| 51. |
- Lindvall, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Starkt stöd för obligatorisk barnvaccination
- 2019
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Ingår i: Storm och stiltje. ; , s. 231-249
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Återkommande utbrott av mässling i Europa och Nordamerika har väckt frågan omobligatoriska vaccinationsprogram till liv både i Sverige och i andra delar av världen. I detta kapitel redovisas unika resultat från 2018 års nationella SOM-undersökning, som visar hur stödet för obligatorisk barnvaccination skiljer sig åt mellan olika samhällsgrupper i Sverige. Analysen visar att det finns ett stort stöd för införande av obligatorisk barnvaccination – tre av fyra svenskar anser att det är ett mycket bra eller ganska bra förslag. Stödet är starkare bland äldre och bland personer som ofta läser morgontidningar. Stödet är svagare bland personer som saknar förtroende för sjukvårdspersonal och som ber till Gud minst en gång per månad.
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| 52. |
- Lundin, Samuel B, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A novel precision-serology assay for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on linear B-cell epitopes of Spike protein
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - 1664-3224. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the need for serology diagnostics with improved accuracy. While conventional serology based on recognition of entire proteins or subunits thereof has made significant contribution to the antibody assessment space, it often suffers from sub-optimal specificity. Epitope-based, high-precision, serology assays hold potential to capture the high specificity and diversity of the immune system, hence circumventing the cross-reactivity with closely related microbial antigens. MethodsWe herein report mapping of linear IgG and IgA antibody epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein in samples from SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals along with certified SARS-CoV-2 verification plasma samples using peptide arrays. ResultsWe identified 21 distinct linear epitopes. Importantly, we showed that pre-pandemic serum samples contain IgG antibodies reacting to the majority of protein S epitopes, most likely as a result of prior infection with seasonal coronaviruses. Only 4 of the identified SARS-CoV-2 protein S linear epitopes were specific for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These epitopes are located at positions 278-298 and 550-586, just proximal and distal to the RBD, as well as at position 1134-1156 in the HR2 subdomain and at 1248-1271 in the C-terminal subdomain of protein S. To substantiate the applicability of our findings, we tested three of the high-accuracy protein S epitopes in a Luminex assay, using a certified validation plasma sample set from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. The Luminex results were well aligned with the peptide array results, and correlated very well with in-house and commercial immune assays for RBD, S1 and S1/S2 domains of protein S. ConclusionWe present a comprehensive mapping of linear B-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 protein S, that identifies peptides suitable for a precision serology assay devoid of cross-reactivity. These results have implications for development of highly specific serology test for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronaviridae family, as well as for rapid development of serology tests for future emerging pandemic threats.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Lyxell, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Phonological representation and speech understanding with cochlear implants in deafened adults
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 39:3, s. 175-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study cognitive performance in 15 deafened adult cochlear implant candidates was examined and related to level of speech understanding after 12 months of experience with the implant. The implant group performed on par with normal hearing controls in all cognitive tasks used in the study with one exception: Performance was significantly lower in cognitive tasks where use of a phonological representation of sound is a key task-demand. Observations of the implanted individuals' level of speech understanding indicate that only those individuals who, pre-operatively, were in possession of phonological representations comparable to that of normal hearing could follow and understand a speaker that was out of sight. The results are discussed with respect to (a) deterioration in the phonological representation of sounds as a function of absence of external auditory stimulation, and (b) the role of cognitive factors in predicting success in speech understanding with the implant.
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| 55. |
- Matsson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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LOKET - a gamma-ray spectroscopy system for in-pool measurements of thermal power distribution in irradiated nuclear fuel
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 569:3, s. 872-882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important issue in the operations of nuclear power plants is the independent validation of core physics codes like e.g. Westinghouse PHOENIX-4/POLCA-7. Such codes are used to predict the thermal power distribution down to single node level in the core. In this paper, a dedicated measurement system (LOKET) is described and experimental results are discussed. The system is based on a submergible housing, containing a high-resolution germanium detector, allowing for measurements in-pool. The system can be transported to virtually any nuclear power plant's fuel storage pool for measurements in-pool during outage. The methodology utilises gamma radiation specific for La-140, whose decay is governed by the parent Ba-140, reflecting a weighted average power distribution, representative for the last weeks of operation of the core. Good agreements between measured power distribution and core physics calculations (Ba distribution) have been obtained during a series of experiments at Leibstadt NPP in Switzerland and Cofrentes NPP in Spain (BWRs) for both fuel assemblies and single fuel rods. The system has proven as a very useful tool for the experimental validation of core calculations also for the most complex fuel designs and challenging core configurations. Experimental errors (on the 1 - sigma level), has been demonstrated below +/- 2% on nodal level for assembly measurements.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
- Matsson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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On-site Gamma-ray Spectroscopic Measurements of Fission Gas Release in Irradiated Nuclear Fuel
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 65:1, s. 36-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental, non-destructive in-pool, method for measuring fission gas release (FGR) in irradiated nuclear fuel has been developed. Using the method, a significant number of experiments have been performed in-pool at several nuclear power plants of the BWR type. The method utilises the 514 keV gamma-radiation from the gaseous fission product Kr-85 captured in the fuel rod plenum volume. A submergible measuring device (LOKET) consisting of an HPGe-detector and a collimator system was utilised allowing for single rod measurements on virtually all types of BWR fuel. A FGR database covering a wide range of burn-ups (up to average rod burn-up well above 60 MWd/kgU), irradiation history, fuel rod position in cross section and fuel designs has been compiled and used for computer code benchmarking, fuel performance analysis and feedback to reactor operators. Measurements clearly indicate the low FGR in more modern fuel designs in comparison to older fuel types.
