| 51. |
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| 52. |
- Lundberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Nicotine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
- 2004
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Ingår i: PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-5846. ; 28:7, s. 1195-1199
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 53. |
- Löfvenborg, Josefin E., et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between gad65 antibodies and dietary fish intake or plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on incident adult-onset diabetes : The epic-interact study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 44:2, s. 416-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Islet autoimmunity is associated with diabetes incidence. We investigated whether there was an interaction between dietary fish intake or plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration with the 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) antibody positivity on the risk of developing adult-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used prospective data on 11,247 incident cases of adult-onset diabetes and 14,288 noncases from the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study conducted in eight European countries. Baseline plasma samples were analyzed for GAD65 antibodies and phospholipid n-3 PUFAs. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes in relation to GAD65 antibody status and tertiles of plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA or fish intake were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Additive (proportion attributable to interaction [AP]) and multiplicative interactions between GAD65 antibody positivity (≥65 units/mL) and low fish/n-3 PUFA were assessed. RESULTS: The hazard of diabetes in antibody-positive individuals with low intake of total and fatty fish, respectively, was significantly elevated (HR 2.52 [95% CI 1.76-3.63] and 2.48 [1.79-3.45]) compared with people who were GAD65 antibody negative and had high fish intake, with evidence of additive (AP 0.44 [95% CI 0.16-0.72] and 0.48 [0.24-0.72]) and multiplicative (P 5 0.0465 and 0.0103) interactions. Individuals with high GAD65 antibody levels (≥167.5 units/mL) and low total plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFAs had a more than fourfold higher hazard of diabetes (HR 4.26 [2.70-6.72]) and an AP of 0.46 (0.12-0.80) compared with antibody-negative individuals with high n-3 PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS: High fish intake or relative plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA concentrations may partially counteract the increased diabetes risk conferred by GAD65 antibody positivity.
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| 54. |
- Lönnberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid detection of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in urine and serum
- 2012
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 420:2, s. 101-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rapid and easy-to-use test kit, EPO WGA MAIIA, which can be used for distinguishing various endogenous human erythropoietins (hEPO) and several recombinant hEPOs and EPO analogues, has been evaluated. The test is based on chromatographic separation of the glycosylated isoforms of EPO using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and a sensitive immunoassay utilizing anti-EPO carbon black nanostrings and image scanning for quantification. All the reactions take place along the porous layer of a lateral flow micro-column containing WGA and anti-EPO zones. The presence of molecules resembling hEPO, like Mircera, was detected by the aberrant affinity interaction with the antibody zone on the strip. It was possible to distinguish nine recombinant hEPO expressed in hamster and human cell-lines, and also Aranesp and Mircera, from endogenous urine hEPO. The required amount of EPO in the samples, a few pg, is very low compared to other methods for EPO isoform identification. This EPO isoform determination method opens the possibility to monitor recombinant EPO therapy for clinical research and seems to be a valuable candidate to the arsenal of EPO doping control tests.
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| 55. |
- Magnusson, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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ACCURACY OF CT NUMBERS OBTAINED BY DIRA AND MONOENERGETIC PLUS ALGORITHMS IN DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press. - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 195:3-4, s. 212-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) can be used in radiotherapy treatment planning for the calculation of absorbed dose distributions. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether there is room for improvement in the accuracy of the Monoenergetic Plus algorithm by Siemens Healthineers. A Siemens SOMATOM Force scanner was used to scan a cylindrical polymethyl methacrylate phantom with four rod-inserts made of different materials. Images were reconstructed using ADMIRE and processed with Monoenergetic Plus. The resulting CT numbers were compared with tabulated values and values simulated by the proof-of-a-concept algorithm DIRA developed by the authors. Both the Monoenergetic Plus and DIRA algorithms performed well; the accuracy of attenuation coefficients was better than about ±1% at the energy of 70 keV. Compared with DIRA, the worse performance of Monoenergetic Plus was caused by its (i) two-material decomposition to iodine and water and (ii) imperfect suppression of the beam hardening artifact in ADMIRE.
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| 56. |
- Magnusson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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DIRA-3D-a model-based iterative algorithm for accurate dual-energy dual-source 3D helical CT
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biomedical Engineering & Physics Express. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 2057-1976. ; 5:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative dual-energy computed tomography may improve the accuracy of treatment planning in radiation therapy. Of special interest are algorithms that can estimate material composition of the imaged object. One example of such an algorithm is the 2D model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm DIRA. The aim of this work is to extend this algorithm to 3D so that it can be used with cone-beams and helical scanning. In the new algorithm, the parallel FBP method was replaced with the approximate 3D FBP-based PI-method. Its performance was tested using a mathematical phantom consisting of six ellipsoids. The algorithm substantially reduced the beam-hardening artefact and the artefacts caused by approximate reconstruction after six iterations. Compared to Alvarez-Macovskis base material decomposition, DIRA-3D does not require geometrically consistent projections and hence can be used in dual-source CT scanners. Also, it can use several tissue-specific material bases at the same time to represent the imaged object.
