| 31. |
- Di Saverio, Salomone, et al.
(författare)
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WSES Jerusalem guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis
- 2016
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Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1749-7922. ; 11:34
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common cause of acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis of AA is challenging; a variable combination of clinical signs and symptoms has been used together with laboratory findings in several scoring systems proposed for suggesting the probability of AA and the possible subsequent management pathway. The role of imaging in the diagnosis of AA is still debated, with variable use of US, CT and MRI in different settings worldwide. Up to date, comprehensive clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management of AA have never been issued. In July 2015, during the 3rd World Congress of the WSES, held in Jerusalem (Israel), a panel of experts including an Organizational Committee and Scientific Committee and Scientific Secretariat, participated to a Consensus Conference where eight panelists presented a number of statements developed for each of the eight main questions about diagnosis and management of AA. The statements were then voted, eventually modified and finally approved by the participants to The Consensus Conference and lately by the board of co-authors. The current paper is reporting the definitive Guidelines Statements on each of the following topics: 1) Diagnostic efficiency of clinical scoring systems, 2) Role of Imaging, 3) Non-operative treatment for uncomplicated appendicitis, 4) Timing of appendectomy and in-hospital delay, 5) Surgical treatment 6) Scoring systems for intra-operative grading of appendicitis and their clinical usefulness 7) Non-surgical treatment for complicated appendicitis: abscess or phlegmon 8) Pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics.
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| 32. |
- Donis, Daphne, et al.
(författare)
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Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 66:12, s. 4314-4333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L-1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4 degrees C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Hampus, 1979-
(författare)
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Managing sea cucumber fisheries and aquaculture : Studies of social-ecological systems in the Western Indian Ocean
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Collecting sea cucumbers to supply the high value Chinese dried seafood market is a livelihood activity available to many people in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), making it an important part of local economies. These fisheries are generally not successfully managed and tropical sea cucumber fisheries show continuing signs of decline. This thesis takes a social-ecological systems approach to guide better management of sea cucumber fisheries and aquaculture in the WIO. Papers 1 and 2 analyse the fishery situation in Zanzibar and find that in the absence of effective management institutions and income alternatives among fishers, leading to dependence, there are unsustainable expanding processes. Paper 3 compares the unmanaged fishery in Zanzibar to the highly controlled situation in Mayotte. In Mayotte, a protection effect is evident and the commercial value of stocks is significantly higher than in Zanzibar. The analysis of the situation in Mayotte demonstrates the importance of matching the fishery – management temporal scales through prepared and adaptive management to avoid processes that reinforce unsustainable expansion. Paper 4 analyses sea cucumber community spatial distribution patterns at a coastal seascape-scale in Mayotte establishing baseline patterns of habitat utilization and abundance, which can be used as reference in management. Paper 5 reviews the potential for sea cucumber aquaculture in the WIO. The review illustrates that this activity, which is currently gaining momentum, does so based on inflated promises and with significant social-ecological risks. Emphasis for improvements is, in this thesis, placed on the importance of prepared and adaptive institutions to govern and control expanding processes of the fishery. These institutional features may be achieved by increasing the level of knowledge and participation in governance and by integration of sea cucumber resources management into higher-level policy initiatives.
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| 34. |
- Figueredo, Aurelio-Jose, et al.
(författare)
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The cascade of chaos : From early adversity to interpersonal aggression
- 2021
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2330-2925 .- 2330-2933. ; 15:3, s. 231-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We developed a cascade model to reconstruct the hypothesized developmental progression from (1) increased resource instability during childhood to (2) decreased maternal sensitivity during childhood to (3) social vulnerability cognitive schemata to (4) faster life history strategies to (5) decreased behavioral regulation to (6) more pronounced “Dark Triad” personalities to (7) higher levels of interpersonal aggression in adulthood. The hypothesized cascade model also evaluated the cross-cultural generality of this theoretically-specified developmental progression across a sampling of different societies: (1) the United States ofAmerica (N=144); (2) Mexico (N=118); (3) Brazil (N=1091, distributed across 3 datacollection sites); (4) Sweden (N=144); and (5) the United Kingdom (N=260). Out of 21 interactive tests of the cross-cultural robustness of the main model parameters, only five reached statistical significance, and were relatively small in magnitude compared to their main effects. In no case did the magnitude and direction of the interaction completely reverse that of the corresponding main effect of the predictor, but merely either augmented or attenuated it somewhat across the affected study sites. We conclude that the results generally supported both the configural and metric invariance of the cascade model to a relatively high, albeit imperfect, degree.
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| 35. |
- García, Ariel, et al.
