| 21. |
- Bigler, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative multiproxy assessment of long-term patterns of Holocene environmental change from a small lake near Abisko, northern Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 12:4, s. 481-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative reconstructions are made of Holocene changes in climatic and environmental conditions from analyses of pollen, chironomids and diatoms in identical stratigraphic levels of a sediment core from Vuoskku-javri (68degrees20'43 N, 19degrees06'00 E, 348 m a.s.l.) near Abisko in northern Sweden (Lapland). Transfer functions, based on regional calibration sets, are applied to reconstruct Holocene patterns in mean July air temperature (using all three indicators). mean January air temperature (pollen), annual precipitation (pollen) and lakewater pH (diatoms). During periods with 'good' fit to the modern calibration sets all mean July air-temperature inferences based on the three proxy indicators reveal a general trend of decreasing temperature: pollen-inferred mean July air temperature shows a decrease of c, 1.1degreesC since 7500 cal. yrs BP; the chironomids show a decrease of c. 1.2degreesC since the early Holocene whereas the diatoms show a decrease of c. 1.5degreesC since 6000 cal. yrs BP. Pollen-inferred mean January air temperature indicates that winters may have been warmer by c. 3.0degreesC during the early Holocene, followed by a gradual cooling until 8500 cal. yrs BP (c. 1.0degreesC warmer than today) and a subsequent warming until 7000 cal. yrs BP (c. 2.0degreesC warmer than today). Since 7000 cal, yrs BP, a gradual cooling towards the present-day values is inferred. According to the pollen, annual precipitation may have been considerably higher during the early Holocene than today (c. +150 mm) and increased until 7000 cal. yrs BP (c. +320 mm). Since 7000 cal. yrs BP, annual precipitation decreased continuously towards present-day values. Diatom-inferred pH trends show that natural acidification of c. 0.5 pH units followed deglaciation; present-day values were reached c. 5000 cal. yrs BP. The early Holocene is identified as a problematic time period for the application of modern calibration sets. as diatoms show 'poor' fit to the calibration set from 10 600 to 6000 cal. yrs BP. pollen from 10 600 to 7500 cal. yrs BP, and chironomids from 10 250 to 10 000 cal. yrs BP. Compared with estimates from the COHMAP GCM model, mean July air-temperature inferences based on biological proxies at Vuoskkujavri suggest a more moderate decrease in temperature over the past 9000 years.
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| 22. |
- Capo, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Lake sedimentary dna research on past terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity: Overview and recommendations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Quaternary. - : MDPI. - 2571-550X. ; 4:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of lake sedimentary DNA to track the long-term changes in both terrestrial and aquatic biota is a rapidly advancing field in paleoecological research. Although largely applied nowadays, knowledge gaps remain in this field and there is therefore still research to be conducted to ensure the reliability of the sedimentary DNA signal. Building on the most recent literature and seven original case studies, we synthesize the state-of-the-art analytical procedures for effective sampling, extraction, amplification, quantification and/or generation of DNA inventories from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) via high-throughput sequencing technologies. We provide recommendations based on current knowledge and best practises.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Meyer-Jacob, Carsten, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional Holocene climate and landscape changes recorded in the large subarctic lake Torneträsk, N Fennoscandia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 487, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the response of sensitive Arctic and subarctic landscapes to climate change is essential to determine the risks of ongoing and projected climate warming. However, these responses will not be uniform in terms of timing and magnitude across the landscape because of site-specific differences in ecosystem susceptibility to climate forcing. Here we present a multi-proxy analysis of a sediment record from the 330-km2 lake Torneträsk to assess the sensitivity of the Fennoscandian subarctic landscape to climate change over the past ~ 9500 years. By comparing responses of this large-lake system to past climatic and environmental changes with those in small lakes in its catchment, we assessed when the magnitude of change was sufficient to affect an entire region rather than only specific sub-catchments that may be more sensitive to localized environmental changes such as, e.g., tree-line dynamics. Our results show three periods of regional landscape alteration with distinct change in sediment composition: i) landscape development following deglaciation and through the Holocene Thermal Maximum, ~ 9500–3400 cal yr BP; ii) increased soil erosion during the Little Ice Age (LIA); and iii) rapid change during the past century coincident with ongoing climate change. The gradual landscape development led to successive changes in the lake sediment composition over several millennia, whereas climate cooling during the late Holocene caused a rather abrupt shift occurring within ~ 100 years. However, this shift at the onset of the LIA (~ 750 cal yr BP) occurred > 2000 years later than the first indications for climate cooling recorded in small lakes in the Torneträsk catchment, suggesting that a critical ecosystem threshold was not crossed until the LIA. In contrast, the ongoing response to recent climate change was immediate, emphasizing the unprecedented scale of ongoing climate changes in subarctic Fennoscandia.
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| 25. |
- Olesen, Pernille J, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study on the influence of brain atrophy on 20-year survival after age 85.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878. ; 76:10, s. 879-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals aged 80 years and older is the fastest growing segment of the population worldwide. To understand the biology behind increasing longevity, it is important to examine factors related to survival in this age group. The relationship between brain atrophy and survival after age 85 remains unclear.
