| 31. |
- Amin, Nuhu, et al.
(författare)
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Dependency of sanitation infrastructure on the discharge of faecal coliform and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in wastewater from COVID and non-COVID hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater can be used as an indicator of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in specific catchment areas. We conducted a hospital-based study to explore wastewater management in healthcare facilities and analyzed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the hospital wastewater in Dhaka city during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak between September 2020-January 2021. We selected three COVID-hospitals, two non-COVID-hospitals, and one non-COVID-hospital with COVID wards, conducted spot-checks of the sanitation systems (i.e., toilets, drainage, and septic-tank), and collected 90 untreated wastewater effluent samples (68 from COVID and 22 from non-COVID hospitals). E. coli was detected using a membrane filtration technique and reported as colony forming unit (CFU). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected using the iTaq Universal Probes One-Step kit for RT-qPCR amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab and N gene targets and quantified for SARS-CoV-2 genome equivalent copies (GEC) per mL of sample. None of the six hospitals had a primary wastewater treatment facility; two COVID hospitals had functional septic tanks, and the rest of the hospitals had either broken onsite systems or no containment of wastewater. Overall, 100 % of wastewater samples were positive with a high concentration of E.coli (mean = 7.0 log10 CFU/100 mL). Overall, 67 % (60/90) samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The highest SARS-CoV-2 concentrations (median: 141 GEC/mL; range: 13-18,214) were detected in wastewater from COVID-hospitals, and in non-COVID-hospitals, the median SARS-CoV-2 concentration was 108 GEC/mL (range: 30-1829). Our results indicate that high concentrations of E. coli and SARS-CoV-2 were discharged through the hospital wastewa-ter (both COVID and non-COVID) without treatment into the ambient water bodies. Although there is no evidence for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via wastewater, this study highlights the significant risk posed by wastewater from health care facilities in Dhaka for the many other diseases that are spread via faecal oral route. Hospitals in low-income settings could function as sentinel sites to monitor outbreaks through wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance systems. Hospitals should aim to adopt the appropriate wastewater treatment technologies to reduce the discharge of pathogens into the environment and mitigate environmental exposures.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Amiri, V., et al.
(författare)
-
Groundwater quality evaluation using Shannon information theory and human health risk assessment in Yazd province, central plateau of Iran
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the most arid province of Iran, Yazd. It is highly dependent on groundwater resources to meet the domestic, industrial, and agricultural water demand. Position of water samples on the modified Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction with silicates and the increase in direct cation exchange are responsible for the increased salinity of groundwater. Based on entropy theory, the decreasing order of importance of variables in controlling groundwater chemistry is Fe > As > Ba > Hg > NO2 > Pb > K > Cl > Na > Mg > SO4 > NO3 > HCO3 > Ca. The results of entropy weighted water quality index (EWWQI) calculation show that about 34 and 32% of 206 samples in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, are classified as extremely poor quality (ranks 4 and 5). Approximately 60 and 55% of 206 samples in wet and dry seasons, respectively, have excellent, good, and medium quality (ranks 1, 2, and 3). The non-carcinogenic human health risk (NHHR) from intake and dermal contact pathways using deterministic approach show that 36 and 17 samples in both seasons are not suitable for drinking by children. Furthermore, 9 and 2 samples are not suitable for drinking by adults. The results show that children are more vulnerable than adults to these health risks. The non-carcinogenic risks through dermal contact were negligible.
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| 34. |
- Amiri, Vahab, et al.
(författare)
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Mercury pollution in the coastal Urmia aquifer in northwestern Iran : potential sources, mobility, and toxicity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 28:14, s. 17546-17562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentration of total dissolved mercury (HgT) in surface and groundwater resources in the coastal parts of Urmia aquifer (NW of Iran) was investigated to identify the possible sources and sinks of mercury and the geochemical mechanisms controlling its mobilization. The distribution of water samples on the Piper diagram demonstrates that most samples have the Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies. From 62 water samples collected in this area, one sample contained HgT concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant level recommended by the WHO (6 μg/L). The principal component analysis (PCA) produced five principal components. The positive moderate correlation of HgT with EC, Cl, K, Mg, and Na indicated that the weathering of geological formations was one of the main sources of mercury in groundwater samples. Position of water samples in Eh-pH regions where microorganisms involved in mercury methylation and mineralization were potentially active demonstrated that the aquifer had undergone sulfate reduction and had reached the final stage of the terminal electron accepting process (TEAP) sequence in the methane production processes which are limited to only 37% of the water samples that have anaerobic conditions. Some Hg-bearing species are in nonequilibrium geochemical conditions. The supersaturation of water samples with magnetite and goethite indicated that these Fe-bearing minerals could act as the strong reducing agents for the reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0).
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| 35. |
- Amiri, V., et al.
