| 51. |
- Hansson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Eye and Body Movements Characterized by Synchronized Sampling
- 1998
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Akselsson at the Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology) there some of the authors. (Engström) gained extensive grants (EU-financing and Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found). This publication was a result of the just mentioned EU-financing.
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| 52. |
- Helmersson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 1 gene is associated with decreased inflammatory prostaglandin F2alpha formation and lower risk of cardiovascular disease
- 2009
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0952-3278 .- 1532-2823. ; 80:1, s. 51-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the impact of genetic variation in the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) gene on formation of the vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) (PGF(2)(alpha)) and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined COX-1 genotypes, PGF(2)(alpha) formation and CVD prevalence in a Swedish cohort of 809 men at age 77 years. Of these, 237 had a history of CVD according to the registry data. Four of nine COX-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with altered formation of PGF(2)(alpha) (P<0.05). Two COX-1 gene variants (rs10306135 and rs883484) remained significantly associated with altered PGF(2)(alpha) formation after adjusted significance level for multiple testing (alpha-level=0.0059). Furthermore, individuals homozygote for the variant allele rs10306135 had lower prevalence of CVD, compared to the common allele (0% versus 30%, P=0.0047). In conclusion, subjects homozygote for the variant allele of a COX-1 gene polymorphism represent a subpopulation of men with decreased PGF(2)(alpha) formation and lower prevalence of CVD.
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| 53. |
- Hildebrand, Eric
(författare)
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Prenatal diagnosis of structural malformations and chromosome anomalies : Detection, influence of Body Mass Index and ways to improve screening
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis of structural malformations and chromosome anomalies is possible in the presence of an effective screening with ultrasound during pregnancy. The continuous evolution of the ultrasound equipment facilitates the examination. However there are challenges in terms of the increasing prevalence of obesity among the pregnant women and the need of training of the personnel performing the scans. In the Southeast region of Sweden all pregnant women are offered screening with ultrasound during pregnancy. From 2009 almost all women in the region are offered two examinations, one in week 11-14 assessment of gestational age and combined screening for aneuploidy. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital defect. About one third of the CHD cases will have a duct-dependent anomaly that is potentially life-threatening if not detected before birth.Aims: To assess the sensitivity for detecting structural malformations and chromosome anomalies by a routine ultrasound either in gestational week 11-14 or 18-20. To estimate the influence of a high Body Mass Index (BMI) in detecting fetal structural anomalies by ultrasound. To evaluate the possibility for introducing a more accurate fetal cardiac ultrasound screening based on five different transverse views and color Doppler. To determine if the risk-estimate for trisomy 21 from the screening procedure varies over BMI strata and if obesity is associated with an increased risk of Down syndrome in the offspring.Material and methods: Outcome measures from 21189 consecutive ultrasound examinations in the first and second trimester were analyzed and compared. The fetal anomaly diagnoses were also grouped in four BMI-groups. Then, a two-day course in examining of the fetal heart was given, analyzed and followed up. To evaluate the effect of BMI on the combined screening, 10224 patients were divided in six BMI categories. Outcomes were evaluated over BMI strata. The possibility of an association between maternal obesity and Down syndrome was analyzed in a nationwide cohort of 1568604 women giving birth in Sweden.Results: At the first trimester scan 13% of all anomalies were detected vs 29% in the second trimester. For aneuploidy the corresponding results were 71% vs 42%, and for lethal anomalies 88% vs 92%. If divided into BMI-groups 26% of the malformations were detected in the group of normal weight women compared to 19% among the obese. For malformations with long-term handicap the corresponding figures were 46% vs 27%. After the course in examination of the fetal heart uncertainty was lower and the familiarity with the new technique was enhanced. The ability to perform the new method remained at follow up. In the combined screening, the observed and expected number with a risk of Downs syndrome >1/300 were similar in each BMI-group. Obese women had an increased risk of giving birth to an infant with Downs syndrome compared with normal weight women.Conclusions: There was an advantage to the scan in the second trimester discovering malformations overall and an advantage to the early scan concerning aneuploidy. Lethal malformations were detected at a high level in both groups. The detection rate seemed lower for the obese women. In the screening for Down syndrome, the risk-estimate is unaffected by BMI. Detection of heart malformations needs improvement. By implementing new image modalities and providing hands-on training uncertainty in examining the fetal heart can be reduced.
