| 51. |
- Ding, Yu-Shin, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of L-[5-11C]ornithine.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 27, s. 1079-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 52. |
- Docherty, Anna R, et al.
(författare)
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GWAS Meta-Analysis of Suicide Attempt: Identification of 12 Genome-Wide Significant Loci and Implication of Genetic Risks for Specific Health Factors.
- 2023
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Ingår i: The American journal of psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 180:10, s. 723-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suicidal behavior is heritable and is a major cause of death worldwide. Two large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) recently discovered and cross-validated genome-wide significant (GWS) loci for suicide attempt (SA). The present study leveraged the genetic cohorts from both studies to conduct the largest GWAS meta-analysis of SA to date. Multi-ancestry and admixture-specific meta-analyses were conducted within groups of significant African, East Asian, and European ancestry admixtures.This study comprised 22 cohorts, including 43,871 SA cases and 915,025 ancestry-matched controls. Analytical methods across multi-ancestry and individual ancestry admixtures included inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analyses, followed by gene, gene-set, tissue-set, and drug-target enrichment, as well as summary-data-based Mendelian randomization with brain expression quantitative trait loci data, phenome-wide genetic correlation, and genetic causal proportion analyses.Multi-ancestry and European ancestry admixture GWAS meta-analyses identified 12 risk loci at p values <5×10-8. These loci were mostly intergenic and implicated DRD2, SLC6A9, FURIN, NLGN1, SOX5, PDE4B, and CACNG2. The multi-ancestry SNP-based heritability estimate of SA was 5.7% on the liability scale (SE=0.003, p=5.7×10-80). Significant brain tissue gene expression and drug set enrichment were observed. There was shared genetic variation of SA with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, smoking, and risk tolerance after conditioning SA on both major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Genetic causal proportion analyses implicated shared genetic risk for specific health factors.This multi-ancestry analysis of suicide attempt identified several loci contributing to risk and establishes significant shared genetic covariation with clinical phenotypes. These findings provide insight into genetic factors associated with suicide attempt across ancestry admixture populations, in veteran and civilian populations, and in attempt versus death.
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| 53. |
- Dubol, Manon, et al.
(författare)
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Acute nicotine exposure blocks aromatase in the limbic brain of healthy women : A [11C]cetrozole PET study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Of interest to women's mental health, a wealth of studies suggests sex differences in nicotine addiction and treatment response, but their psychoneuroendocrine underpinnings remain largely unknown. A pathway involving sex steroids could indeed be involved in the behavioural effects of nicotine, as it was found to inhibit aromatase in vitro and in vivo in rodents and non-human primates, respectively. Aromatase regulates the synthesis of oestrogens and, of relevance to addiction, is highly expressed in the limbic brain.Methods: The present study sought to investigate in vivo aromatase availability in relation to exposure to nicotine in healthy women. Structural magnetic resonance imaging and two [11C]cetrozole positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed to assess the availability of aromatase before and after administration of nicotine. Gonadal hormones and cotinine levels were measured. Given the region-specific expression of aromatase, a ROI -based approach was employed to assess changes in [11C]cetrozole non-displaceable binding potential.Results: The highest availability of aromatase was found in the right and left thalamus. Upon nicotine exposure, [11C]cetrozole binding in the thalamus was acutely decreased bilaterally (Cohen's d =-0.99). In line, cotinine levels were negatively associated with aromatase availability in the thalamus, although as non-significant trend.Conclusions: These findings indicate acute blocking of aromatase availability by nicotine in the thalamic area. This suggests a new putative mechanism mediating the effects of nicotine on human behaviour, particularly relevant to sex differences in nicotine addiction.
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| 54. |
- Elgland, Mathias, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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beta-Configured clickable [F-18] FDGs as novel F-18-fluoroglycosylation tools for PET
- 2017
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Ingår i: New Journal of Chemistry. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1144-0546 .- 1369-9261. ; 41:18, s. 10231-10236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In oncology and neurology the F-18-radiolabeled glucose analogue 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose ([F-18]FDG) is by far the most commonly employed metabolic imaging agent for positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we report a novel synthetic route to beta-configured mannopyranoside precursors and a chemoselective F-18-fluoroglycosylation method that employ two b-configured [F-18]FDG derivatives equipped with either a terminal azide or alkyne aglycon respectively, for use as a CuAAC clickable tool set for PET. The b-configured precursors provided the corresponding [F-18]FDGs in a radiochemical yield of 77-88%. Further, the clickability of these [F-18]FDGs was investigated by click coupling to the suitably functionalized Fmoc-protected amino acids, Fmoc-N-(propargyl)-glycine and Fmoc-3-azido-L-alanine, which provided the F-18-fluoroglycosylated amino acid conjugates in radiochemical yields of 75-83%. The F-18-fluoroglycosylated amino acids presented herein constitute a new and interesting class of metabolic PET radiotracers.
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