| 41. |
- Karypidis, A.-H., et al.
(author)
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Deletion polymorphism of the UGT2B17 gene is associated with increased risk for prostate cancer and correlated to gene expression in the prostate
- 2008
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In: The Pharmacogenomics Journal. - Avenet, NJ : Nature Pub. Group. - 1470-269X .- 1473-1150. ; 8:2, s. 147-151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metabolism of androgens includes glucuronidation, the major pathway of steroid elimination in several steroid target tissues. Glucuronidation is catalysed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). UGT2B17 has been shown to be particularly active against androgens and is highly abundant in the prostate. Recently, we discovered that deletion of the UGT2B17 gene is associated with low or undetectable urinary testosterone levels. Here, we determined the phenotypic outcome of the deletion by quantifying the UGT2B17 mRNA expression in normal prostate tissues in individuals with different genotypes. Additionally, the frequency of UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism was studied in a Swedish population-based case–control study including 176 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and 161 controls. We found that the individuals homozygous for the insertion allele expressed 30 times more UGT2B17 mRNA in prostate tissue than the heterozygotes. Carriers of the deletion allele had a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer (OR=2.07; 95% CI=1.32–3.25). In conclusion, these results show the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism is associated with prostate cancer risk.
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| 42. |
- Kasperzyk, Julie L., et al.
(author)
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One-carbon metabolism-related nutrients and prostate cancer survival
- 2009
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 90:3, s. 561-569
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Folate and other one-carbon metabolism nutrients may influence prostate cancer pathogenesis. Prior studies of these nutrients in relation to prostate cancer incidence have been inconclusive, and none have explored prostate cancer survival. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess whether dietary intakes of folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and methionine measured around the time of prostate cancer diagnosis are associated with prostate cancer survival. DESIGN: This population-based prospective study comprised 525 men from Orebro, Sweden, who received a diagnosis of incident prostate cancer between 1989 and 1994 and completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. Record linkages to the Swedish Death Registry enabled all cases to be followed for up to 20 y after diagnosis, and the cause of death was assigned via medical record review. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. During a median of 6.4 y of follow-up, 218 men (42%) died of prostate cancer and 257 (49%) of other causes. RESULTS: A comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile showed that vitamin B-6 intake was inversely associated with prostate cancer-specific death (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.46, 1.10; P for trend = 0.08), especially in men with a diagnosis of localized-stage disease (HR; 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.26; P for trend = 0.0003). However, vitamin B-6 intake was not associated with improved prostate cancer survival among advanced-stage cases (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.64, 1.72; P for trend = 0.87). Folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, and methionine intakes were not associated with prostate cancer survival. CONCLUSION: A high vitamin B-6 intake may improve prostate cancer survival among men with a diagnosis of localized-stage disease.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Landberg, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Reproducibility of plasma alkylresorcinols during a 6-week rye intervention study in men with prostate cancer
- 2009
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In: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 139:5, s. 975-980
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alkylresorcinols (AR), phenolic lipids exclusively present in the outer parts of wheat and rye grains, have been proposed as concentration biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake. A key feature of a good biomarker is high reproducibility, which indicates how accurately a single sample reflects the true mean biomarker concentration caused by a certain intake. In this study, the short- to medium-term reproducibility of plasma AR was determined using samples from a crossover intervention study, where men with prostate cancer (n = 17) were fed rye whole-grain/bran or refined wheat products for 6-wk periods. AR homologs C17:0 and C21:0 differed between the treatments (P < 0.001). The reproducibility determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was high (intervention period 1: ICC = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.82-0.98], intervention period 2: ICC = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.78-0.98]). The results show that a single fasting plasma sample could be used to estimate the mean plasma AR concentration during a 6-wk intervention period with constant intake at a precision of +/- 20% (80% CI). This suggests that the plasma AR concentration can be used as a reliable short- to medium-term biomarker for whole-grain wheat and rye under intervention conditions where intake is kept constant.
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| 45. |
- Landberg, Rikard, et al.