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| 54. |
- Hobbins, Jennifer
(författare)
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Samhälle, individ och ansvar : En studie om synen på arbetslöshet
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to highlight and to problematize conceptions of unemployment in Swedish society. The questions guiding my work have been: Which conceptions of unemployment emerge in society? How are these dealt with by the unemployed? Work on the thesis has been guided by a social constructionist approach. The empirical findings are constituted by four publications which, in various ways, are linked to overarching aim of the thesis. These publications consist of an analysis of the legal regulation surrounding the unemployed, a study of the activities of civil society organisations working with unemployed and two publications based on interviews with long-term unemployed young adults.The thesis provides increased knowledge of conceptions of unemployment in Swedish society. It shows that there is a widespread societal discourse concerning the individual being responsible for her/his unemployment, and that this conception has historically been well-grounded in Swedish labour market and social policy, as well as in people’s understandings. Among representatives of civil society organisations and unemployed individuals, there is also both a questioning of and a resistance to this understanding, indicating a possible change in the discourse. The thesis further shows that the individualisation of responsibility greatly affects individuals’ approaches in social contexts, as well as in their contacts with government agencies, but also when it comes to relationships with politics and political involvement. These insights are significant, for example during both policy formulation and efforts for the unemployed, bearing in mind that consideration needs to be paid to individual prerequisites in order for the individual’s strengths and abilities to be utilized. This is particulary important when it comes to those in an exposed position.
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| 55. |
- Hultgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Acute coronary angiography after coronary artery bypass grafting.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2006 .- 1401-7431. ; 50:2, s. 123-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Coronary angiography is the golden standard when myocardial ischemia after CABG occurs. We summarize our experience of acute coronary angiography after CABG. Design All 4446 patients (mean age 68 ± 9 years, 22% women) who underwent CABG 2007 to 2012 were included in this retrospective observational study. Incidence, indications, findings, measures of acute angiography after CABG was assessed. Outcome variables were compared between patients who underwent angiography and those who did not. Results Eighty-seven patients (2%) underwent acute coronary angiography. Patients undergoing angiography had ECG changes (92%), echocardiographic alterations (48%), hemodynamic instability (28%), angina (15%), and/or arrhythmia (13%). Positive findings were detected in 69% of the cases. Only ECG changes as indication for angiography had a moderate association with positive findings, but the precision increased if other sign(s) of ischemia were present. Thirty-day mortality (7% versus 2%, p = 0.002) was higher and long-term-cumulative survival lower (77% versus 87% at five years, p = 0.043) in angiography patients. Conclusions Acute angiography is a rare event after CABG. Postoperative myocardial ischemia leading to acute coronary angiography is associated with increased short-term and long-term mortality.
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| 56. |
- Hultkrantz, Catharina, 1962-
(författare)
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Playtime! : en studie av lärares syn på film som pedagogiskt hjälpmedel i historieämnet på gymnasiet
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Showing movies to pupils is hardly a new, innovative teaching method. However, knowledge about how film is used and why, as well as what kind of film is used is scarce. In the present licentiate thesis, eight active teachers have been interviewed on their experiences with and approached to using film as a pedagogic tool in high school history lessons. The purpose of the study is to analyze the respective teachers´ use and understanding of history, based on their opinion of film as a didactic alternative. Why do teachers to use film in class? How do they describe the way in which they work with it in concrete teaching situations? What films do they use and what makes them suitable for classroom viewing?The teachers emphasize five primary ways in which they use movies as teaching tools and the advantages in doing so: to present facts; as an example of multiperspectivism; to promote ethics and empathy; to discuss source criticism; and to arouse interest. The teachers see documentary film as an accurate, reliable form of presenting facts while considering drama more complicated and important to address in class. The study shows that the teachers feel they are left to their own devices to discover film´s potential as creators of meaning but that they rarely have the educational background or time to engage colleagues in didactic reasoning on the subject. The type of films they consider as having the most favorable effect in the classroom generally deal with war and other conflicts from a Western perspective. Most see film as an effective secondary source but a few also see it as a useful primary source. Analyzing their statements as a whole, the informants articulate that while film is widely used in high school history classes, it is done so for very different reasons.
