| 91. |
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| 92. |
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| 95. |
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| 96. |
- McLeod, Sam, et al.
(författare)
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Planning for the sustainability of freight and logistics: Strategic guiding principles for regional policy
- 2023
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH. - 1567-7133 .- 1567-7141. ; 23:3, s. 30-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Policy-makers face challenges managing the movement of goods while responding to increasingly urgent sustainability problems. Freight policy is fragmented over many regulatory fields, often with ambiguous or contested objectives. Empirical freight transport research can be difficult to translate directly into policy settings, and policy measures often have substantial unintended consequences, especially over long time periods. These foundational challenges can make effective policy implementation difficult. Through a review of the literature, and drawing on diverse applied research and practice experiences, we categorise intertemporal problems in designing regional freight policy, and identify principles for informing practical policy synthesis. These principles provide a framework for decision-makers who formulate policy, and for researchers who critically evaluate it. Adoption and refinement of these principles will improve the translation of research into policy through time, recognising the inherently complex and uncertain nature of planning for the movement of goods.
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| 97. |
- Mitra, Mainak, et al.
(författare)
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Nonheme Fe(IV) Oxo Complexes of Two New Pentadentate Ligands and Their Hydrogen-Atom and Oxygen-Atom Transfer Reactions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-510X .- 0020-1669. ; 54:15, s. 7152-7164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new pentadentate {N5} donor ligands based on the N4Py (N4Py = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine) framework have been synthesized, viz. [N-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)methyl-N-(bis-2-pyridyl methyl)amine] (L1) and [N-bis(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)methyl-N-(bis-2-pyridylmethyl)amine] (L2), where one or two pyridyl arms of N4Py have been replaced by corresponding (N-methyl)benzimidazolyl-containing arms. The complexes [FeII(CH3CN)(L)]2+ (L = L1 (1); L2 (2)) were synthesized, and reaction of these ferrous complexes with iodosylbenzene led to the formation of the ferryl complexes [FeIV(O)(L)]2+ (L = L1 (3); L2 (4)), which were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectrometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Complexes 3 and 4 are relatively stable with half-lives at room temperature of 40 h (L = L1) and 2.5 h (L = L2). The redox potentials of 1 and 2, as well as the visible spectra of 3 and 4, indicate that the ligand field weakens as ligand pyridyl substituents are progressively substituted by (N-methyl)benzimidazolyl moieties. The reactivities of 3 and 4 in hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) and oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) reactions show that both complexes exhibit enhanced reactivities when compared to the analogous N4Py complex ([FeIV(O)(N4Py)]2+), and that the normalized HAT rates increase by approximately 1 order of magnitude for each replacement of a pyridyl moiety; i.e., [FeIV(O)(L2)]2+ exhibits the highest rates. The second-order HAT rate constants can be directly related to the substrate C–H bond dissociation energies. Computational modeling of the HAT reactions indicates that the reaction proceeds via a high spin transition state.
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| 98. |
- Morganti, E., et al.
(författare)
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Technical and operational obstacles to the adoption of electric vans in France and the UK: An operator perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X. ; 63:April, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the mid-1990s European urban freight transport has undergone several major changes with direct impact on vehicle use patterns. These include (i) freight vehicle downsizing and (ii) the dieselisation of van fleets (formally referred to as light commercial vehicles or LCVs). More recently, a new possible trend has started to emerge, mainly related to alternative fuelled LCVs for reducing air pollution emissions in urban areas. Electric LCVs up to 3.5 tons are considered a suitable option for last mile operations, yet only a few last mile operators are replacing their diesel fleets with electric vans. In order to probe electric LCV acceptance in the freight transport sector, we conducted 15 experiment-oriented interviews with urban freight transport and service operators who tested and adopted electric vans, exploring technical and operational obstacles in daily operations in Paris and London. Additional interviews (8) have been conducted with policymakers, to update the initial survey. The results show that, in addition to range concerns issues, last mile operators’ perception and acceptance of electric vans are affected by other concerns, such as queue, payload and grid anxieties. A number of financial and non-financial incentives to foster the adoption of electric vans are identified and compared by considering the cities of Paris and London. The research also explored potential policy tools for mitigating the detected barriers.
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| 99. |
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| 100. |
- Quak, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Freight Partnerships to City Logistics Living Labs - Giving Meaning to the Elusive Concept of Living Labs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia 12 ( 2016 ) 461 – 473. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1465 .- 2352-1457.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper discusses the growing importance of urban freight research given the increasing urban population trends. The complexity of urban freight systems means that it is essential for the public and private sectors to work together - one way to achieve this has been through freight partnerships. A short review of freight partnerships highlights the way in which they have fostered mutual understanding among urban freight stakeholders. The literature on shared situational awareness (SSA) and joint knowledge production (JKP) has been adapted to position freight partnerships and to further develop and link these partnerships to the concept of a living laboratory concerned with urban freight transport. This novel application of the living lab concept is introduced. Next, the first phases of a city logistics living lab brought in practice in Rotterdam are shortly mentioned. The living lab concept fits the complexities of the urban freight system well and has been a cornerstone of a recently started major freight project in the EU (CITYLAB).
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