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| 57. |
- Magnusson, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Choice of Base Materials for Alvarez–Macovski and DIRA Dual-energy Reconstruction Algorithms in CT
- 2023
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Ingår i: Photon Counting Computed Tomography. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031260629 - 9783031260612 ; , s. 153-175
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of the material base to which the material decomposition is performed in dual-energy computed tomography may affect the quality of reconstructed images. Resulting inaccuracies may lower their diagnostic value, or if the data are used for radiation treatment planning, the accuracy of such plans. The aim of this work is to investigate how the commonly used (water, bone) (WB), (water, iodine) (WI), and (approximate photoelectric effect, Compton scattering) (PC) doublets affect the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient in the case of the Alvarez–Macovski (AM) method. The performance of this method is also compared to the performance of the dual-energy iterative reconstruction algorithm DIRA. In both cases, the study is performed using simulations.The results show that the PC and WB doublets accurately predicted the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values for human tissues and elements with Z = 1, …, 20, in the 20–150 keV range, though there was a small (<5% discrepancy in the 20–35 keV range. The WI doublet did not represent the tissues as well as PC and WB; the largest discrepancies (>50% in some cases) were in the 20–40 keV range.LACs reconstructed with the AM and DIRA followed this trend. AM produced artifacts when iodine was present in the phantom together with human tissues since AM can only work with one doublet at a time. It was shown that these artifacts could be avoided with DIRA using different doublets at different spatial positions, i.e., WB for soft and bone tissue and WI for the iodine solution.
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| 58. |
- Magnusson, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Selection of Base Materials for Accurate Dual-Energy Computed Tomography : Comparison Between the Alvarez–Macovski Method and DIRA
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press. - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 195:3-4, s. 218-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of the material base to which the material decomposition is performed in dual-energy computed tomography may affect the quality of reconstructed images. The aim of this work is to investigate how the commonly used bases (water, bone), (water, iodine) and (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering) affect the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient in the case of the Alvarez–Macovski method. The performance of this method is also compared with the performance of the Dual-energy Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm (DIRA). In both cases, the study is performed using simulations. The results show that the Alvarez–Macovski method produced artefacts when iodine was present in the phantom together with human tissues since this method can only work with one doublet. It was shown that these artefacts could be avoided with DIRA using the (water, bone) doublet for tissues and the (water, iodine) doublet for the iodine solution.
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| 59. |
- Mårtensson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Do nurses and cancer patients agree on cancer patients' coping resources, emotional distress and quality of life?
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 17:4, s. 350-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examines differences, associations and agreement in cancer patients' and their nurses' ratings of cancer patients' coping resources, emotional distress and quality of life. The study sample includes 90 individual patient-nurse pairs. The patient and nurse in each pair independently completed the Cancer Behaviour Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being. The results indicate a distinct pattern in which nurses overestimate patients' emotional distress and underestimate patients' coping resources and quality of life. A nurse who overestimated a patient's emotional distress and underestimated his/her resources for handling the situation was also likely to underestimate the patient's quality of life. Patient-nurse pairs who demonstrated consistent agreement differed from remaining pairs in that they had a larger percentage of nurses with advanced education and previous responsibility for their patients' care and in that they had higher frequencies of patients who had previously received care at the ward > , 5 days. Nurses caring for patients with cancer should be aware of the risk of making systematic misjudgements of patients' status. Increased attention to patients' internal resources may improve nurses' ability to make correct assessments and plan for individualized care.
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| 60. |
- Nilsson, Marie, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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A behavioural pattern analysis of hypoglutamatergic mice-effects of four different antipsychotic agents
- 2001
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Ingår i: J Neural Transm. - 0300-9564. ; 108:10, s. 1181-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a hypoglutamatergic rodent model, we have observed certain behaviours that might have relevance for the cognitive impairments seen in autism and schizophrenia. Thus, hypoglutamatergic mice show defective habituation, impaired attention, a meagre behavioural repertoire and a general behavioural primitivization. The aim of the present study was to characterise and quantify changes in movement pattern in mice rendered hypoglutamatergic by means of MK-801 treatment, using an automated video tracking system. Further, the effects of four different antipsychotic drugs, the classical neuroleptic haloperidol, the atypical antipsychotic clozapine, the DA D2/5-HT2A antagonist risperidone and the selective 5-HT2A-receptor antagonist M100907, were compared with respect to effects on NMDA antagonist-induced movement pattern alterations. We found that each receptor antagonist had a unique effect on the MK-801-induced behavioural primitivization. Haloperidol was unable to affect the monotonous behaviour induced by MK-801, while risperidone, clozapine and M100907 produced movement patterns of high intricacy.
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