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| 57. |
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| 58. |
- Ivanov, Maxim, et al.
(författare)
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Single base resolution analysis of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in 188 human genes : implications for hepatic gene expression
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 44:14, s. 6756-6769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve the epigenomic analysis of tissues rich in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), we developed a novel protocol called TAB-Methyl-SEQ, which allows for single base resolution profiling of both hmC and 5-methylcytosine by targeted next-generation sequencing. TAB-Methyl-SEQ data were extensively validated by a set of five methodologically different protocols. Importantly, these extensive cross-comparisons revealed that protocols based on Tet1-assisted bisulfite conversion provided more precise hmC values than TrueMethyl-based methods. A total of 109 454 CpG sites were analyzed by TAB-Methyl-SEQ for mC and hmC in 188 genes from 20 different adult human livers. We describe three types of variability of hepatic hmC profiles: (i) sample-specific variability at 40.8% of CpG sites analyzed, where the local hmC values correlate to the global hmC content of livers (measured by LC-MS), (ii) gene-specific variability, where hmC levels in the coding regions positively correlate to expression of the respective gene and (iii) site-specific variability, where prominent hmC peaks span only 1 to 3 neighboring CpG sites. Our data suggest that both the gene-and site-specific components of hmC variability might contribute to the epigenetic control of hepatic genes. The protocol described here should be useful for targeted DNA analysis in a variety of applications.
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| 59. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A., et al.
(författare)
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Detailed Analysis of Variants in FTO in Association with Body Composition in a Cohort of 70-Year-Olds Suggests a Weakened Effect among Elderly
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:5, s. e20158-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The rs9939609 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene has previously been associated with higher BMI levels in children and young adults. In contrast, this association was not found in elderly men. BMI is a measure of overweight in relation to the individuals' height, but offers no insight into the regional body fat composition or distribution. Objective: To examine whether the FTO gene is associated with overweight and body composition-related phenotypes rather than BMI, we measured waist circumference, total fat mass, trunk fat mass, leg fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and daily energy intake in 985 humans (493 women) at the age of 70 years. In total, 733 SNPs located in the FTO gene were genotyped in order to examine whether rs9939609 alone or the other SNPs, or their combinations, are linked to obesity-related measures in elderly humans. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Results: Neither a single SNP, such as rs9939609, nor a SNP combination was significantly linked to overweight, body composition-related measures, or daily energy intake in elderly humans. Of note, these observations hold both among men and women. Conclusions: Due to the diversity of measurements included in the study, our findings strengthen the view that the effect of FTO on body composition appears to be less profound in later life compared to younger ages and that this is seemingly independent of gender.
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| 60. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A, et al.
(författare)
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The common FTO variant rs9939609 is not associated with BMI in a longitudinal study on a cohort of Swedish men born 1920-1924
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 10:131, s. 131-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Common FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene variants have recently been strongly associated with body mass index and obesity in several large studies. Here we set out to examine the association of the FTO variant rs9939609 with BMI in a 32 year follow up study of men born 1920-1924. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of physical activity on the different genotypes. METHODS: The FTO rs9936609 was genotyped using an Illumina golden gate assay. BMI was calculated using standard methods and body fat was estimated by measuring skinfold thickness using a Harpenden caliper. Physical activity was assessed using a four question medical questionnaire. RESULTS: FTO rs9939609 was genotyped in 1153 elderly Swedish men taking part of a population-based cohort study, the ULSAM cohort. The risk of obesity and differences in BMI according to genotype at the ages of 50, 60, 70, 77 and 82 were investigated. We found no increased risk of obesity and no association with BMI at any age with the FTO rs9939609 variant. We found however interaction between physical activity at the age of 50 years and genotype on BMI levels (p = 0.039) and there was a clear trend towards larger BMI differences between the TT and AA carriers as well as between AT and AA carriers in the less physically active subjects. CONCLUSION: Here we found that the well established obesity risk allele for a common variant in FTO does not associate with increased BMI levels in a Swedish population of adult men which reached adulthood before the appearance of today's obesogenic enviroment. There is an interaction between physical activity and the effect of the FTO genotype on BMI levels suggesting that lack of physical activity is a requirement for an association of FTO gene variants to obesity.
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