| 61. |
- Caceres, L., et al.
(författare)
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Spherical proton-neutron structure of isomeric states in Cd-128
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 79:1, s. 011301-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gamma-ray decay of isomeric states in the even-even nucleus Cd-128 has been observed. The nucleus of interest was produced both by the fragmentation of Xe-136 and the fission of U-238 primary beams. The level scheme was unambiguously constructed based on.. coincidence relations in conjunction with detailed lifetime analysis employed for the first time on this nucleus. Large-scale shell-model calculations, without consideration of excitations across the N = 82 shell closure, were performed and provide a consistent description of the experimental level scheme. The structure of the isomeric states and their decays exhibit coexistence of proton, neutron, and strongly mixed configurations due to p. interaction in overlapping orbitals for both proton and neutron holes.
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| 62. |
- Caceres, Rodrigo, et al.
(författare)
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Forces drive basement membrane invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 115:45, s. 11537-11542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During invasion, cells breach basement membrane (BM) barriers with actin-rich protrusions. It remains unclear, however, whether actin polymerization applies pushing forces to help break through BM, or whether actin filaments play a passive role as scaffolding for targeting invasive machinery. Here, using the developmental event of anchor cell (AC) invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans, we observe that the AC deforms the BM and underlying tissue just before invasion, exerting forces in the tens of nanonewtons range. Deformation is driven by actin polymerization nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex and its activators, whereas formins and cross-inkers are dispensable. Delays in invasion upon actin regulator loss are not caused by defects in AC polarity, trafficking, or secretion, as appropriate markers are correctly localized in the AC even when actin is reduced and invasion is disrupted. Overall force production emerges from this study as one of the main tools that invading cells use to promote BM disruption in C. elegans.
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Charman, Tony, et al.
(författare)
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The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) : clinical characterisation.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Autism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2040-2392. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) is to date the largest multi-centre, multi-disciplinary observational study on biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current paper describes the clinical characteristics of the LEAP cohort and examines age, sex and IQ differences in ASD core symptoms and common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. A companion paper describes the overall design and experimental protocol and outlines the strategy to identify stratification biomarkers.METHODS: From six research centres in four European countries, we recruited 437 children and adults with ASD and 300 controls between the ages of 6 and 30 years with IQs varying between 50 and 148. We conducted in-depth clinical characterisation including a wide range of observational, interview and questionnaire measures of the ASD phenotype, as well as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms.RESULTS: The cohort showed heterogeneity in ASD symptom presentation, with only minimal to moderate site differences on core clinical and cognitive measures. On both parent-report interview and questionnaire measures, ASD symptom severity was lower in adults compared to children and adolescents. The precise pattern of differences varied across measures, but there was some evidence of both lower social symptoms and lower repetitive behaviour severity in adults. Males had higher ASD symptom scores than females on clinician-rated and parent interview diagnostic measures but not on parent-reported dimensional measures of ASD symptoms. In contrast, self-reported ASD symptom severity was higher in adults compared to adolescents, and in adult females compared to males. Higher scores on ASD symptom measures were moderately associated with lower IQ. Both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms were lower in adults than in children and adolescents, and males with ASD had higher levels of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD symptoms than females.CONCLUSIONS: The established phenotypic heterogeneity in ASD is well captured in the LEAP cohort. Variation both in core ASD symptom severity and in commonly co-occurring psychiatric symptoms were systematically associated with sex, age and IQ. The pattern of ASD symptom differences with age and sex also varied by whether these were clinician ratings or parent- or self-reported which has important implications for establishing stratification biomarkers and for their potential use as outcome measures in clinical trials.
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| 65. |
- David-Bercholz, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Conserved YKL-40 changes in mice and humans after postoperative delirium.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, & immunity - health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-3546. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delirium is a common postoperative neurologic complication among older adults. Despite its prevalence (14%-50%) and likely association with inflammation, the exact mechanisms that underpin postoperative delirium are unclear. This project aimed to characterize systemic and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory changes following surgery in mice and humans. Matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the "Investigating Neuroinflammation Underlying Postoperative Brain Connectivity Changes, Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, Delirium in Older Adults" (INTUIT; NCT03273335) study were compared to murine endpoints. Delirium-like behavior was evaluated in aged mice using the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Test (5-CSRTT). Using a well established orthopedic surgical model in the FosTRAP reporter mouse we detected neuronal changes in the prefrontal cortex, an area implicated in attention, but notably not in the hippocampus. In aged mice, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels increased after orthopedic surgery, but hippocampal YKL-40 expression was decreased. Given the growing evidence for a YKL-40 role in delirium and other neurodegenerative conditions, we assayed human plasma and CSF samples. Plasma YKL-40 levels were similarly increased after surgery, with a trend toward a greater postoperative plasma YKL-40 increase in patients with delirium. However, YKL-40 levels in CSF decreased following surgery, which paralleled the findings in the mouse brain. Finally, we confirmed changes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as early as 9 h after surgery in mice, which warrants more detailed and acute evaluations of BBB integrity following surgery in humans. Together, these results provide a nuanced understanding of neuroimmune interactions underlying postoperative delirium in mice and humans, and highlight translational biomarkers to test potential cellular targets and mechanisms.
