not feeling well rested when waking up. We defined having problem with not getting enough sleep, sleep quality affecting the health and poor sleep quality as reporting any of the two highest scores on the corresponding questions.We then calculated the proportion of people experiencing no problems at 1 or 3 years after RA diagnosis, developing problems, improving or always having problems with their sleep.Results:We identified 1483 patients with data at either one or both time points. The mean age was 59 years (IQR 19), and 1063 (72%) were women. At 1 year, 36% of the patients reported having at least one type of sleep problem, after 3 years, this figure was 29%. Over 20% of the patients reported having “Rather big” or “Very big” problems with sleep after one year (Table 1) and 31% had problems at one or both time points (Table 2). Disturbed sleep was a problem for their health in 20% of the patients and 11% reported having “poor” or “very poor” sleep quality at both times. Insomnia was experienced by 118 (10%) patients at 1 year and 112 (11%) at 3 years.Table 1.Sleep problems at 1 and 3 years after diagnosis of RA.1 year3 yearsInsomnia118 (9%)112 (11%)Not getting enough sleep102 (8%)113 (11%)Problems with sleep in general270 (22%)231 (22%)Sleep quality affecting health238 (19%)197 (19%)Poor sleep quality218 (17%)209 (20%)Problem with non-restorative sleep218 (17%)154 (14%)Table 2.Individuals experiencing no problems, developing problems, improving or always having problems with their sleep at 1 and 3 years after diagnosis of RA.No problems at any time pointImprovedDeveloped problemsProblems at both 1 and 3 yearsInsomnia702 (85%)43 (5%)46 (6%)39 (5%)Not getting enough sleep719 (86%)36 (4%)47 (6%)34 (4%)Problems with sleep in general576 (69%)81 (10%)78 (9%)103 (12%)Sleep quality affecting health616 (74%)65 (8%)70 (8%)85 (10%)Poor sleep quality623 (74%)57 (7%)66 (8%)91 (11%)Problem with non-restorative sleep654 (78%)71 (8%)46 (5%)67 (8%)Conclusion:In a population-based early RA cohort receiving today’s standard care, 30% of the patients reported some type of sleep problem during the first 3 years. Although this is a lower rate than has been reported in established RA, this is a significant proportion of RA patients, and these findings warrant further studies to closer identify the course of sleep problems and the factors influencing it such as pain.References:[1]Bourguignon C et al PMID 14596374[2]Akerstedt T et al PMID 18484368Acknowledgments:The authors wish to acknowledge the EIRA study group and the EIRA data collectors.Disclosure of Interests:Tiina Lehtonen: None declared, Torbjörn Åkerstedr: None declared, Lauren Lyne: None declared, Lars Klareskog: None declared, Saedis Saevarsdottir Employee of: Part-time at deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc, working on genetic research unrelated to this project, Lars Alfredsson: None declared, Helga Westerlind: None declared
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