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| 58. |
- Mold, Jeff E., et al.
(författare)
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Divergent clonal differentiation trajectories establish CD8(+) memory T cell heterogeneity during acute viral infections in humans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 35:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CD8(+) T cell response to an antigen is composed of many T cell clones with unique T cell receptors, together forming a heterogeneous repertoire of effector and memory cells. How individual T cell clones contribute to this heterogeneity throughout immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we longitudinally track human CD8(+) T cell clones expanding in response to yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination at the single-cell level. We observed a drop in clonal diversity in blood from the acute to memory phase, suggesting that clonal selection shapes the circulating memory repertoire. Clones in the memory phase display biased differentiation trajectories along a gradient from stem cell to terminally differentiated effector memory fates. In secondary responses, YFV- and influenza-specific CD8(+) T cell clones are poised to recapitulate skewed differentiation trajectories. Collectively, we show that the sum of distinct clonal phenotypes results in the multifaceted human T cell response to acute viral infections.
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| 59. |
- Morén, Björn, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Technical note: evaluation of a spatial optimization model for prostate high dose‐rate brachytherapy in a clinical treatment planning system
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : WILEY. - 0094-2405 .- 2473-4209. ; 50:2, s. 688-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSpatial properties of a dose distribution, such as volumes of contiguous hot spots, are of clinical importance in treatment planning for high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BT). We have in an earlier study developed an optimization model that reduces the prevalence of contiguous hot spots by modifying a tentative treatment plan. PurposeThe aim of this study is to incorporate the correction of hot spots in a standard inverse planning workflow and to validate the integrated model in a clinical treatment planning system. The spatial function is included in the objective function for the inverse planning, as opposed to in the previous study where it was applied as a separate post-processing step. Our aim is to demonstrate that fine-adjustments of dose distributions, which are often performed manually in todays clinical practice, can be automated. MethodsA spatial optimization function was introduced in the treatment planning system RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Stockholm, Sweden) via a research interface. A series of 10 consecutive prostate patients treated with HDR BT was retrospectively replanned with and without the spatial function. ResultsOptimization with the spatial function decreased the volume of the largest contiguous hot spot by on average 31%, compared to if the function was not included. The volume receiving at least 200% of the prescription dose decreased by on average 11%. Target coverage, measured as the fractions of the clinical target volume (CTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) receiving at least the prescription dose, was virtually unchanged (less than a percent change for both metrics). Organs-at-risk received comparable or slightly decreased doses if the spatial function was included in the optimization model. ConclusionsOptimization of spatial properties such as the volume of contiguous hot spots can be integrated in a standard inverse planning workflow for brachytherapy, and need not be conducted as a separate post-processing step.
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| 60. |
- Mårtensson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Expectations and satisfaction with care for periodontal specialist patients
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 71:3-4, s. 799-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate expectations on and satisfaction with treatment among patients referred for comprehensive treatment to specialist clinics in periodontology and to explore factors associated with satisfaction in regression analysis. Materials and methods. Patients referred for comprehensive periodontal treatment were sampled for the study. The study was based on a questionnaire in a before-and-after design. The first questionnaire was sent to the patients before their first appointment at the specialist clinic. The second questionnaire was sent after 6 months. Three questions were used to measure expectations and four questions to measure satisfaction. The first questionnaire was sent to 273 patients with a response rate of 31% and the second questionnaire was sent to 85 patients with a response rate of 73%. In non-response analysis, no difference between respondents and non-respondents were detected as to age and gender. Results. Many of the patients viewed it as important or very important to have healthy teeth (98%) and improved well-being (93%) after periodontal treatment. More than 50% of the patients were satisfied with the relation to the caregiver. When measuring the satisfaction in general, 42% indicated the highest score on the summarized Dental Visit Satisfaction Scale. Having confidence (p ≤ 0.001) and a good relation (p = 0.001) to the caregiver indicated higher satisfaction. Conclusion. Having a good relation to the caregiver and having confidence in the caregiver seems to indicate satisfied patients receiving periodontal treatment at periodontal clinics.
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