| 51. |
- Byström, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Digital video for improved training and risk communication in occupational hygiene [Poster]
- 2005
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Ingår i: IOHA 6th International Conference. - Pilansberg, South Africa.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Video technology has been utilized for the production of training films focusing on occupational hygiene topics for at least two decades. These films have mainly been produced in a traditional way with some basic story told, illustrated with video pictures and accompanied by a speaker voice. The introduction video exposure monitoring technologies as PIMEX have made it possible to develop the use of video by adding additional information to the video picture about, at the same time occurring exposure to e.g. air contaminants. This technology has meant an important advance what concerns improved understanding of the link between occupational exposure and the situation in the work place and worker behaviour. The improved possibility to involve the worker and supervisors in the search for effective control measures is perhaps the most important characteristic. This technology is now used in several countries and the experiences from its use prompts for continued development and widened use. The development of video technology, especially digital video and the possibilities to do professional editing in standard computers implies a fantastic possibility and challenge for the occupational hygienist. Digital video cameras, computers with video editing as standard and possibilities to produce ready products on built in CD or DVD burners are now common products on the consumer market which implies that the price level has gone down drastically. With those tools is it therefore possible now to produce advanced reports and especially effective, visualized training materials. This way of using the technology is already in use in different countries for production of exposure study reports as CD-ROMs including text as well as video illustrations. At the Swedish Institute for Working Life has training videos using visualization methods as PIMEX been produced for many years. In recent year has this production been developed in many ways to make a wider and more effective distribution of knowledge possible? One example is the production of an extensive training material focusing on control of occupational exposure to dust. This product is also produced in html-code, which means that it can be used in most standard computers and that it is prepared for distribution on Internet. The duplication of such a product is not expensive and the possibility to distribute via Internet makes a wide knowledge spread possible. Other examples have focused on hazard control in wood industry and the organisation of a systematic work environment management system. The today available technology based on digital video and computer technology has made it possible for non-professional video producers to produce and distribute training material which are much more effective to get the message across. This possibility may be compared to the introduction of word processing technology which today makes it possible for any hygienist to write professionally looking reports. It is now time for occupational hygienists to utilize the new possibilities for production of effective training tools.
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| 52. |
- Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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IGF-1R signalling contributes to IL-6 production and T cell dependent inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular basis of disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2728 .- 0925-4439. ; 1863:9, s. 2158-2170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Signalling through insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is essential for cell survival, but may turn pathogenic in uncontrolled tissue growth in tumours. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the IGF-1R signalling is activated and supports expansion of the inflamed synovia.In the present study, we assess if disruption of IGF-1R signalling resolves arthritis.Clinical associations of IGF-1R expression in leukocytes of the peripheral blood were studied in 84 RA patients. Consequences of the IGF-1R signalling inhibition for arthritis were studied in mBSA immunised Balb/c mice treated with NT157 compound promoting degradation of insulin receptor substrates.In RA patients, high expression of IGF-1R in leukocytes was associated with systemic inflammation as verified by higher expression of NF-kB, serum levels of IL6 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and higher pain perception. Additionally, phosphorylated IGF-1R and STAT3 enriched T cells infiltrate in RA synovia. Treatment with NT157 inhibited the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and STAT3 in synovia, and alleviated arthritis and joint damage in mice. It also reduced expression of IGF-1R and despaired ERK and Akt signalling in spleen T cells. This limited IL-6 production, changed RoRgt/FoxP3 balance and IL17 levels.IGF-1R signalling contributes to T cell dependent inflammation in arthritis. Inhibition of IGF-1R on the level of insulin receptor substrates alleviates arthritis by restricting IL6-dependent formation of Th17 cells and may open for new treatment strategies in RA.
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| 53. |
- Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Metastasin S100A4 is a mediator of sex hormone-dependent formation of the cortical bone.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). - : The Endocrine Society. - 1944-9917 .- 0888-8809. ; 27:8, s. 1311-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- S100A4 is a Ca-binding protein participating in regulation of cell growth, survival, and motility. Here we studied the role of S100A4 protein in sex hormone-regulated bone formation. Bone mineral density in the trabecular and cortical compartments was evaluated in female S100A4 knockout (KO), in matched wild-type (WT) counterparts, and in WT mice treated with lentiviral small hairpin RNA construct inhibiting the S100A4 gene transcription or with a nontargeting construct, by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The effect of sex hormones on bone was measured 5 weeks after ovariectomy (OVX) and/or dehydroepiadrosterone treatment. S100A4KO had an excessive trabecular and cortical bone formation compared with the age- and sex-matched WT mice. S100A4KO had an increased periosteal circumference (P = .001), cortical thickness (P = .056), and cortical area (P = .003), which predicted 20% higher bone strength in S100A4KO (P = .013). WT mice treated with small hairpin RNA-S100A4 showed an increase of the cortical bone parameters in a fashion identical with S100A4KO mice, indicating the key role of S100A4 in the changed bone formation. S100A4KO mice had higher serum levels of osteocalcin and a higher number of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts under the periosteum. OVX-S100A4 resulted in the loss of the cortical bone supported by high CTX-I levels, whereas no such changes were observed in OVX-WT mice. S100A4KO mice resisted the dehydroepiadrosterone -induced bone formation observed in the WT counterparts. Our study indicates that S100A4 is a regulator of bone formation, which inhibits bone excess in the estrogen-sufficient mice and prevents the cortical bone loss in the estrogen-deprived mice.
