| 41. |
- Cho, Eunyoung, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol intake and colorectal cancer : a pooled analysis of 8 cohort studies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - : American College of Physicians. - 0003-4819 .- 1539-3704. ; 140:8, s. 603-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have generally reported positive associations between alcohol consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. However, findings related to specific alcoholic beverages or different anatomic sites in the large bowel have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of total alcohol intake and intake from specific beverages to the incidence of colorectal cancer and to evaluate whether other potential risk factors modify the association. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of primary data from 8 cohort studies in 5 countries. SETTING: North America and Europe. PARTICIPANTS: 489,979 women and men with no history of cancer other than nonmelanoma skin cancer at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Alcohol intake was assessed in each study at baseline by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: During a maximum of 6 to 16 years of follow-up across the studies, 4687 cases of colorectal cancer were documented. In categorical analyses, increased risk for colorectal cancer was limited to persons with an alcohol intake of 30 g/d or greater (approximately > or =2 drinks/d), a consumption level reported by 4% of women and 13% of men. Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled multivariate relative risks were 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99 to 1.36) for persons who consumed 30 to less than 45 g/d and 1.41 (CI, 1.16 to 1.72) for those who consumed 45 g/d or greater. No significant heterogeneity by study or sex was observed. The association was evident for cancer of the proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum. No clear difference in relative risks was found among specific alcoholic beverages. LIMITATIONS: The study included only one measure of alcohol consumption at baseline and could not investigate lifetime alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption at younger ages, or changes in alcohol consumption during follow-up. It also could not examine drinking patterns or duration of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: A single determination of alcohol intake correlated with a modest relative elevation in colorectal cancer rate, mainly at the highest levels of alcohol intake.
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| 42. |
- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Basic science of peripheral nerve repair: Wallerian degeneration/growth cone
- 2004
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Ingår i: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1048-6666. ; 14:2, s. 138-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trauma to a peripheral nerve trunk is a complex injury because it involves not only repair processes locally at the peripheral level, but it also engages repair and compensation mechanisms at central levels. The main actor is the fascinating and unique neuron with its supporting cells, which consist mainly of Schwann cells. In the neuron and in the Schwann cells, intracellular signaling mechanisms are initiated by the peripheral nerve injury and aim to turn the intracellular processes into a regenerative and proliferative state. The intracellular signaling mechanism is called signal transduction and works along the entire neuron, including the intracellular axonal transport system. A very delicate interaction occurs between the growth cones formed by the distal tip of the outgrowing axons and the environment into which the axons grow. A large number of changes occur in this environment due to the process of Wallerian degeneration caused by the injury. A thorough knowledge of the cellular and molecular repair mechanisms after peripheral nerve injury is the basis on which we can build new research with the aim to improve results after this devastating injury, because there are limitations in the pure surgical treatment of peripheral injury.
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| 43. |
- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Schwann cells, acutely dissociated from a predegenerated nerve trunk, can be applied into a matrix used to bridge nerve defects in rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplementum. - 0065-1419. ; 100, s. 57-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The gold standard to reconstruct a nerve defect is a conventional autologous nerve graft. There may be a lack of such grafts in severe nerve injuries. Alternatives to autologous nerve grafts are needed. METHODS: We have developed a technique where mainly Schwann cells are acutely dissociated from the ends of the severed nerve trunk after nerve injury. The technique does not require long-term cell culture procedures. The obtained cells, which can be dissociated within a few hours, are applied to a silicone tube or a tendon autograft used to bridge a nerve defect. FINDINGS: Dissociated cells from the ends of the severed nerve ends consist of more than 85% of Schwann cells. The remaining cells are ED1 stained macrophages. The cells survive transfer to a silicone tube or a tendon autograft which bridge the nerve defect. Axons do grow through such a graft filled with dissociated cells. CONCLUSION: Our novel model to obtain mainly Schwann cells by dissociation of the cells from the severed nerve ends after injury and add them to a matrix, thereby creating an artificial nerve graft, may be a new technique with potential clinical application in nerve reconstruction.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Ebbers, Tino, et al.
