| 121. |
- Silfverdal, Sven-Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Long term enhancement of the IgG2 antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b by breast-feeding.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 21:9, s. 816-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUBJECTS: Sets of sera were obtained from 30 children <6 years of age with invasive type b (Hib) infection and their mothers. Duration and mode of breast-feeding were monitored. Titers of IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM antibodies against Hib capsular polysaccharide were determined in sera taken during the acute illness and during early and late convalescence. RESULTS: Children 18 months or older with longer durations of exclusive breast-feeding (13 weeks or more; mean, 19.3 weeks) had higher Hib antibody concentrations of the IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM isotypes than those with a shorter duration of exclusive breast-feeding (<13 weeks; mean, 5.4 weeks). The difference was greatest for the IgG2 isotype. In regression analyses the association between the duration of exclusive breast-feeding and the anti-Hib IgG2 concentration was significant when breast-feeding, type of Hib infection, maternal Hib antibody titer and age were used as explanatory factors. In the group of 14 children <18 months of age no significant differences were noted. DISCUSSION: This study indicates the presence of a long lasting enhancing effect of breast-feeding on the antibody response to Hib in children, in particular on IgG2 Hib antibody production. This may result from the content in the milk of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma-producing cells and possibly other factors, which can support IgG2 antibody production.
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| 122. |
- Silfverdal, Sven-Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term enhancement of the lgG2 antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b by breastfeeding
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Subjects. Sets of sera were obtained from 30 children below 6 years of age with invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection, and therr mothers. DuratiOn and mode of breastfeeding were registered. Levels of IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM antibodies agamst Hrb capsular polysaccharide (CP) were determined in sera taken during acute the illness as well as in the early and late convalescence.Results. Children 18 months or older with longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding (13 weeks or more, mean 19.3 weeks) had higher anti-Rib antibody levels of the IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM isotypes than those with shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding (less than 13 weeks, mean 5.4 weeks). The difference between the breastfeeding groups was greatest for the IgG2 isotype. In regression analyses the association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the anti-Hib IgG2 level was significant when breastfeeding, type of Hib infection, maternal anti-Rib antibody level and age were used as explanatory factors. In the group of 14 children below 18 months of age no significant differences were noted.Discussion. Human milk is rich in IFN-y as well as in IFN-y producing cells, which may result in a specific stimulatory effect of breastfeeding on the IgG2 anti-Rib antibody response. In conclusion, this study indicates the presence of a long lasting enhancing effect of breastfeeding on the antibody response to Hib in children, in particular on IgG2 anti-Hib antibody production.
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| 123. |
- Silfverdal, Sven Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Protective effect of breastfeeding : an ecologic study of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis and breastfeeding in a Swedish population
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 28:1, s. 152-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In Orebro County, Sweden, a 2.5-fold increase in the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae (HI) meningitis was found between 1970 and 1980. In a case-control study of possible risk factors for invasive HI infection conducted in the same area, 1987-1992, breastfeeding was found to be a strong protective factor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to study the relation between incidence rates of HI meningitis between 1956-1992 and breastfeeding rates in the population an ecologic study was performed. RESULTS: A strong (negative) correlation between breastfeeding and incidence of HI infection 5 to 10 years later (rho(xy) (s) approximately -0.6) was seen, whereas no relation seems to exist for the time lag 15 years and beyond. The correlation for contemporary data was intermediate. There were similar results for the breastfeeding proportions at 2, 4 as well as 6 months of age. DISCUSSION: Our ecologic data are consistent with results from our case-control study. The time-lag for the delayed effect on the population level could be estimated although sparse data make the estimates vulnerable to sampling fluctuations. Limitations with ecologic studies are discussed. CONCLUSION: There seems to be an association between high breastfeeding rate in the population and a reduced incidence of HI meningitis 5 to 10 years later. These results do have implications on strategies for breastfeeding promotion, especially in countries where Hib vaccination is too costly and not yet implemented.
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| 124. |
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| 125. |
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| 126. |
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| 127. |
- Souza, Domingos, et al.
(författare)
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Improved patency in vein grafts harvested with surrounding tissue : results of a randomized study using three harvesting techniques
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 73:4, s. 1189-1195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The technique of harvesting the saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting influences the fate of vein grafts. The patency rate of a novel "no-touch" technique in which the vein is harvested with a pedicle of surrounding tissue and not distended was compared with two other techniques.METHODS: One hundred fifty-six patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to three saphenous vein harvesting groups: group C (conventional)--the vein was stripped, distended, and stored in saline; group I (intermediate)--the vein was stripped, local application of papaverine was used instead of distention, and the vessel was then stored in heparinized blood; and group NT (no-touch)--the vein was harvested with surrounding tissue, not distended, and stored in heparinized blood. Surgical and clinical factors that might influence graft occlusion were recorded. One hundred twenty-seven vein grafts in group C, 116 in group I, and 124 in group NT, as well as 118 left internal mammary artery grafts, were angiographically assessed at 18 months mean follow-up time.RESULTS: The vein graft patency was 88.9% in group C, 86.2% in group I, and 95.4% in group NT. There was a statistically significant difference between the patency of the single-vein grafts in NT and the other two groups (p = 0.025). The higher the flow, the better the patency irrespective of the technique used. A higher attrition rate was found in vein segments taken from the knee area in group I. Poor vein quality affected patency in all groups. Forty-seven of all 51 sequential grafts (92.2%) were patent. The patency of left internal mammary artery grafts was 108 of 118 (91.5%).CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that preservation of the surrounding tissue of the saphenous vein using this no-touch technique abolishes venospasm intraoperatively and plays an important role in maintaining vein graft function and patency.