(författare)
-
The hydrogeochemical evaluation of groundwater resources and their suitability for agricultural and industrial uses in an arid area of Iran
- 2021
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrogeochemical and quality status of groundwater resources in Yazd province, the central plateau of Iran, has been investigated. The most common water type, followed by chemical facies in this study area, is Cl type (with 50.46%) and Na–Cl facies (47.71%), respectively. Besides, the most samples with industrial and agricultural uses show the Cl type and Na–Cl hydrochemical facies. The position of samples on the Gibbs and van Wirdum diagrams indicate that the water-rock interaction and dissolution of evaporites are the main controlling process of water chemistry. Distribution of samples based on Na/Cl vs. EC, Ca + Mg vs. SO4 + HCO3, and Na–Cl vs. Ca + Mg–SO4–HCO3 highlight the significant role of direct ion exchange in water chemistry change. The water quality for agricultural use is assessed based on some indices including EC, Na%, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), permeability index (PI), Kelly's ratio (KR), and Wilcox diagram. In general, the water quality for irrigation purposes is mainly excellent to permissible. The water quality assessment for industrial purposes is performed using some indices including Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Larson-Skold Index (L-SI), Puckorious scaling index (PSI), and total hardness (TH). Based on these indices, most groundwater samples have mild to high potential to corrode the equipment and pipelines.
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| 36. |
- Annaduzzaman, Md, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic and manganese in shallow tubewells : validation of platform color as a screening tool in Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-801X. ; 6, s. 181-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to evaluate the potential of handpump tubewell platform color as a low-cost, quick and convenient screening tool for As and Mn in drinking water tubewells. For this study, groundwater samples and corresponding tubewell platform pictures were collected from 272 shallow tubewells in Matlab Upazila of South-Eastern Bangladesh. The result shows that arsenic concentration within the surveyed (n = 272) tubewells, 99% (n = 269) exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value of 10 µg/L, and 98% (n = 267) exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standards (BDWS) of 50 µg/L. In relation to the platform color concept, within 233 (total 272) red colored platform tubewells, 230 (99%) exceeded the WHO guideline value of 10 µg/L, and 229 (98%) tubewells exceeded BDWS of 50 µg/L. This result shows a strong correlation between the development of red color stain on tubewell platform and As concentrations in the corresponding tubewell water. This study suggests that red-colored platform can be used for primary identification of tubewells with an elevated level of As and thus could prioritize sustainable As mitigation management in developing countries where water comes from reductive shallow aquifers. This study did not confirm the potential for Mn screening, as red discoloration by Fe oxides was found to mask the black discoloration of Mn oxides. It is recommended to further investigate this screening tool in regions with a higher well-to-well variability of As contaminations, as in the presented study As was found >10ug/L in 99% of the tubewells.
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| 37. |
- Annaduzzaman, Md., et al.
(författare)
-
Tubewell platform color : A low-cost and rapid screening tool for arsenic and manganese in drinking water
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Presence of high level of geogenic arsenic (As) in groundwater is one of the major and adverse drinking water quality problem all over the world, especially in Southeast Asia, where groundwater is the prominent drinking water source. Bangladesh is already considered as one of the most As affected territories, where As contamination in the groundwater is key environmental disasters. Recently besides As, presence of high level of manganese (Mn) in drinking water has also got attention due to its neurological effect on children. It becomes very essential to formulate a reliable safe drinking water management policy to reduce the health threat caused by drinking As and Mn contained groundwater. The development of a simple low cost technique for the determination of As and Mn in drinking water wells is an important step to formulate this policy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentiality of tubewell platform color as low-cost, quick and convenient screening tool for As and Mn in drinking water wells (n=272) in a highly arsenic affected area on Matlab, Southeastern Bangladesh.The result shows strong correlation between the development of red color stain on tubewell platform and As enrichment in the corresponding tubewell water compared to WHO drinking water guideline (10 μg/L) as well as Bangladesh drinking water standard (BDWS) (50 μg/L), with certainty values of 98.7% and 98.3% respectively. The sensitivity and efficiency of red colored platforms to screen high As water in tubewells are 98% and 97% respectively at 10 μg/L, whereas at cut-off level of 50μg/L both sensitivity and efficiency values are 98%. This study suggests that red colored platform could be potentially used for primary identification of tubewells with elevated level of As and thus could prioritise sustainable As mitigation management in developing countries. Due to lack of tubewells with black colored platform in the study area, the use of platform color concept for screening of Mn enriched water in the wells have not been tested significantly, which requires further study.Acknowledgements: This study was carried out with support from the Liuuaeus-Palme Academic Exchange Programme supported by International Programs Office (IPK) and the KTH led joint collaborative action research project on Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation- SASMIT (Sid Contribution 750000854).
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| 38. |
- Annaduzzaman, Md., et al.
