| 31. |
- Nilsson, Annika E., et al.
(författare)
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Towards extended shared socioeconomic pathways : A combined participatory bottom-up and top-down methodology with results from the Barents region
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 45, s. 124-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge in planning for adaptation to climate change is to assess future development not only in relation to climate but also in relation to social, economic and political changes that affect the capacity for adaptation or otherwise play a role in decision making. One approach is to use scenario methods. This article presents a methodology that combines top-down scenarios and bottom-up approaches to scenario building, with the aim of articulating local so-called extended socio-economic pathways. Specifically, we used the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) of the global scenario framework as developed by the climate research community to present boundary conditions about potential global change in workshop discussion with local and regional actors in the Barents region. We relate the results from these workshops to the different elements of the global SSPs and discuss potential and limitations of the method in relation to use in decision making processes.
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| 32. |
- Nilsson, Annika E., et al.
(författare)
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Uncertain futures : the changing global context of the European Arctic. Report from a scenario workshop in Pajala, Sweden
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What does the future look like from the perspective of a small municipality in northern Sweden? What social and environmental challenges might there be and how might local people respond? This report presents findings from a workshop in which actors from Pajala municipality and the surrounding region in northern Sweden discussed, together with researchers, challenges for long-term planning posed by a rapidly changing and uncertain global context. The workshop piloted a new approach combining bottom-up participation with scenario work generated within the international climate change research community, in order to construct locally and regionally relevant narratives of possible futures. The resulting narratives feature some issues that do not figure prominently in the assessment of global futures, but also show that local development is perceived as closely linked to global processes, such as changes related to climate and demography. The report’s purpose is to document the workshop results and offer a description of and reflection on the methods employed as a basis for further development of the approach.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Olstrup, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Long-Term Mortality Effects Associated with Exposure to Particles and NOx in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort
- 2023
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Ingår i: Toxics. - : MDPI. - 2305-6304. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the long-term mortality effects associated with exposure to PM10 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 10 µm), PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm), BC (black carbon), and NOx (nitrogen oxides) were analyzed in a cohort in southern Sweden during the period from 1991 to 2016. Participants (those residing in Malmö, Sweden, born between 1923 and 1950) were randomly recruited from 1991 to 1996. At enrollment, 30,438 participants underwent a health screening, which consisted of questionnaires about lifestyle and diet, a clinical examination, and blood sampling. Mortality data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cause of Death Register. The modeled concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx at the cohort participants’ home addresses were used to assess air pollution exposure. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the associations between long-term exposure to PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx and the time until death among the participants during the period from 1991 to 2016. The hazard ratios (HRs) associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each air pollutant were calculated based on the exposure lag windows of the same year (lag0), 1–5 years (lag1–5), and 6–10 years (lag6–10). Three models were used with varying adjustments for possible confounders including both single-pollutant estimates and two-pollutant estimates. With adjustments for all covariates, the HRs for PM10, PM2.5, BC, and NOx in the single-pollutant models at lag1–5 were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02–1.11), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95–1.08), 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.11), and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07–1.16) per IQR increase, respectively. The HRs, in most cases, decreased with the inclusion of a larger number of covariates in the models. The most robust associations were shown for NOx, with statistically significant positive HRs in all the models. An overall conclusion is that road traffic-related pollutants had a significant association with mortality in the cohort.
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| 35. |
- Polymeri, Erini, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence-based measurements of PET/CT imaging biomarkers are associated with disease-specific survival of high-risk prostate cancer patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 55:6, s. 427-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities for objective quantitative measurements of imaging biomarkers from positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Clinical image reporting relies predominantly on observer-dependent visual assessment and easily accessible measures like SUVmax, representing lesion uptake in a relatively small amount of tissue. Our hypothesis is that measurements of total volume and lesion uptake of the entire tumour would better reflect the disease`s activity with prognostic significance, compared with conventional measurements. Methods An AI-based algorithm was trained to automatically measure the prostate and its tumour content in PET/CT of 145 patients. The algorithm was then tested retrospectively on 285 high-risk patients, who were examined using F-18-choline PET/CT for primary staging between April 2008 and July 2015. Prostate tumour volume, tumour fraction of the prostate gland, lesion uptake of the entire tumour, and SUVmax were obtained automatically. Associations between these measurements, age, PSA, Gleason score and prostate cancer-specific survival were studied, using a Cox proportional-hazards regression model. Results Twenty-three patients died of prostate cancer during follow-up (median survival 3.8 years). Total tumour volume of the prostate (p = 0.008), tumour fraction of the gland (p = 0.005), total lesion uptake of the prostate (p = 0.02), and age (p = 0.01) were significantly associated with disease-specific survival, whereas SUVmax (p = 0.2), PSA (p = 0.2), and Gleason score (p = 0.8) were not. Conclusion AI-based assessments of total tumour volume and lesion uptake were significantly associated with disease-specific survival in this patient cohort, whereas SUVmax and Gleason scores were not. The AI-based approach appears well-suited for clinically relevant patient stratification and monitoring of individual therapy.
