| 11. |
- Keogan, Katharine, et al.
(författare)
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Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 8:4, s. 313-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity(1), and is often sensitive to climatic conditions(2). Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey(3). This is of particular concern for higher-trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers(4). However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction(5). Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (-0.020 days yr(-1)) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (-0.272 days degrees C-1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources(2).
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| 12. |
- Theorell, Töres, et al.
(författare)
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Job Strain as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes : A Pooled Analysis of 124,808 Men and Women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 37:8, s. 2268-2275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE The status of psychosocial stress at work as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes is unclear because existing evidence is based on small studies and is subject to confounding by lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity. This collaborative study examined whether stress at work, defined as "job strain," is associated with incident type 2 diabetes independent of lifestyle factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We extracted individual-level data for 124,808 diabetes-free adults from 13 European cohort studies participating in the IPD-Work Consortium. We measured job strain with baseline questionnaires. Incident type 2 diabetes at follow-up was ascertained using national health registers, clinical screening, and self-reports. We analyzed data for each study using Cox regression and pooled the study-specific estimates in fixed-effect meta-analyses. RESULTS There were 3,703 cases of incident diabetes during a mean follow-up of 10.3 years. After adjustment for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES), the hazard ratio (HR) for job strain compared with no job strain was 1.15 (95% CI 1.06-1.25) with no difference between men and women (1.19 [1.06-1.34] and 1.13 [1.00-1.28], respectively). In stratified analyses, job strain was associated with an increased risk of diabetes among those with healthy and unhealthy lifestyle habits. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, SES, and lifestyle habits, the HR was 1.11 (1.00-1.23). CONCLUSIONS Findings from a large pan-European dataset suggest that job strain is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in men and women independent of lifestyle factors.
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| 13. |
- Tobin, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Nondestructive Assay Data Integration with the SKB-50 Assemblies - FY16 Update
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A project to research the application of non-destructive assay (NDA) techniques for spent fuel assemblies is underway at the Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (for which the Swedish acronym is Clab) in Oskarshamn, Sweden. The research goals of this project contain both safeguards and non-safeguards interests. These nondestructive assay (NDA) technologies are designed to strengthen the technical toolkit of safeguard inspectors and others to determine the following technical goals more accurately; Verify initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of facility declaration for spent fuel assemblies; Detect replaced or missing pins from a given spent fuel assembly to confirm its integrity; and Estimate plutonium mass and related plutonium and uranium fissile mass parameters in spent fuel assemblies. Estimate heat content, and measure reactivity (multiplication).
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Tobin, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Research into Measured and Simulated Nondestructive Assay Data to Address the Spent Fuel Assay Needs of Nuclear Repositories
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Next Generation Safeguards Initiative Spent Fuel (NGSI-SF) Project started in 2009 with the intent to integrate nondestructive assay (NDA) signals in order to improve safeguards verification capabilities. This paper researches the integration of the following: (1) spectral-resolved passivegamma [ 154Eu and 137Cs], (2) total neutron and (3) Passive Neutron Albedo Reactivity (PNAR) in the context of encapsulation/repository facilities. For the first two NDA techniques listed, measured and simulated results are available, while for PNAR only simulated results are currently available.The measured results are from the Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (Clab) in Sweden where 50 spent fuel assemblies were measured in 2014 and 2015. The PNAR instrument is one of four non-traditional, spent fuel NDA techniques to be deployed at Clab in 2016 and 2017. The inclusion of these non-traditional instruments, capable of estimating properties such as within-assembly neutron multiplication, makes this research unique and offers promising improvements to the current safeguards toolkit. Goals of the NGSI-SF Project include: (1) verifying the initial enrichment, burnup,and cooling time of the facility declaration; (2) detecting diversion or replacement of pins, (3) estimating the plutonium mass. Additional project goals that are concurrent with SKB’s interests are (4) estimating the decay heat, and (5) determining the multiplication/reactivity of spent fuel assemblies. In this paper, data mining techniques are applied to integrate both simulated and measured passive gamma and total neutron signals with the simulated PNAR signals to estimate various quantities for safeguards and non-safeguards purposes.
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