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| 26. |
- Persson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of epilithic material in streams has potential for monitoring impact from mining
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - Washington : American Chemical Society. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 41:8, s. 2874-2880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene—encoding an enzyme that is essential for the degradation of dopamine (DA) in prefrontal cortex (PFC)—contains a single nucleotide polymorphism (val/met) important for cognition. According to the tonic–phasic hypothesis, individuals carrying the low-enzyme-activity allele (met) are characterized by enhanced tonic DA activity in PFC, promoting sustained cognitive representations in working memory. Val carriers have reduced tonic but enhanced phasic dopaminergic activity in subcortical regions, enhancing cognitive flexibility. We tested the tonic–phasic DA hypothesis by dissociating sustained and transient brain activity during performance on a 2-back working memory test using mixed blocked/event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were men recruited from a random sample of the population (the Betula study) and consisted of 11 met/met and 11 val/val carriers aged 50 to 65 years, matched on age, education, and cognitive performance. There were no differences in 2-back performance between genotype groups. Met carriers displayed a greater transient medial temporal lobe response in the updating phase of working memory, whereas val carriers showed a greater sustained PFC activation in the maintenance phase. These results support the tonic–phasic theory of DA function in elucidating the specific phenotypic influence of the COMT val158met polymorphism on different components of working memory.
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| 27. |
- Ruth, Urs, et al.
(författare)
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Ice core evidence for a very tight link between North Atlantic and east Asian glacial climate
- 2007
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Ingår i: GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS. ; 34:L03706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corresponding millennial-scale climate changes havebeen reported from the North Atlantic region and from eastAsia for the last glacial period on independent timescalesonly. To assess their degree of synchrony we suggestinterpreting Greenland ice core dust parameters as proxiesfor the east Asian monsoon systems. This allows comparingNorth Atlantic and east Asian climate on the same timescalein high resolution ice core data without relative datinguncertainties. We find that during Dansgaard-Oeschgerevents North Atlantic region temperature and east Asianstorminess were tightly coupled and changed synchronouslywithin 5–10 years with no systematic lead or lag, thusproviding instantaneous climatic feedback. The tight linkbetween North Atlantic and east Asian glacial climate couldhave amplified changes in the northern polar cell to largerscales. We further find evidence for an early onset of aYounger Dryas-like event in continental Asia, which givesevidence for heterogeneous climate change within east Asiaduring the last deglaciation.
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| 28. |
- Skoog, Ingmar, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Head size may modify the impact of white matter lesions on dementia.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-1497 .- 0197-4580. ; 33:7, s. 1186-1193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to examine whether total intracranial volume (TICV), a marker of premorbid brain size, modified the impact of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) e4 phenotype and ischemic white matter lesions (WMLs) on odds for dementia. The study comprised a population-based sample of 104 demented and 135 nondemented 85-year-olds, and included physical and neuropsychiatric examinations, and head computerized tomography (CT). Dementia disorders were defined according to standard criteria. TICV and WMLs were rated on computerized tomography. Using the highest group as reference, the risk for dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) was increased in those with the smallest half, tertile, and quartile of TICV. Smaller TICV increased the odds of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia in participants with WMLs. WMLs were not associated with increased odds of dementia in those with the largest TICV. The interaction term WMLs*TICV was also significant. TICV did not modify the odds of dementia in those with the apolipoprotein e4 phenotype. Our results suggest that the impact of brain pathology on the risk of dementia is modified by premorbid brain size.
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| 29. |
- Steffensen, Jörgen Peder, et al.
(författare)
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High-Resolution Greenland Ice Core Data Show Abrupt Climate Change Happens in Few Years
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 321, s. 680-684
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The last two abrupt warmings at the onset of our present warm interglacial period, interrupted bythe Younger Dryas cooling event, were investigated at high temporal resolution from the NorthGreenland Ice Core Project ice core. The deuterium excess, a proxy of Greenland precipitationmoisture source, switched mode within 1 to 3 years over these transitions and initiated a moregradual change (over 50 years) of the Greenland air temperature, as recorded by stable waterisotopes. The onsets of both abrupt Greenland warmings were slightly preceded by decreasingGreenland dust deposition, reflecting the wetting of Asian deserts. A northern shift of theIntertropical Convergence Zone could be the trigger of these abrupt shifts of Northern Hemisphereatmospheric circulation, resulting in changes of 2 to 4 kelvin in Greenland moisture sourcetemperature from one year to the next.
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| 30. |
- von Gunten, L., et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal temperatures for the past ~400 years reconstructed from diatom and chironomid assemblages in a high-altitude lake (Lej da la Tscheppa, Switzerland)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 39, s. 283–299-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analysed a 42 cm long sediment record from Lej da la Tscheppa, a high-altitude lake (2,616 m a.s.l.) in the Upper Engadine valley (Switzerland) for subfossil diatoms, chironomids and pollen. The chronology of the top 21 cm of the record was established using 210Pb analysis using a constant-rate-of-supply model, and validated with 137Cs measurements and the content of spheroidal carbonaceous particles. A tentative chronology for the lower part of the core was obtained through extrapolation of the sedimentation rates in the uppermost part of the record. Pollen assemblages in the record reflect regional changes in forestation and land-use patterns in the Upper Engadine valley and show no evidenceof significant local human activity in the lake’s catchment. Diatom assemblages record a distinct increase in planktonic taxa since the early 19th century, suggesting a decrease in the duration of ice-cover. In contrast, chironomid assemblages remained stable during a large part of the record. We applied an established chironomid-based July air temperature transfer function and a newly developed diatom-based spring air temperature transfer function to reconstruct past seasonal air temperature changes at Lej da la Tscheppa. The reconstructions indicate a diatom-inferred warming trend in spring temperatures during the past ca. 400 years, whereas chironomid-inferred summer temperatures suggest a slight cooling trend.
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