(författare)
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Myocordial segmentation of time-resolved 3D phase-contrast MRI
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast MRI can be used to study 3D cardiac blood flow patterns and myocardial motion. The image contrast between myocardium and blood in 3D MRl is often inadequate for clear orientation and border delineation, however. To improve the accuracy and ease of segmentation, we developed a method based on a particle trace technique for time-resolved 3D cardiac velocity vector fields. A particle trace trajectory that follows the blood flow and the myocardial motion is obtained by integration of the velocity field over time. The myocardium can be differentiated by using the magnitude image data in combination with the trajectory's velocities and the expected behavior of the myocardial particle traces, that is, that traces starting in the myocardium will return to their starting point at the end of a cardiac cycle. The myocardial probability obtained in this way can be used for visualization, which eliminates the need for acquiring additional two-dimensional images. It also serves as the basis for border delineation, allowing quantification of important clinical parameters such as ventricular volume and mass.
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| 46. |
- Ejhed, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Miljömålsuppföljning Ingen övergödning 1995 och 2005 : Slutrapport
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En uppföljning av två delmål för miljökvalitetsmålet Ingen övergödning mellan år 1995 och 2005 har genomförts av SMED på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket. Det gäller specifikt delmålen om tillförseln av kväve och fosfor till havet respektive till vatten. Underlag och indata till beräkningarna har tagits fram inom det parallella PLC5- projektet som genomförs för rapportering till HELCOM och från TRK-projektet (Brandt och Ejhed 2002). Metodik för beräkningarna har utvecklats mycket sedan TRK-projektet och beskrivs utförligt i rapporten. En av de största förändringarna i metodik har genomförts för fosfor belastningsberäkningar från jordbruksmark där nya mer fysikaliska modeller använts. Ytterligare en stor förändring har varit användning av Tekniskt Beräkningssystem Vatten (TBV) som ska medföra en mer kvalitetssäkrad hantering av beräkningarnaResultaten i denna rapport presenteras och bedöms med avseende på kvalitet och jämförs med transporterade mängder i flodmynningarna, TRK-resultat och resultat i HBV-NP.Resultaten visar att den antropogena belastningen av kväve minskat med cirka 25 % från år 1995 till år 2005 för de svenska vattenburna utsläppen till haven söder om Ålands hav. Delmålet för kväve anger en minskning med 30 % till år 2010.Resultaten visar vidare att den antropogena bruttobelastningen av fosfor minskat med cirka 14 % från år 1995 till år 2005 för de svenska vattenburna utsläppen till sjöar, vattendrag och kustvatten. Delmålet för fosfor anger en minskning med minst 20 procent till år 2010
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with poor responsiveness to thienopyridine treatment or with diabetes have lower levels of circulating active metabolite, but their platelets respond normally to active metabolite added ex vivo
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 52:24, s. 1968-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the prevalence and mechanism of poor responsiveness to clopidogrel and prasugrel in coronary artery disease patients with and without diabetes. BACKGROUND: Low platelet inhibition by clopidogrel is associated with ischemic clinical events. A higher 600-mg loading dose (LD) has been advocated to increase responsiveness to clopidogrel. METHODS: In this study, 110 aspirin-treated patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with clopidogrel 600 mg LD/75 mg maintenance dose (MD) for 28 days or prasugrel 60 mg LD/10 mg MD for 28 days. Pharmacodynamic (PD) response was evaluated by light transmission aggregometry and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. The PD poor responsiveness was defined with 4 definitions previously associated with worse clinical outcomes. Active metabolites (AM) of clopidogrel and prasugrel were measured. Clopidogrel AM was added ex vivo. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with poor responsiveness was greater in the clopidogrel group for all definitions at all time points from 1 h to 29 days. Poor responders had significantly lower plasma AM levels compared with responders. Patients with diabetes were over-represented in the poor-responder groups and had significantly lower levels of AM. Platelets of both poor responders and diabetic patients responded fully to AM added ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Prasugrel treatment results in significantly fewer PD poor responders compared with clopidogrel after a 600-mg clopidogrel LD and during MD. The mechanism of incomplete platelet inhibition in clopidogrel poor-responder groups and in diabetic patients is lower plasma levels of its AM and not differences in platelet P2Y(12) receptor function.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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