| 21. |
- Franzen-Röhl, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Increased cell-mediated immune responses in patients with recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI. - 1556-679X. ; 18:4, s. 655-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical picture of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection includes genital blisters and less frequently meningitis, and some individuals suffer from recurrent episodes of these manifestations. We hypothesized that adaptive and/or innate immune functional deficiencies may be a major contributing factor in susceptibility to recurrent HSV-2 meningitis. Ten patients with recurrent HSV-2 meningitis were studied during clinical remission. For comparison, 10 patients with recurrent genital HSV infections as well as 21 HSV-seropositive and 19 HSV-seronegative healthy blood donors were included. HSV-specific T cell blasting and cytokine secretion were evaluated in whole blood cultures. HSV-2-induced NK cell gamma interferon production, dendritic cell Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and TLR agonist-induced alpha interferon secretion were analyzed. Patients with recurrent HSV-2 meningitis had elevated T cell blasting and Th1 and Th2 cytokine production in response to HSV antigens compared to those of patients with recurrent genital infections. A somewhat increased NK cell response, increased dendritic cell expression of TLR3 and -9, and increased TLR-induced alpha interferon responses were also noted. Contrary to our expectation, recurrent HSV-2 meningitis patients have increased HSV-specific adaptive and innate immune responses, raising the possibility of immune-mediated pathology in the development of recurrent HSV2 meningitis.
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| 22. |
- Helgadóttir, Björg, et al.
(författare)
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The association between part-time and temporary employment and sickness absence : A prospective Swedish twin study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 29:1, s. 147-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sickness absence (SA) is becoming a major economic problem in many countries. Our aim was to investigate whether type of employment, including temporary employment or part-time employment, is associated with SA while controlling for familial factors (genetic and shared environment). Differences between men and women and across employment sectors were explored.Methods: This is a prospective twin study based on 21 105 twins born in Sweden 1959–85. The participants completed a survey in 2005 with follow-up of SA (≥15 days), using register data, until end of 2013. The data were analyzed with logistic regression, with results presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: Temporary employment involved higher odds of SA (OR=1.21 95% CI=1.04–1.40) compared to full-time employment. Both part-time workers (OR=0.84 95% CI=0.74–0.95) and the self-employed (OR=0.77 95%CI=0.62–0.94) had lower odds of SA. Stratifying by sex showed lower odds for part-timers (OR=0.82 95% CI=0.73–0.94) and self-employed women (OR=0.65 95% CI=0.47–0.90), but higher odds for men in temporary employment (OR=1.33 95% CI=1.03–1.72). Temporary employees in county councils (OR=1.73 95% CI=1.01–2.99) and municipalities (OR=1.41 95% CI=1.02–1.96) had higher odds while part-timers employed in the private sector had lower odds (OR=0.77 95% CI=0.64–0.93). Familial factors did not confound the association between employment type and SA.Conclusions: Employment type is associated with SA, with temporary employment involving a higher risk compared to permanent full-time employment while both part-time employment and self-employment involved a lower risk. The associations vary between women and men and across sectors.
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| 23. |
- Lindfors, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Stress in paid and unpaid work as related to salivary cortisol measures and subjective health complaints in women working in the public sector
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: From a biopsychosocial approach, moderate intensity and variation between demands of different life domains are central to health. Focusing on different aspects of work and non-work demands, we investigated how total workload (TWL) and work-family conflict (WFC) related to the stress marker cortisol and to subjective health complaints (SHC) among women working in the public sector. Overall, we hypothesized that more TWL and WFC would be reflected in poorer health.Design/methodology: Data came from a study of 250 women working within the health care sector. All provided self-reports in questionnaires on time spent on TWL and associated stress perceptions, WFC and SHC. A subsample of 68 women provided salivary samples during one workday. These samples were analyzed for cortisol and used to compute aggregate cortisol measures. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to investigate how TWL and WFC were related to cortisol and SHC respectively.Results: TWL stress from unpaid work was associated with cortisol. Also, stress from both paid and unpaid work, and TWL-stress, were related to SHC. Importantly, number of hours spent on paid and unpaid work were not linked to any health-related measure. Instead, stress perceptions were associated with both cortisol and SHC. This underscores the importance of individuals’ experiences of demands from different life domains for different health-related measures.Limitations: We included only women.Research/practical implications: Time use data are insufficient meaning that self-reports of individual experiences are needed.Originality/value: Combining biomarker data with self-reports is an obvious strength.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Löwhagen, Gun-Britt, 1942, et al.
(författare)
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Proportion of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 among genital and extragenital HSV isolates.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta dermato-venereologica. - 0001-5555. ; 82:2, s. 118-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been associated with orofacial infections and HSV type 2 (HSV-2) with genital infections. This tropism of the virus seems to have changed and in clinical reports an increasing number of genital herpes infections caused by HSV-1 have been recognized. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, among isolates from different anatomical sites typed in our laboratory during the years 1994-1998. Out of a total of 3,085 anogenital isolates, 29% were typed as HSV-1 and 71% as HSV-2. The highest prevalence of HSV-1 was registered among isolates from young women. Of 631 orofacial isolates, 4% were typed as HSV-2 and 96% as HSV-1. Of 69 finger/hand isolates, 54% were typed as HSV-1 and 46% as HSV-2, and of 95 isolates from other regions (abdomen, foot, etc.), 60% were typed as HSV-1 and 40% as HSV-2. It was found that HSV-2 was as common as HSV-1 in the extra-genital regions with the exception of the orofacial area, in which HSV-2 was seldom detected. Furthermore, the study showed an increasing proportion of HSV-1 among anogenital isolates during the study period. Taken together, these results suggest that a clear HSV type-related tropism might be limited to the permissiveness of the orofacial region for HSV-1, and that both serotypes may readily establish infections below the neck.
