| 361. |
- Rubin, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative trait loci for BMD and bone strength in an intercross between domestic and wildtype chickens.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431. ; 22:3, s. 375-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With chicken used as a model species, we used QTL analysis to examine the genetic contribution to bone traits. We report the identification of four QTLs for femoral traits: one for bone strength, one for endosteal circumference, and two affecting mineral density of noncortical bone. INTRODUCTION: BMD is a highly heritable phenotype, governed by elements at numerous loci. In studies examining the genetic contribution to bone traits, many loci have been identified in humans and in other species. The goal of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling BMD and bone strength in an intercross between wildtype and domestic chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of 164 markers, covering 30 chromosomes (chr.), were used to genotype 337 F2-individuals from an intercross of domesticated white Leghorn and wildtype red junglefowl chicken. DXA and pQCT were used to measure BMD and bone structure. Three-point bending tests and torsional strength tests were performed to determine the biomechanical strength of the bone. QTLs were mapped using forward selection for loci with significant marginal effects. RESULTS: Four QTLs for femoral bone traits were identified in QTL analysis with body weight included as a covariate. A QTL on chr. 1 affected female noncortical BMD (LOD 4.6) and is syntenic to human 12q21-12q23. Also located on chr. 1, a locus with synteny to human 12q13-14 affected endosteal circumference (LOD 4.6). On chr. 2, a QTL corresponding to human 5p13-p15, 7p12, 18q12, 18q21, and 9q22-9q31 affected BMD in females; noncortical (LOD 4.0) and metaphyseal (LOD 7.0) BMD by pQCT and BMD by DXA (LOD 5.9). A QTL located on chr. 20 (LOD 5.2) affected bone biomechanical strength and had sex-dependent effects. In addition to the significant QTLs, 10 further loci with suggestive linkage to bone traits were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Four QTLs were identified: two for noncortical BMD, one for endosteal circumference, and one affecting bone biomechanical strength. The future identification of genes responsible for these QTLs will increase the understanding of vertebrate skeletal biology.
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| 362. |
- Rubin, Carl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantitative Trait Loci for BMD and Bone Strength in an Intercross Between Domestic and Wildtype Chickens
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 22:3, s. 375-384
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With chicken used as a model species, we used QTL analysis to examine the genetic contribution to bone traits. We report the identification of four QTLs for femoral traits: one for bone strength, one for endosteal circumference, and two affecting mineral density of noncortical bone. Introduction: BMD is a highly heritable phenotype, governed by elements at numerous loci. In studies examining the genetic contribution to bone traits, many loci have been identified in humans and in other species. The goal of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling BMD and bone strength in an intercross between wildtype and domestic chickens. Materials and Methods: A set of 164 markers, covering 30 chromosomes (chr.), were used to genotype 337 F 2-individuals from an intercross of domesticated white Leghorn and wildtype red junglefowl chicken. DXA and pQCT were used to measure BMD and bone structure. Three-point bending tests and torsional strength tests were performed to determine the biomechanical strength of the bone. QTLs were mapped using forward selection for loci with significant marginal effects. Results: Four QTLs for femoral bone traits were identified in QTL analysis with body weight included as a covariate. A QTL on chr. 1 affected female noncortical BMD (LOD 4.6) and is syntenic to human 12q21-12q23. Also located on chr. 1, a locus with synteny to human 12q 13-1.4 affected endosteal circumference (LOD 4.6). On chr. 2, a QTL corresponding to human 5p13-p15, 7p12, 18q12, 18q21, and 9q22-9q31 affected BMD in females; noncortical (LOD 4.0) and metaphyseal (LOD 7.0) BMD by pQCT and BMD by DXA (LOD 5.9). A QTL located on chr. 20 (LOD 5.2) affected bone biomechanical strength and had sex-dependent effects. In addition to the significant QTLs, 10 further loci with suggestive linkage to bone traits were identified. Conclusions: Four QTLs were identified: two for noncortical BMD, one for endosteal circumference, and one affecting bone biomechanical strength. The future identification of genes responsible for these QTLs will increase the understanding of vertebrate skeletal biology.
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| 363. |
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| 364. |
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| 365. |
- S:t Clair Renard, Susanne, 1953-
(författare)
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Fri rörlighet för tjänster : tolkning av artikel 49 EGF
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is concerned with the free movement of services and the interpretation of article 49. The application of article 49 foremost includes all activities within the EC law concept of services, which is to be understood as cross-border economic activities for which the regulations of the other freedoms cannot be applied. As a result of the residual function and the fact that the common market includes all aspects of trade and economy article 49 is applicable to a heterogenic variety of economic activities.The ambit of article 49 has been increasingly widened. National laws regulating not only service activities but also associated legal areas, such as legislation involving national taxation and labour regulations, which indirectly affect the conditions for service activities are within the scope of article 49.This work examines the case law of the Court of Justice and suggests an interpretation of article 49 that differentiates between the actual service activity, the associated legal areas and rights for providers and recipients of services. For service activities, article 49 is to be regarded as a total ban on all restrictions, discriminatory as well as non-discriminatory. The prohibition in article 49 should be interpreted widely, administrative measures and legislation in the service sectors may not in any way hinder or restrict the intra-state trade. As for service associated legal areas article 49 is to be regarded as an expression of the principle of non-discrimination. National legislation in areas such as taxation and procedural laws may not treat foreign services and service providers less favourable. Also rights for providers and recipients of services are confined to equal treatment. Providers and recipients of services from other member states shall benefit from the same rights as nationals.