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| 36. |
- Pålsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Wood Powder Fuelled 35 kW Stirling CHP Unit
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th ISEC (International Stirling Engine Conference). ; , s. 221-230
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For biomass fuelled CHP in sizes below 100 kW, Stirling engines are the only feasible alternative today. Using wood powder as fuel, the Stirling engine can be heated directly by the flame like when using a gaseous or liquid fuel burner. However, the combustion chamber will have to be much larger due to the slow burning of the fuel. To avoid sintering of ash the flame temperature in a biomass burner has to be quite low. The flame temperature can be lowered by using a high excess air rate; however this will lower system efficiency and needs a large air preheater. By using combustion gas recirculation (CGR) a smaller air preheater can be used, while system efficiency will increase compared with using excess air for flame cooling. In a three-year project, a wood powder fuelled Stirling engine CHP unit will be developed and run in field test. The project will use the double-acting four-cylinder Stirling engine SM3D with an electric output of 35 kW. This engine is a further development of the engine SM3B that has been developed at the Technical University of Denmark. The engine heater is being adapted for use with wood powder as fuel. During a two-year period a combustion system for this engine, using wood powder as fuel will be developed at Lund University, Sweden, in cooperation with the Technical University of Denmark and with the wood powder boiler manufacturer VTS AB. The unit is to be run in CHP operation by Vattenfall - the largest electric power company in Sweden - in a one-year field test in Älvkarleby, Sweden, and the operation of the unit will be evaluated at the end of the field test period. The unit is intended for blocks of flats, schools, local heat production plants and the wood industry.
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| 37. |
- Russnes, Kjell M., et al.
(författare)
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Total antioxidant intake and prostate cancer in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study. A case control study
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1471-2407. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The total intake of dietary antioxidants may reduce prostate cancer risk but available data are sparse and the possible role of supplements unclear. We investigated the potential association between total and dietary antioxidant intake and prostate cancer in a Swedish population. Methods: We used FFQ data from 1499 cases and 1112 controls in the population based case-control study Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS). The ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay was used to assess the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of diet and supplements. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of prostate cancer across quintiles of antioxidant intake from all foods, from fruit and vegetables only, and from dietary supplements using unconditional logistic regression. Results: Coffee comprised 62 % of the dietary antioxidant intake, tea 4 %, berries 4 %, chocolate 2 %, and boiled potatoes 2 %. In total 19 % and 13 % of the population took multivitamins and supplemental Vitamin C respectively, on a regular basis. Antioxidant intake from all foods and from fruits and vegetables separately measured by the FRAP assay was not associated with prostate cancer risk. For antioxidant intake from supplements we found a positive association with total, advanced, localized, high grade and low grade prostate cancer in those above median supplemental TAC intake of users compared to non-users (Adjusted ORs for total prostate cancer: 1. 37, 95 % CI 1.08-1.73, advanced: 1.51, 95 % CI 1.11-2.06, localized: 1.36. 95 % CI 1.06-1.76, high grade 1.60, 95 % CI 1.06-2.40, low grade 1.36, 95 % CI 1.03-1.81). A high intake of coffee (>= 6 cups/day) was associated with a possible risk reduction of fatal and significantly with reduced risk for high grade prostate cancer, adjusted OR: 0.45 (95 % CI: 0.22-0.90), whereas a high intake of chocolate was positively associated with risk of total, advanced, localized and low grade disease (adjusted OR for total: 1.43, 95 % CI 1.12-1.82, advanced: 1.40, 95 % CI 1.01-1.96, localized: 1.43, 95 % CI 1.08-1.88, low-grade: 1.41, 95 % CI 1.03-1.93). Conclusions: Total antioxidant intake from diet was not associated with prostate cancer risk. Supplement use may be associated with greater risk of disease.
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| 38. |
- Sjöqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Berry's phase in pilot-wave theory
- 1998
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Ingår i: Foundations of physics letters. - 0894-9875 .- 1572-9524. ; 11:2, s. 179-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The projective-geometric derivation of Berry's adiabatic geometric phase for a single trajectory in the de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory is given. The relation between this phase and the first order nature of pilot-wave theory is discussed. It is shown, in the case where the electromagnetic vector potential is a gradient, that the phase can be given in a locally phase invariant form. The appearance of the Berry connection is justified and its physical significance in pilot-wave theory is discussed.
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| 39. |
- Sjöqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Fractional statistics in Bohm's theory
- 1995
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Ingår i: Physics Letters A. - 0375-9601 .- 1873-2429. ; 202:2-3, s. 160-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce fractional statistics in Bohm's formulation of quantum mechanics.
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| 40. |
- Sjöqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Galilean noninvariance of geometric phase
- 1997
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Ingår i: Physics Letters A. - 0375-9601 .- 1873-2429. ; 229:5, s. 273-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is shown that generally geometric phase in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is not Galilean invariant. It appears, however, that in none of the actual experiments performed to date on geometric phase is the measured phase frame dependent.
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