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| 26. |
- Mathew, Sherin T, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated Nrf2 stimulation using sulforaphane protects fibroblasts from ionizing radiation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-008X. ; 276:3, s. 188-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the cytotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation is mediated by radical-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Cellular protection from free radicals can be stimulated several fold by sulforaphane-mediated activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 that regulates more than 50 genes involved in the detoxification of reactive substances and radicals. Here, we report that repeated sulforaphane treatment increases radioresistance in primary human skin fibroblasts. Cells were either treated with sulforaphane for four hours once or with four-hour treatments repeatedly for three consecutive days prior to radiation exposure. Fibroblasts exposed to repeated-sulforaphane treatment showed a more pronounced dose-dependent induction of Nrf2-regulated mRNA and reduced amount of radiation-induced free radicals compared with cells treated once with sulforaphane. In addition, radiation- induced DNA double-strand breaks measured by gamma-H2AX foci were attenuated following repeated sulforaphane treatment. As a result, cellular protection from ionizing radiation measured by the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay was increased, specifically in cells exposed to repeated sulforaphane treatment. Sulforaphane treatment was unable to protect Nrf2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, indicating that the sulforaphane-induced radioprotection was Nrf2-dependent. Moreover, radioprotection by repeated sulforaphane treatment was dose-dependent with an optimal effect at 10 uM, whereas both lower and higher concentrations resulted in lower levels of radioprotection. Our data indicate that the Nrf2 system can be trained to provide further protection from radical damage. (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Nazir, Faisal Hayat, et al.
(författare)
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Expression and secretion of synaptic proteins during stem cell differentiation to cortical neurons.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neurochemistry international. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9754 .- 0197-0186. ; 121, s. 38-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synaptic function and neurotransmitter release are regulated by specific proteins. Cortical neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) provides an experimental model to obtain more information about synaptic development and physiology in vitro. In this study, expression and secretion of the synaptic proteins, neurogranin (NRGN), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) and synaptotagmin-1 (SYT-1) were analyzed during cortical neuronal differentiation. Protein levels were measured in cells, modeling fetal cortical development and in cell-conditioned media which was used as a model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), respectively. Human iPSC-derived cortical neurons were maintained over a period of at least 150 days, which encompasses the different stages of neuronal development. The differentiation was divided into the following stages: hiPSC, neuro-progenitors, immature and mature cortical neurons. We show that NRGN was first expressed and secreted by neuro-progenitors while the maximum was reached in mature cortical neurons. GAP-43 was expressed and secreted first by neuro-progenitors and its expression increased markedly in immature cortical neurons. SYT-1 was expressed and secreted already by hiPSC but its expression and secretion peaked in mature neurons. SNAP-25 was first detected in neuro-progenitors and the expression and secretion increased gradually during neuronal stages reaching a maximum in mature neurons. The sensitive analytical techniques used to monitor the secretion of these synaptic proteins during cortical development make these data unique, since the secretion of these synaptic proteins has not been investigated before in such experimental models. The secretory profile of synaptic proteins, together with low release of intracellular content, implies that mature neurons actively secrete these synaptic proteins that previously have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. These data support further studies of human neuronal and synaptic development in vitro, and would potentially shed light on the mechanisms underlying altered concentrations of the proteins in bio-fluids in neurodegenerative diseases.
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| 29. |
- Neuhaus, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of “To Err Is Human” on patient safety in anesthesiology. A bibliometric analysis of 20 years of research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-858X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patient safety gained public notoriety following the 1999 report of the Institute of Medicine: To Err is Human – Building a Safer Health System which summarized a culminated decades' worth of research that had so far been largely ignored. The aim of this study was to analyze the report's impact on patient safety research in anesthesiology.Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed on all anesthesiologic publications from 2000 to 2019 that referenced To Err Is Human. In bibliometric literature, references are understood to represent an author's conscious decision to express a relationship between his own manuscript and the cited document.Results: The anesthesiologic data base contained 1.036 publications. The journal with the most references to the IOM report is Anesthesia & Analgesia. By analyzing author keywords and patterns of collaboration, changes in the patient safety debate and its core themes in anesthesiology over time could be visualized. The generic notion of “error,” while initially a central topic in the scientific discourse, was subsequently replaced by terms representing a more granular, team-oriented, and educational approach. Patient safety research in anesthesia, while profiting from a certain intellectual and conceptual head start, showed a discursive shift toward more managerial, quality-management related topics as observed in the health care system as a whole.Conclusions: Over the last 20 years, the research context expanded from the initial focus set forth by the IOM report, which ultimately led to an underrepresentation of research on critical incident reporting and systemic approaches to safety. Important collaborations with safety researchers from outside of health care dating back to the 1990's were gradually reduced, while previous research within anesthesiology was aligned with a broader, more managerial patient safety agenda.
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| 30. |
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