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| 366. |
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| 367. |
- Sahlqvist, Anna-Stina, 1980-
(författare)
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Genetic Characterization of Chicken Models for Autoimmune Disease
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autoimmune diseases are endemic, but the disease mechanisms are poorly understood. A way to better understand these are to find disease-regulating genes. However, this is difficult as the diseases are complex, with several genes as well as environmental factors influencing the development of disease. A way to facilitate the search for genes responsible for the diseases is to use comparative genomic studies. Animal models are relatively easy to analyze since control of environment and breeding are obtained.The University of California at Davies – line 200 (UCD-200) chickens have a hereditary disease that is similar to systemic sclerosis. Using a backcross between UCD-200 chickens and red junglefowl (RJF) chickens we identified three loci linked to the disease. The loci contained immune-regulatory genes suggested to be involved in systemic sclerosis in humans, as well as a previously unidentified linkage between systemic sclerosis in UCD-200 chickens and IGFBP3.The Dark brown (Db) gene enhances red pheomelanin and restricts expression of eumelanin in chickens. The Db phenotype is regulated by an 8 kb deletion upstream of SOX10. Pigmentation studies are potentially useful when trying to identify pathogenic mechanisms and candidate genes in vitiligoThe Obese strain (OS) of chickens spontaneously develops an autoimmune thyroiditis which closely resembles human Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. By using an intercross between OS chickens and RJF chickens, we found several disease phenotypes that can be used in an ongoing linkage analysis with the goal to find candidate genes for autoimmune disease. An important phenotype to record and add to the linkage analysis is autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase, since this phenotype is a key feature in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Previous attempts to measure these titres in OS chickens have failed, hence an assay was developed for this purpose.
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| 368. |
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Samiska spår : Dalarna - Gävleborg - Västmanland
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Boken är ett samarbete mellan Dalarnas Fornminnes- och Hembygdsförbund, Dalarnas museum, Länsmuseet Gävleborg, Västmanlands Hembygdsförbund och Fornminnesföreningoch Västmanlands läns museum.Arbetet med boken initierades genom projektet Ohtsedidh – samiska kulturyttringar i Mellansverige, vilket genomfördes mellan åren 2017-2020. Projektet var ett samarbete mellan länsmuseerna i Dalarna, Gävleborg och Västmanland samt Stiftelsen Gaaltije – sydsamiskt kulturcentrum.Syftet med årsboken 2022 Samiska spår är att presentera ett urval av de inhämtade kunskaperna från Ohtsedidh-projektet. Experter inom olika områden har bjudits in att medverka i boken för att få ett bredare perspektiv på samisk historia. Det har sedan en lång tid tillbaka funnits en samisk befolkning i Mellansverige, men trots att källorna är många finns lite kunskap om vilka dessa samer var och hur de levde. En stor och viktig kunskapslucka i vår kulturhistoria är på väg att fyllas.
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| 369. |
- Sandberg, Susanne
(författare)
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Internationalization processes of small and medium-sized enterprises: Entering and taking off from emerging markets
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The high economic growth of formerly closed markets such as China, Russia, Poland, and the Baltic states has created vast business and growth opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although this international business expansion of SMEs occurs in highly dissimilar business contexts and fierce international competition, it remains overlooked by research. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to contribute to an enhanced understanding of internationalization processes of SMEs by studying the overarching research question: What are the main features of internationalization processes of SMEs in an emerging market context? Three sub-problems are researched with regard to SMEs entering and taking off from emerging markets, as well as differences and similarities between these processes, in order to identify what features characterize them. Empirically, two surveys of 116 and 203 Swedish SMEs, respectively, with experiences of entry into emerging markets were conducted through standardized questionnaires via mail and on-site visits. In addition, case studies were conducted through interviews and observations of five internationalizing Chinese SMEs and four Chinese wholesale and retail market platforms. Five essays are compiled within the thesis and major findings and conclusions provide theoretical and empirical contributions to research on the internationalization processes of SMEs. With regard to the overlooked internationally experienced manufacturing SMEs from mature markets such as Sweden, theoretical advancements are made identifying the main concepts of their entry into emerging markets: entry node (the establishment point into the foreign business network); market-specific experiential knowledge; and perceived institutional distance. With regard to the internationally novel Chinese SMEs, these were seen to diverge from traditional internationalization paths. Indications were found of a parallel expansion abroad and at home, even using foreign markets as a springboard for further growth at home. The take-off node concerns the departure from an emerging home market, where a paradox of knowledge was found: the use of indirect export via a domestic intermediary facilitates the take off, but hinders further international expansion since no international experience or relationships are built up. Moreover, institutional distance was reduced due to collective internationalization through co-locating abroad. Generally, degree of maturity of the home market; as well as degree of internationalization and type of firm; are the main features behind differences between internationalization processes of SMEs in an emerging market context.
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| 370. |
- Satizabal, Claudia L., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:11, s. 1624-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
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