| 391. |
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| 392. |
- Wallman, Carl-Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Tema Vintermodell : etapp 2, huvudrapport
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med Vintermodellen är att beräkna och värdera de väsentligaste konsekvenserna för trafikanter, väghållare och samhälle av olika strategier och åtgärder inom vinterväghållningen. Huvudrapporten är i sig en sammanfattning av de rapporter som beskriver Vintermodellens olika delmodeller. Navet i Vintermodellen är Väglagsmodellen, som utgående från väderdata, vidtagna väghållningsåtgärder och trafik beräknar väglaget timme för timme under vintersäsongen. Väglagsmodellen styr beräkningarna i de olika effektmodellerna: Olycksmodellen, Framkomlighetsmodellen, Fordonskostnadsmodellen, Miljömodellen och Modellen för väghållarkostnader. I Olycksmodellen beräknas olyckskvoter, olyckstyper och konsekvenser, allt kopplat till olika väglag och deras varaktigheter.I Framkomlighetsmodellen beräknas olika väglags effekt på medelhastigheter och restider.I Fordonskostnadsmodellen beräknas kostnader för bränsleförbrukning och korrosion på grund av vägsalt.I Miljömodellen beräknas konsekvenserna för vägnära vegetation av vägsalt.I Modellen för väghållarkostnader beräknas dels direkta kostnader för åtgärderna, dels kostnader för skador och slitage på beläggning, vägmarkeringar etc. som följd av vinterväghållningsåtgärder.
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| 393. |
- Wallstrom, P, et al.
(författare)
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Serum concentrations of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol are associated with diet, smoking, and general and central adiposity
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 1938-3207. ; 73:4, s. 777-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies of associations between diet, obesity, and blood concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene have been equivocal. Furthermore, most studies used only body mass index (BMI) as an obesity measure. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to examine the associations between energy and nutrient intakes, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, and serum cholesterol and serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, and to examine the associations between different measures of general and central adiposity and serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 253 men and 276 women aged 46-67 y. Nutrient data were collected by a modified diet history method. Measures of obesity included BMI, percentage of body fat (impedance analysis), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference. The associations between serum nutrient concentrations and the other factors were examined by multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of men and 34% of women used antioxidant supplements. The mean BMI was 26.1 in men and 25.4 in women. Serum beta-carotene concentration was positively associated with serum cholesterol concentration, fiber intake, and beta-carotene intake, and negatively associated with smoking and all measures of obesity. In men, serum beta-carotene concentration was not significantly associated with central adiposity after adjustment for body fat. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was positively correlated with serum cholesterol, obesity, and vitamin E intake. In women, serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was also positively associated with intakes of ascorbic acid and selenium. Serum alpha-tocopherol concentration was associated with central adiposity after adjustment for body fat. CONCLUSION: Serum beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol concentrations have different associations with diet, smoking, general adiposity, and central adiposity.
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| 394. |
- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies against 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine Are Associated with Lifestyle Factors and GSTM1 Genotype: A Report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 12:5, s. 444-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma autoantibodies (aAbs) against the oxidized DNA base derivative 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-HMdU) are potential biomarkers of cancer risk and oxidative stress. We examined their association with a number of cancer risk factors: smoking, alcohol habits, body fatness, and absence of the glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in a sample from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (Sweden). This was a cross-sectional study of 264 men and 280 women, 46–67 years of age. Anti-5-HMdU aAb concentration was determined by an ELISA. Data on tobacco exposure were collected through a questionnaire. Alcohol consumption was estimated by a modified diet history method. Body fatness was assessed by a bioimpedance method. The absence or presence of genes coding for GSTM1 and GSTT1 was determined in granulocyte DNA by a multiplex PCR technique. aAb titers were significantly greater in those with high alcohol consumption. Current smokers lacking GSTM1, particularly men, had greater aAb titers compared with nonsmokers or persons expressing GSTM1. Body fatness was inversely associated with antibody titers in men. GSTT1 genotype was not associated with aAb titers. Overall, women had higher aAb titers than men. Adjustment for potential confounders (history of chronic diseases, anti-inflammatory medication, and season of blood sampling) did not change the results. Our study shows that a high alcohol consumption, smoking in combination with lack of GSTM1, and low body fatness (in men) is associated with high titers of anti-5-HMdU aAbs in this population.