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| 54. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative resilience of US and EU meat processing to the Covid19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food Policy. - 0306-9192 .- 1873-5657. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the similarities in the drop and recovery patterns of US and EU meat production during the Covid19 pandemic, the literature in the two continents assessed their respective meat processing industries' resilience differently - resilient in the EU and non-resilient in the US but offered no resilience metrics in support of their assessments. We cast the differing transatlantic views in the context of the economic resilience literature and operationalize several metrics for cattle, pig, and chicken slaughter. We find the US less resilient than the EU in cattle and pig slaughter. Resilience in chicken slaughter depends on which metric is used. We discuss
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| 55. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Cost of wild boar to farmers in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Review of Agricultural Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0165-1587 .- 1464-3618. ; 47, s. 226-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wild boar are widespread mammals in the world that can cause serious economic damage to farmers. Using data from a survey of farmers in Sweden, this study provides estimates of the cost of wild boar (crop loss, machinery damage, protection) to farmers in Sweden. The results indicate that 39 per cent of respondents had experienced at least one of the three types of costs and that they report a wide range of damage values. Regression results from an instrumental variable Tobit model showed that costs are significantly increasing in wild boar abundance and landscape diversity, and decreasing in the share of grain production.
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| 56. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Food security and the value of game animals-a study of Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The food security value of wild meat is calculated by combining proxy methods for quantifying game animal abundance with shadow pricing techniques for assessing the unit values of food security. This study calculated the food security values of moose, roe deer, wild boar, and fallow deer for Sweden overall and for individual counties. The results showed that meat from these animal populations accounts for approximately 9% of meat consumption in Sweden and for 1.2% of the minimum energy food consumption during periods of crisis for the whole of Sweden, while in some counties it can be as much as 8%. The calculated unit value, or shadow price, of the minimum energy requirement ranged between euro 0.1 and euro 4.2/mcal, depending on the magnitude of the crisis scenario. At most, the total food security value of actual animal population sizes amounted to 0.50 billion euros, but this was unevenly distributed, with high values in counties that have an abundance of moose and wild boar.
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| 57. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Livsmedelstrygghet och viltets värde - en studie av vilt i Sverige
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Viltköttets värde för att trygga en önskvärd nivå på livsmedelsförsörjningen i en krissituation beräknas genom att kombinera populationsmodeller med skuggprissättningstekniker. Det marginella värdet, eller skuggpriset, av att uppnå en viss försörjningsnivå givet en krissituation skattas via en partiell jämviktsmodell. Studien beräknar värden för älg, rådjur, vildsvin, dovhjort och ren totalt för Sverige och för olika län. Resultaten visar att kött från dessa djurslag kan stå för cirka 10 % av köttkonsumtionen i Sverige, och för 1 % av den lägsta energikonsumtionen hänförligt till samtliga livsmedel i kristider för hela Sverige men kan uppgå till ca 8 % för vissa län. Skuggpriset på vilt vid minimienergibehovet varierar mellan 0,001 och 0,044 kr/kcal (1 och 89 kr/kg slaktvikt) beroende på krisscenario. Som mest uppgår det totala värdet vid aktuella populationer till 5,2 miljarder kr. Värdet varierar stort mellan olika län beroende på storleken på, främst, älg- och vildsvinstammar.
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| 58. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Using traffic data to estimate wildlife populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Bioeconomics. - : Springer. - 1387-6996 .- 1573-6989. ; 18:1, s. 17-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildlife populations are threatened worldwide by, among others, habitat fragmentation and hunting pressure. An important impediment for the large scale, national and regional, management of the populations is the difficulty to quantify population dynamics. The purpose of this study is to present a tool for such estimations which is based on available data in several countries; traffic load and traffic accidents with wildlife. An econometric model is developed, which accounts for landscape characteristics. It is applied to wild boar in Sweden, for which data on traffic load and accidents for different counties and years are available. Landscape characteristics are introduced with direct or indirect effects on population growth. The indirect landscape model gives the best statistical performance, and the results show relatively small differences in calculated intrinsic growth rate among counties but considerable differences in predicted population developments.
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| 59. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Violation of environmental regulations as a disinvestment in social capital
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper developed a simple dynamic model in order to analyse the impact of social capital on violation of environmental regulations. Two main channels of influence were identified; through informal enforcement of regulations and through effects on costs from disinvestment in social capital caused by violation. The model was tested using survey data on enforcement and violation of command and control regulations at municipalities and counties in Sweden. Four different measures on the social capital variable were used; general trust, trust in local and national governments, and organizational activity. Count data models were used for estimating the explanatory power of these variables in relation to inspection frequency and control variables of community characteristics. Statistically best results were obtained for organizational activity for all firm categories. The results showed that both the level of this social capital measure and its growth over time curb violation.
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| 60. |
- Gummesson, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term variation in occupational exposure to air contaminants
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1545-9624 .- 1545-9632. ; 12:5, s. 294-301
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many industrial workers are exposed to air contaminants. A significant proportion of this exposure is found to occur as short peaks, a fact that has received limited attention in the literature. The present study focuses on short-term variation in air contaminant exposure measured at the level of seconds, linking exposure peaks to typical work situations in selected Swedish industries. The video exposure monitoring method was used to characterize this variation. Ten different videos were analyzed, from recordings varying in length between 15 and 34 minutes. Cumulative exposure for sampling intervals ranked from high to low, relative to the total exposure was calculated as a function of time. Measures of exposure variation included geometric standard deviation and maximum exposure divided by arithmetic mean. The results show that the characteristics of the variation differ between industrial situations. Samples from the stone, wood, and pharmaceutical industries generated the highest variation, implying that exposure peaks of short duration explain a large proportion of the total exposure. It can be concluded that video monitoring of exposure, combined with calculation of exposure variation as percentage of time accounting for given percentages of exposure, can help to reduce exposure to air contaminants in industrial situations by introducing more targeted control measures.
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