| 31. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise for Neurodegeneration-Related Disorders
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cronic Diseases and Management. - 2573-1300. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodenerative processes associated with ageing or retarded normal neurodevelopment compromise several domains of health, well-being and the functional capacity of individuals, particularly those of advanced age. Physical exercise has provided a plethora of improvements in functional capacity, neurocognitive ability, neuroaffective status and brain plasticity. Despite all these achievements, further effort requires to be invested in order to challenge one current conviction that there exist no effective treatments, or even a paucity, of intervention, e.g. exercise, available to retard or hinder or reverse the Neurodegeneration processes afflicting the diseased brain.
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| 32. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Improves Physical Health and Symptom Profiles in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
- 2016
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Ingår i: JSM Schizophrenia. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical exercise intervention programs have been found to ameliorate the deficits expressed within daily behavioral, symptom-profile, affective status, neurocognitive and brain structural and functional domains in addition to improvements in quality-of- life, adherence to training schedules, physical health and well-being in schizophrenia spectrum disorder, despite the genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic background of disorder characterization. Neurotoxicological/neurodegenerative processes, such as immunoexcitotoxicity and apoptosis that contributory to the disorders’ etiopathogenesis, reduction of telomerase activity and telomeric shortening and loss of neuronal integrity are mitigated or alleviated by exercise and motor activity schedules. Several aspects of the disorder, structural and functional appear to be ‘buttressed’ through the applications of exercise paradigms whether endurance or resistance, dependent on intensity, duration and frequency.
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| 33. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa: Complexity of Pathology and Health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - 2471-2701. ; 2:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anorexia nervosa (AN) condition presents a serious and potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by episodes of self-starvation and excessive weight loss that may be accompanied by excessive exercise. The notion that the condition offers a dysfunctional system of individuals’ self-evaluation of self-worth, where self-worth as determined from perceived body shape and weight and the degree to which they consider themselves to be in control of their own shape and weight.
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| 34. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949
(författare)
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Exercise Influences in Depressive Disorders: Symptoms, Biomarkers and Telomeres
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Depression. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2572-0791. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exact mechanisms concerning how exercise affects the brain, under conditions of health or disorder, are not fully understood and the literature lacks a sufficiency of well-designed studies concerning the effects of exercise training on depressive disorders. Nevertheless, the observed antidepressant actions of exercise are strong enough to warrant its application as a viable alternative to current medications in the treatment of depressive disorders. The beneficial effects of exercise upon cognitive, executive function and working memory, emotional, self-esteem and depressed mood, motivational, anhedonia and psychomotor retardation, and somatic/physical, sleep disturbances and chronic aches and pains, categories of depression are discussed. The ameliorative effects of physical exercise upon several biomarkers associated with depressive states: hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis homeostasis, anti-neurodegenerative effects, monoamine metabolism regulation and neuro-immune functioning have been outlined. The notion that physical exercise may function as “scaffolding” that buttresses available network circuits, anti-inflammatory defences and neuroreparative processes, e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), holds a certain appeal. In older adults, it has been observed that exercise was associated with significantly lower levels of depressive symptom severity. An activity program based on “nordic walking”, i.e. using staves, was shown to induce a positive effect on depressive symptoms and sleeping disorders in elderly patients, suggesting that Nordic walking based exercise programs should be developed for the elderly who suffer from depression or a sleeping disorder.
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| 35. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Influences upon Stress-Resilience and Resilient Health
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuropsychology & Stress Management. ; 1:1: 100101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regular physical exercise prevents tissue and cellular senescence with active individuals at lower risk for malignancies such as cancer of the colon and prostate, osteoporosis, depression and anxiety, diabetes and pre- diabetic individuals, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Factors governing personal health and development: stress (distress) and empowerment : I fattori che regolano la salute personale e lo sviluppo: Stress (distress) e potenziamento
- 2014
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Ingår i: Panminerva Medica. - 0031-0808. ; 56:1 suppl. 1, s. 101-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals express personal attributes that render them vulnerable to stress to greater or lesser extent. According to how we deal with all the events, incidents and interactions upon our daily lives, whether Monday to Friday working days or the weekends with expected rest, the progression of our life cycles develop, in some cases towards relative life satisfaction, psychological well-being and health but sadly in others towards dissatisfaction, a lack of psychological well-being and ill-health. Stress and distress may exert adaptive or maladaptive influences. Psychosocial stress, physiological stress, stress-inducing immunosenescence, or oxidative forms of stress are generally associated with detrimental effects upon personal health and development. Nevertheless, the adaptive aspect of stress ought not to be neglected since the capacity and ability to cope with stress, develop one’s own personal resources to accommodate coping strategies, hardiness and resilience all provide stages to elevate an individual’s developmental trajectory. Education, self-learning and an optimal life-style based upon healthy attachment to self all endower us with personal empowerment which is further reinforced when we facilitate the empowerment of others as evidence of our attachment to them. The related, yet distinctive, qualities, dignitas and auctoritas, capture the requirement of empowerment in self-fulfilling personal profiles. An individual with dignitas has acquired accomplishments, personal habits and a special ‘aura’ that invariably commands respect whether this person is a gardener or a general whereas auctoritas is conferred, rather than acquired, in the hope that this person will empower both others and himself/herself. One measure of success, perhaps the most important, is offered by the degree to which we empower our own personal health and development, and the extent to which we facilitate that of others.