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| 395. |
- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary habits after myocardial infarction - results from a cross-sectional study.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 257:4, s. 329-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Comparing habitual nutrient intakes in persons with a history of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and age-matched controls. Design. Cross-sectional study. Subjects. Men and women (525 cases and 1890 matched controls), aged 47-73 years, of the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Methods. Nutrient intakes were assessed by a validated modified diet history method. Body fatness was assessed by bioimpedance analysis. Case ascertainment was provided by national and regional registries. Men and women were analysed separately. Median time since AMI was 5.5 years in men and 3.8 years in women. Cases reported lower energy intakes (EIs) than controls, despite having similar basal metabolic rates. After adjustment for total EI, both male and female cases had lower fat intake and higher intake of several micronutrients, such as ascorbic acid, folate, and vitamin E, than controls, the difference being largest in men. Most of the cases reporting dietary change quoted 'disease' as their main reason for change. They had lower EI and lower energy-adjusted intake of fat than other cases. Conclusions. Survivors of AMI reported dietary habits more in line with current recommendations, particularly those who afterwards reported having changed their dietary habits. The possible bias introduced by social desirability is discussed.
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| 396. |
- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to risk factors for cancer: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 3:3, s. 263-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and other markers of cancer risk. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey within the population-based prospective Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study. Information on food habits was collected through the modified diet history method designed and validated for the MDC Study. Data on smoking and alcohol habits, leisure time physical activity, birth country, education, socioeconomic status and cohabitation status were collected through a questionnaire. SETTING: Malmo, the third largest city in Sweden. SUBJECTS: All subjects who entered the MDC Study during winter 1991 to summer 1994 (men and women living in Malmo, aged between 46 and 68 years), with a total of 15 173. RESULTS: Women consumed more fruit and vegetables than men. Low consumption of both fruits and vegetables was associated with unfavourable nutrient profiles: higher percentage of energy from fat and lower intakes of antioxidant nutrients and dietary fibre. Low consumption was also associated with smoking, low leisure time physical activity, low education and being born in Sweden. High age was associated with low vegetable consumption in both genders. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that several established risk markers and risk factors of cancer may be independently associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings suggest that the adverse effects of factors such as smoking, low physical activity and a high-fat diet could partly be explained by low consumption of fruit or vegetables. The implied health benefits of a low or moderate alcohol consumption may be similarly confounded by high consumption of fruit or vegetables.
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| 397. |
- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Serum beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in smokers and non-smokers - associations with food sources and supplemental intakes. A report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 23:2, s. 163-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood concentrations of beta-carotene (BC) and alpha-tocopherol (AT) are markers of lower risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear how well they serve as markers of, food consumption in a general population setting, in a country with a traditionally low vegetable consumption, or if they work equally well in smokers and non-smokers. We performed a cross-sectional study of 366 non-smokers and 163 smokers of both sexes, aged 46-67 y, who participated in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study (Sweden). Serum concentrations of BC and AT were determined by HPLC. Food habits were assessed by a validated modified diet history method. Intake of dietary supplements was calculated from a 7-day self-registration. We found that non-smokers had higher serum BC concentrations than smokers (arithmetic means 550 +/- 25 (SE) vs. 400 +/- 27 nmol/l, p < 0.001), but serum AT concentrations were similar (27.2 less than or equal to 0.43 vs. 27.0 < 0.65 mumol/l, p = 0.88). After adjustment for sex, serum cholesterol, obesity, and other sources of BC, consumption of carrots and leafy vegetables were moderately but positively associated with serum BC in non-smokers. In smokers, serum BC was positively associated with consumption of BC supplements only. The only AT sources associated with serum AT were vitamin E supplements. We also observed a positive association between serum BC and consumption of coffee in smokers. We conclude that serum BC concentration may not be a useful marker of vegetable consumption when vegetable consumption is low, that the foods associated with serum concentrations of BC differed by smoking status in this population, and that serum AT concentrations were only associated with dietary supplements, not with foods. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 398. |
- Walsh, Sarah H, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere length and correlation with histopathogenesis in B-cell leukemias/lymphomas
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 78:4, s. 283-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telomere length was recently reported to correlate with cellular origin of B-cell malignancies in relation to the germinal center (GC). In this report, we measured telomere length by quantitative-PCR in 223 B-cell lymphomas/leukemias and correlated results with immunoglobulin (Ig) mutation status and immunostainings for GC/non-GC subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Shortest telomeres were found in Ig-unmutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [median telomere to single copy gene value (T/S) 0.33], differing significantly to Ig-mutated CLL (0.63). Contrary to this, mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) exhibited similar telomere lengths regardless of Ig mutation status (0.47). Telomere length differed significantly between GC-like (0.73) and non-GC-like DLBCLs (0.43), and follicular lymphomas (FLs) had shorter telomeres (0.53) than GC-DLBCL. Hairy cell leukemias, which display Ig gene intraclonal heterogeneity, had longer telomeres (0.62) than FLs and non-GC-DLBCL, but shorter than GC-DLBCL. We conclude that although DLBCL and CLL subsets can be clearly distinguished, telomere length reflects many parameters and may not simply correlate with GC-related origin.
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| 399. |
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| 400. |
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