(author)
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Rye whole grain and bran intake compared with refined wheat decreases urinary C-peptide, plasma insulin, and prostate specific antigen in men with prostate cancer
- 2010
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In: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 140:12, s. 2180-2186
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rye whole grain and bran intake has shown beneficial effects on prostate cancer progression in animal models, including lower tumor take rates, smaller tumor volumes, and reduced prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations. A human pilot study showed increased apoptosis after consumption of rye bran bread. In this study, we investigated the effect of high intake of rye whole grain and bran on prostate cancer progression as assessed by PSA concentration in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Seventeen participants were provided with 485 g rye whole grain and bran products (RP) or refined wheat products with added cellulose (WP), corresponding to ~50% of daily energy intake, in a randomized controlled, crossover design. Blood samples were taken from fasting men before and after 2, 4, and 6 wk of treatment and 24-h urine samples were collected before the first intervention period and after treatment. Plasma total PSA concentrations were lower after treatment with RP compared with WP, with a mean treatment effect of -14% (P = 0.04). Additionally, fasting plasma insulin and 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion were lower after treatment with RP compared with WP (P < 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). Daily excretion of 5 lignans was higher after the RP treatment than after the WP treatment (P < 0.001). We conclude that whole grain and bran from rye resulted in significantly lower plasma PSA compared with a cellulose-supplemented refined wheat diet in patients with prostate cancer. The effect may be related to inhibition of prostate cancer progression caused by decreased exposure to insulin, as indicated by plasma insulin and urinary C-peptide excretion.
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| 46. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(author)
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Cultured milk, yogurt, and dairy intake in relation to bladder cancer risk in a prospective study of Swedish women and men
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethseda, Md. : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 88:4, s. 1083-1087
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:Findings from epidemiologic studies of the effect of dairy foods (mainly milk) on the risk of bladder cancer have been inconsistent. Objective:We aimed to examine the association between the intake of cultured milk and other dairy foods and the incidence of bladder cancer in a prospective, population-based cohort. Design:We prospectively followed 82 002 Swedish women and men who were cancer-free and who completed a 96-item food-frequency questionnaire in 1997. Incident cases of bladder cancer were identified in the Swedish cancer registries. Results:During a mean follow-up of 9.4 y, 485 participants (76 women and 409 men) were diagnosed with bladder cancer. Total dairy intake was not significantly associated with risk of bladder cancer [7.0 servings/d compared with < 3.5 servings/d: multivariate rate ratio (RR) = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.15; P for trend = 0.33]. However, a statistically significant inverse association was observed for the intake of cultured milk (sour milk and yogurt). The multivariate RRs for the highest category of cultured milk intake (2 servings/d) compared with the lowest category (0 serving/d) were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.85; P for trend = 0.006) in women and men combined, 0.55 (95% CI: 0.25, 1.22; P for trend = 0.06) in women, and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.89; P for trend = 0.03) in men. The intake of milk or cheese was not associated with bladder cancer risk.
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| 47. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(author)
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Diabetes mellitus, body size and bladder cancer risk in a prospective study of Swedish men
- 2008
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In: European Journal of Cancer. - Oxford : Pergamon. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 44:17, s. 2655-2660
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Epidemiologic studies on diabetes and body size in relation to risk of bladder cancer have yielded inconsistent results. We examined prospectively the associations between a history of diabetes, height, weight, body mass index and waist circumference, and the incidence of bladder cancer in the Cohort of Swedish Men, a prospective study of 45,906 men aged 45–79 years at baseline. During follow-up from 1998 through December 2007, 414 incident cases of bladder cancer were ascertained. A history of diabetes was not associated with risk of bladder cancer (multivariate rate ratio=1.16; 95% confidence interval=0.81–1.64). Similarly, no associations were observed for height, weight, body mass index or waist circumference. These findings in men do not support a role for diabetes, height or excess body mass in the aetiology of bladder cancer.