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Farrelly, G. F., et al.
(författare)
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Revision of the K-Isomer in 190W
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 40:3, s. 885-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gamma rays from the decay of an isomer in W-190(116) have been observed following projectile fragmentation of a 1 GeV per nucleon Pb-208 beam. An earlier experiment indicated decay from a (10(-)) isomer to the ground state rotational band. Improved statistics have enabled gamma coincidence and time-difference measurements to be made which alter the previous interpretation. Blocked BCS calculations have also been used together with reduced hindrance factors to indicate possible values of spin-parity for the isomer.
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| 68. |
- Fuente-Martin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Ghrelin Regulates Glucose and Glutamate Transporters in Hypothalamic Astrocytes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothalamic astrocytes can respond to metabolic signals, such as leptin and insulin, to modulate adjacent neuronal circuits and systemic metabolism. Ghrelin regulates appetite, adiposity and glucose metabolism, but little is known regarding the response of astrocytes to this orexigenic hormone. We have used both in vivo and in vitro approaches to demonstrate that acylated ghrelin (acyl-ghrelin) rapidly stimulates glutamate transporter expression and glutamate uptake by astrocytes. Moreover, acyl-ghrelin rapidly reduces glucose transporter (GLUT) 2 levels and glucose uptake by these glial cells. Glutamine synthetase and lactate dehydrogenase decrease, while glycogen phosphorylase and lactate transporters increase in response to acyl-ghrelin, suggesting a change in glutamate and glucose metabolism, as well as glycogen storage by astrocytes. These effects are partially mediated through ghrelin receptor 1A (GHSR-1A) as astrocytes do not respond equally to desacyl-ghrelin, an isoform that does not activate GHSR-1A. Moreover, primary astrocyte cultures from GHSR-1A knock-out mice do not change glutamate transporter or GLUT2 levels in response to acyl-ghrelin. Our results indicate that acyl-ghrelin may mediate part of its metabolic actions through modulation of hypothalamic astrocytes and that this effect could involve astrocyte mediated changes in local glucose and glutamate metabolism that alter the signals/nutrients reaching neighboring neurons.
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| 69. |
- Garnsworthy, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Isomeric States in Neutron-deficient A~80-90 Nuclei Populated in the Fragmentation of 107Ag
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relativistic projectile fragmentation of a 750 MeV per nucleon beam of Ag-107 was used to populate isomeric states in neutron-deficient nuclei around A=80-90. Reaction products were separated and unambiguously identified using the GSI FRagment Separator (FRS) and its ancillary detectors. At the final focal plane, the fragments were slowed from relativistic energies by means of an aluminium degrader and implanted in a passive stopper in the center of the high-efficiency, high-granularity Stopped Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSI (RISING) germanium array. This allowed the identification of excited states in the N=Z nuclei Tc-86(43) and, for the first time, Nb-82(41). Isomeric states have also been identified for the first time in Tc-87,Tc-88, and a previously unreported isomer was observed in Nb-84. Experimental results are presented along with a discussion on the structure of these nuclei based on interpretations provided by several theoretical models.
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| 70. |
- Garnsworthy, A. B., et al.
(författare)
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Isomeric States in the Light Tc Isotopes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. Series B: Elementary Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Statistical Physics, Theory of Relativity, Field Theory. - 0587-4254. ; 38:4, s. 1265-1269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preliminary results from the first experiment of the Stopped Beam RISING campaign are presented. The relativistic projectile fragmentation of a 750 MeV/u beam of Ag-107 populated isomeric states in very neutron deficient nuclei at the proton dripline around mass 80-90. Nuclei were unambiguously identified using the FRagment Separator (FRS) and its ancillary detectors located at GSI. The ions produced were slowed down from relativistic energies by means of an Al degrader and implanted in the centre of the high-efficiency Stopped RISING array. This allowed the identification of new excited states in the N = Z = 43 nucleus, Tc-86, populated following the de-excitation of a microsecond isomer. Preliminary results of this analysis, as well as previously unobserved isomeric states in Tc-87,Tc-88. are reported.
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