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| 128. |
- Souza, Domingos S. R., et al.
(författare)
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Harvesting the saphenous vein with surrounding tissue for CABG provides long-term graft patency comparable to the left internal thoracic artery : results of a randomized longitudinal trial
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-5223 .- 1097-685X. ; 132:2, s. 373-U75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Conventional harvesting of the saphenous vein in coronary artery bypass surgery produces vessel damage that contributes to graft failure. A novel "no touch" technique provides high short- and long-term patency rates.Method: This randomized longitudinal trial compares graft patency of two patient groups undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Conventional: 52 patients had their veins stripped, distended, and stored in saline solution. No-touch: 52 patients had veins removed with surrounding tissue, not distended, and stored in heparinized blood. Angiographic assessment was performed at mean time 18 months after the operation in 46 patients in the conventional group and 45 patients in the no-touch group and repeated at mean time 8.5 years in 37 patients from both groups.Results: The distribution of the grafts to the recipient coronary arteries regarding their size and quality was similar in both groups. The angiographic assessment at 18 months postoperatively showed 89% conventional versus 95% no-touch grafts were patent. Repeated angiography at 8.5 years showed a patency rate for the conventional group of 76% and 90% for the no- touch group ( P =.01). The multivariate analysis showed that the most important surgical factors for graft patency were the technique of harvesting ( odds ratio = 3.7, P =.007) for the no- touch versus the conventional technique and the vein quality before implantation ( odds ratio = 3.2, P =.007) for veins that were of good quality. By comparison the patency of the thoracic artery grafts was 90%.Conclusion: Harvesting the saphenous vein with surrounding tissue provides high short- and long-term patency rates comparable to the left internal thoracic artery.
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| 129. |
- Svedberg, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Performance-based Self-esteem in a Population-based Cohort of Swedish Twins
- 2014
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Ingår i: Self and Identity. - : Routledge. - 1529-8868 .- 1529-8876. ; 13:2, s. 243-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contingent self-esteem has regularly been associated with socialization experiences. In the present study, genetic and environmental influences on a contingent self-esteem construct were investigated among women and men in different age groups. The study sample consisted of 21,703 same and opposite sex Swedish twins, aged 20 to 46 years. Contingent self-esteem was measured on a scale for performance-based self-esteem. Sex and age-group effects were assessed using biometrical model fitting procedures. Individual differences in performance-based self-esteem were best explained by additive genetic and non-shared environmental factors for both female and male twins, with similar heritability estimates. No age-group effects were found. However, partially different genes seem to influence performance-based self-esteem among women and men.
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| 130. |
- Veress, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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Duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte-count revisited
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 39:2, s. 138-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenum was determined 30 years ago, the suggested normal upper limit being 40 lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells. Methods: Duodenal mucosa was analysed from 18 healthy individuals and 56 consecutive patients biopsied because of epigastralgia (17 cases), diarrhoea (10 cases), oesophagitis (10 cases), iron-deficiency (9 cases) and B12-deficiency (10 cases) showing normal histology, along with 10 cases of active coeliac disease. The biopsies were fixed in 4% formalin overnight and embedded in paraffin. Three micrometre thick sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and CD3. At least 300 epithelial cells were counted, the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes was given as the mean/100 epithelial cells. Extensive statistical analyses were performed. Results: In the healthy individuals the mean number (s) of intraepithelial lymphocytes/100 epithelial cells was 10.8 (2.6) and 13.2 (3.8) in H&E and CD3 stained sections, respectively. The upper limit of the confidence interval for CD3 staining was 29. There was no significant difference between normal individuals and the clinical groups, with the exception of coeliac disease. Conclusion: Two-step analysis of intraepithelial lymphocyte-determination is suggested: (a) semi-quantitative estimate on H&E-stained sections (normal ratio of 1:5 between lymphocytes and enterocytes, upper normal limit 20 lymphocytes) and (b) CD3-staining and counting if intraepithelial lymphocytosis is suspected. The upper normal range of intraepithelial lymphocytes is set at 25 CD3+ lymphocytes/100 epithelial cells. Values between 25 and 29 are regarded as 'borderline' and 30 or more represent pathologic intraepithelial lymphocytosis in the duodenum.
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