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| 38. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949
(författare)
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Free Will: Responsibility and Cooperation are Constrained, not Determined
- 2013
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Ingår i: . 30th International Congress on Law and Mental Health. Amsterdam, Holland..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The heterogeneous, chronic, and seemingly proliferating nature of ADHD and related comorbid conditions covers heritability, cognitive-emotional, and motor and everyday behaviour domains with a highly complex etiopathogenesis, a problematic pharmacogenetic reality with regard to personalized medication and an uncertain interventional outcome. Some manner of disruption of “typical developmental trajectory” in the manifestation of gene-environment interactive predisposition has provided a situation in which children, adolescents, and young adults express deficits in the achievement of academic performance, occupational enterprises, and interpersonal relationships, despite major therapeutic intervention. The major symptoms of hyperactivity, problems with concentration/selective attention, and lack of impulse control may present themselves in maladaptive, inappropriate, or even criminal behaviours. Physical exercise provides a wide range of beneficial effects against stress, anxiety and anxiety sensitivity, depressive symptoms, negative affect and behaviour, poor impulse control, and compulsive behaviours concomitant with improved executive functioning, working memory, and positive affect, in conjunction with improved conditions for relative and care givers. Several biomarkers, prominently Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and dopamine, are increased markedly by regular physical exercise involving a degree of physical effort. Functional, regional biomarker deficits and HPA axis dysregulation have been alleviated by regular and carefully planned and applied physical exercise programs.
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| 39. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Functional and structural MRI studies on impulsiveness: Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorders
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuroimaging – Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience/ Edited by Peter Bright. - : InTech. - 9789535106067 ; , s. 205-228
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impulsive behavior is characterized a tendency to initiate behavior without sufficient/adequate consideration of consequences. It typically refers to ill-conceived, premature or inappropriate behavior that may be self-destructive or harmful to other individuals. Pathological impulsiveness is associated with impaired performance on neuropsychological tests of attention and executive function and with neuroimaging evidence for structural and/or functional correlates, particular in frontal lobe regions. Impulsive behavior is a major component of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, ADHD, substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and borderline and antisocial personality disorders. The notion of impulsiveness incorporates a multidimensional construct consisting of a range of inter-related factors including novelty-seeking and reckless behavior, lack of planning ability and self-control whereby mechanistic relations evolve from its role in initiating action. The construct incorporates motor impulsiveness, inability to tolerate delays, lack of planning and an incapacity for self-control. Impulsiveness, with or without aggressiveness, has been associated with a range of personality disorders and other psychopathologies, with impulse control difficulties often of primary diagnostic importance. the notions of aberrant reward learning, dysregulated response inhibition and pathological hypersensitivity to temporal delays in reinforcement form the essential behavioural endophenotype of impulsiveness that is witnessed in ADHD and BPD, as well as in compulsive gambling, addictive disorders and dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Developmental trajectories of impulsive behaviors and the damaging effects of early-life trauma on brain development bear essential outcome-expectancies for eventual understanding of etiopathogenesis. Structural and functional resonance imaging has served to provide a point of convergence for the resolution of neurobehavioural, epigenetic and neurodevelopmental factors.
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| 40. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Functional consequences of iron overload in catecholaminergic interactions: the Youdim factor
- 2007
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Ingår i: Neurochemical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-3190 .- 1573-6903. ; 32:10, s. 1625-1639
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of postnatal iron overload upon implications of the functional and interactive role of dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways that contribute to the expressions of movement disorder and psychotic behaviours in mice was studied in a series of experiments. (1) Postnatal iron overload at doses of 7.5 mg/kg (administered on Days 10–12 post partum) and above, invariably induced a behavioural syndrome consisting of an initial (1st 20–40 min of a 60-min test session) hypoactivity followed by a later (final 20 min of a 60-min test session) hyperactivity, when the mice were tested at adult ages (age 60 days or more). (2) Following postnatal iron overload, subchronic treatment with the neuroleptic compounds, clozapine and haloperidol, dose-dependently reversed the initial hypoactivity and later hyperactivity induced by the metal. Furthermore, DA D2 receptor supersensitivity (as assessed using the apomorphine-induced behaviour test) was directly and positively correlated with iron concentrations in the basal ganglia. (3) Brain noradrenaline (NA) denervation, using the selective NA neurotoxin, DSP4, prior to administration of the selective DA neurotoxin, MPTP, exacerbated both the functional (hypokinesia) and neurochemical (DA depletion) effects of the latter neurotoxin. Treatment with L-Dopa restored motor activity only in the animals that had not undergone NA denervation. These findings suggest an essential neonatal iron overload, termed “the Youdim factor”, directing a DA–NA interactive component in co-morbid disorders of nigrostriatal-limbic brain regions.
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