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| 48. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(author)
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of bladder cancer : a prospective cohort study
- 2008
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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Baltimore : Waverly Press. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 17:9, s. 2519-2522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fruit and vegetable consumption has been inconsistently associated with risk of bladder cancer. We used data from a prospective population-based cohort study of 82,002 Swedish women and men to examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and bladder cancer incidence. Diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. During a mean follow-up of 9.4 years, 485 incident cases of bladder cancer were identified in the Swedish cancer registries. We found no statistically significant association between intakes of total fruits and vegetables, total fruits, or total vegetables and bladder cancer risk after adjustment for age, sex, education, and cigarette smoking. The multivariate rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of intake were 0.80 (0.60-1.05) for total fruits and vegetables, 0.93 (0.69-1.25) for fruits, and 0.89 (0.67-1.19) for vegetables. Likewise, no associations were observed for citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, or green leafy vegetables. The associations did not differ by sex or smoking status. In conclusion, findings from this prospective study suggest that fruit and vegetable intakes are not likely to be appreciably associated with the risk of bladder cancer.
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| 49. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(author)
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Meat intake and bladder cancer risk in a Swedish prospective cohort
- 2009
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In: Cancer Causes and Control. - Berlin : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 20:1, s. 35-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background High meat consumption could potentially increase the risk of bladder cancer, but findings from epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association between meat intake and bladder cancer risk in a population-based cohort study. Methods We prospectively followed 82,002 Swedish women and men who were free from cancer and completed a food-frequency questionnaire in 1997. Incident cases of bladder cancer were identified in the Swedish cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and total energy intake. Results During a mean follow-up of 9.4 years, 485 incident cases of bladder cancer (76 women and 409 men) were ascertained in the cohort. We observed no association between the intake of total or any specific type of meat and the risk of bladder cancer. The multivariate HRs (95% CIs) comparing the highest and the lowest category of intake were 1.05 (0.71–1.55) for total meat, 1.00 (0.71–1.41) for red meat, 1.01 (0.80–1.28) for processed meats, 0.96 (0.70–1.30) for chicken/poultry, and 0.92 (0.65–1.30) for fried meats/fish. The associations did not vary by sex or smoking status. Conclusions These results do not support the hypothesis that intake of red meat, processed meat, poultry, or fried meats/fish is associated with the risk of developing bladder cancer.
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| 50. |
- Laven, Brett A., et al.
(author)
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Birth weight, abdominal obesity and the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms in a population based study of Swedish men
- 2008
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In: Journal of Urology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 179:5, s. 1891-1896
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PurposeLower urinary tract symptoms and obesity are prominent health problems. Low birth weight increases the adult risk of adiposity and insulin resistance, which may increase sympathetic activity and potentially lower urinary tract symptoms. Results of obesity and lower urinary tract symptoms studies are conflicting, and low birth weight and lower urinary tract symptoms relationships have not been investigated.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study examines lower urinary tract symptoms, body measures, activity, birth weight and lifestyle data collected by questionnaire from 1997 to 1998. Overall 27,858 men were analyzed and odds ratios calculated after excluding those with cancer, cerebrovascular accident, diabetes and incomplete information.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, activity level, smoking, alcohol, coffee intake and body mass index, a significant positive association was seen between abdominal obesity (waist-to-hip ratio) and moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms. The risks of moderate to severe and severe lower urinary tract symptoms were 22% (95% CI 1.09–1.37) and 28% (95% CI 1.01–1.63) higher, respectively, for the top vs the lowest abdominal obesity quartile. The risk of nocturia (twice or more per night) was 1.16 (95% CI 1.02–1.33) in men in the top compared to the bottom waist-to-hip ratio quartile. Men with low birth weight (less than 2,500 gm) had a 61% (95% CI 1.12–2.30) higher risk of severe lower urinary tract symptoms compared to men with normal birth weight (2,500 to 3,999 gm). Men in the top waist-to-hip ratio quartile who had low birth weight had twice the risk of severe lower urinary tract symptoms (95% CI 1.29–3.02) compared to men with normal birth weight and in the lowest waist-to-hip ratio quartile.ConclusionsLow birth weight and abdominal adiposity are associated with increased risk of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms in adults. Further investigations are needed to determine if decreases in obesity can ameliorate lower urinary tract symptoms.
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