(författare)
-
Tubewell platform color as a screening tool for arsenic in shallow drinking water wells in Bangladesh
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability - Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016. - : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138029415 ; , s. 632-633
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of a simple and low cost technique for determination of arsenic (As) in drinking water wells is an urgent need to accelerate As mitigation policy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentiality of tubewell platform color as low-cost, quick and convenient screening tool for As. The result shows strong correlation between the development of red color stain on tubewells platform and As enrichment in the corresponding tubewells water compared to WHO (10 μg/L) and BDWS (50 μg/L), with 99% certainty. The red color stain in the platform indicates 98% sensitivity with WHO (10 μg/L) and BDWS (50 μg/L). With regard to WHO and BDWS, the corresponding efficiency of the platform color as screening tool for As are 97.3% and 97%. This study suggests that platform color can be potentially used for screening tubewells, help users switch to tube wells with low As and facilitate sustainable As mitigation efforts in developing countries.
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| 39. |
-
Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases
- 2010
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The congress "Arsenic in the Environment" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for arsenic research aimed at short-term solutions of problems with considerable social impact, rather than only focusing on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical and other specific issues on arsenic on a broader environmental realm. The congress "Arsenic in the Environment" was first organized in Mexico City (As 2006 ) followed by As 2008 in Valencia, Spain. The Third International Congress As 2010 was held in Tainan, Taiwan from May 17-21, 2010 entitled: "Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases". The session topics comprised:1. Geology + hydrogeology of arsenic;2. Ecological effects: Arsenic in soils, plants and food chain;3. Marine + terrestrial biota;4. Health effects on humans: Epidemiology + biomarkers;5. Toxicological effects;6. Assessment and remediation;7. Analytical methods. Hosting this congress in Taiwan was especially relevant, because the endemic Blackfoot Disease, related to the arsenic uptake from drinking water supplied by artesian wells, was discovered here half a century ago. Since then Taiwan has become an important region specializing in arsenic research. This volume presents the extended abstracts of the congress and will give the latest state of the art knowledge based on current research performed by the global scientific community.
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| 40. |
- Aullón Alcaine, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Geogenic arsenic and fluoride in shallow aquifers of northeastern La Pampa, Argentina : mobility constraints
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High concentrations of geogenic arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) in groundwater have been reported at elevated concentrations in different parts of the Chaco-Pampean Plain, in Argentina, where more than 2 million people may be exposed to high levels of these toxic elements through drinking water. Groundwater from the shallow aquifer is far exceeding the permissible WHO Standard limits of 10 μg/L for As and 1.5 mg/L for fluoride, as well as the Argentinean Standard limit of 50 μg/L for As. Geogenic As results due to the weathering of ash originated by volcanic eruptions from the Andean Cordillera and transported by wind and deposited along with the sediments and also as discrete layers and lenses over large geographical area containing around 90% of rhyolitic glass. Groundwater is hosted in a sandy silty interconnected system of aquifers and aquitards within the The Pampean aquifer. A total of 44 groundwater samples were collected from the shallow aquifers in NE of La Pampa province. Two rural areas covering an area of 600km2 in Quemú Quemú (QQ) and 300km2 in Intendente Alvear (IA) were investigated in the present study. Groundwater was circum-neutral to alkaline (pH 7.43-9.18), predominantly oxidizing (Eh ~0.24 V) with widely variable EC range (456-11,400 μS/cm). The major cation dissolved in groundwater was Na+, while the predominant anions were HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-, respectively. Water type in QQ was mostly Na-HCO3- while in IA, the composition differed between Na-HCO3- and Na-Cl-SO42- water types. Groundwater composition showed high degree of mineralization and high salinity evidenced by high EC. In discharge areas, high evaporation rates result in high salinity of shallow groundwater and visible salts incrustations on the surface of the lakes. Elevated concentrations of NO3- and PO43- observed in some wells indicated possible anthropogenic contamination. Total As concentration in groundwater from QQ ranged from 5.58 to 535 μg/L, where 94% of the wells exceeded the WHO standard limit for safe drinking water of 10 μg/L, and 56% of the wells exceeded the old Argentine standard limit of 50 μg/L. F- concentrations revealed heterogeneity and high concentrations in some wells (0.5-14.2 mg/L), 78% of samples in QQ study area exceeded the WHO standard limit of 1.5 mg/L. Under oxidizing conditions and neutral to alkaline pH, arsenate (AsV) species predominated, mainly in HAsO42- forms. As "hotspots" indicated locally contamination and correlated positively with F-, HCO3-, B and V and showed negative correlation with salinity, dissolved Fe, Al and Mn. The mechanisms involved in the mobilization of As in the shallow aquifers are controlled by the rise of pH, variations in Eh conditions and the presence of competitor ions (HCO3-, PO43-, Si, V oxyanions). Geochemical processes like adsorption/desorption, precipitation/dissolution and redox reactions may trigger to As mobilization in the shallow aquifers of La Pampa region.
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