(författare)
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Dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of Jatropha curcas fruit shells for ethanol production
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 53, s. 148-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Jatropha curcas is a promising source of oil for the biodiesel industry, and the shells of its fruits could be considered for ethanol production. In this work, the composition of J. curcas shells is investigated, and the potential of dilute-sulphuric acid pretreatment for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is evaluated. A Box–Behnken experimental design was used for assessing the effect of temperature (110–150 °C), H2SO4 concentration (0.5–2.5%) and pretreatment time (15–45 min) on the formation of sugars during pretreatment and on the enzymatic conversion of cellulose. Cellulose conversions above 80% were achieved both in the separated enzymatic hydrolysis and in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated materials. Optimal SSF conversions were predicted for pretreatments at low temperature (136 °C) and moderate acid concentrations (1.5%) and reaction time (30 min). The inclusion of an extraction step prior to the pretreatment revealed a further improvement of the enzymatic conversion of cellulose.
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| 36. |
- Giuffrida, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Human milk fatty acid composition and its association with maternal blood and adipose tissue fatty acid content in a cohort of women from Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 61, s. 2167-2182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Human milk (HM) composition is influenced by factors, like maternal diet and body stores, among other factors. For evaluating the influence of maternal fatty acid (FA) status on milk FA composition, the correlation between FA content in HM and in maternal plasma, erythrocytes, and adipose tissue was investigated.Methods: 223 European women who delivered at term, provided HM samples over first four months of lactation. Venous blood and adipose tissue (only from mothers who consented and underwent a C-section delivery) were sampled at delivery. FAs were assessed in plasma, erythrocytes, adipose tissue, and HM. Evolution of HM FAs over lactation and correlations between FA content in milk and tissues and between mother’s blood and cord blood were established.Results: During lactation, arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) significantly decreased, while linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) remained stable. Positive correlations were observed between HM and adipose tissue for palmitic, stearic, oleic, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Correlations were found between milk and plasma for oleic, LA, ARA, ALA, DHA, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and PUFAs. No correlation was observed between erythrocytes and HM FAs. LA and ALA were more concentrated in maternal blood than in infant blood, contrary to ARA and DHA, supporting that biomagnification of LCPUFAs may have occurred during pregnancy.Conclusions: These data show that maternal adipose tissue rather than erythrocytes may serve as reservoir of PUFAs and LCPUFAs for human milk. Plasma also supplies PUFAs and LCPUFAs to maternal milk. If both, adipose tissue and plasma PUFAs, are reflection of dietary intake, it is necessary to provide PUFAs and LCPUFAs during pregnancy or even before conception and lactation to ensure availability for mothers and enough supply for the infant via HM.
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| 37. |
- Griswold, Max G., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 392:10152, s. 1015-1035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week.Interpretation: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.
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| 38. |
- Gual, Neus, et al.
(författare)
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IMAGINE study protocol of a clinical trial : a multi-center, investigator-blinded, randomized, 36-month, parallel-group to compare the effectiveness of motivational interview in rehabilitation of older stroke survivors
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation pathways are crucial to reduce stroke-related disability. Motivational Interviewing (MI), as a person-centered complex intervention, aimed to empower and motivate, and could be a resource to improve rehabilitation outcomes for older stroke survivors. The IMAGINE project aims to assess the impact of MI, as a complement to standard geriatric rehabilitation, on functional improvement at 30 days after admission, compared to standard geriatric rehabilitation alone, in persons admitted to geriatric rehabilitation after a stroke. Secondary objectives include assessing the impact of MI on physical activity and performance, self-efficacy, safety, cost-utility, participants' experiences and functional status at 3 months. METHODS: We will conduct a multicenter randomized clinical trial in three geriatric rehabilitation hospitals in Spain. Older adults after mild-moderate stroke without previous severe cognitive impairment or disability will be randomized into the control or intervention group (136 per group, total N = 272). The intervention group will receive 4 sessions of MI by trained nurses, including the design of a personalized rehabilitation plan agreed between stroke survivors and nurses based on stroke survivors´ goals, needs, preferences and capabilities. Main outcome will be the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). In-hospital physical activity will be measured through accelerometers and secondary outcomes using validated scales. The study includes a process evaluation and cost-utility analysis. DISCUSSION: Final results are expected by end of 2020. This study will provide relevant information on the implementation of MI as a rehabilitation reinforcement tool in older stroke survivors. A potential reduction in post-stroke disability and dependence would increase person's health-related quality of life and well-being and reduce health and social care costs. IMAGINE has the potential to inform practice and policymakers on how to move forward towards shared decision-making and shared responsibilities in the vulnerable population of older stroke survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03434938 , registered on January 2018.
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| 39. |
- Hernández-Laguna, Alfonso, et al.
(författare)
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Compressibility of 2M1 muscovite-phlogopite series minerals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Modeling. - : Springer. - 1610-2940 .- 0948-5023. ; 25:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscovite (Ms) and phlogopite (Phl) belong to the 2:1 dioctahedral and trioctahedral layer silicates, respectively, and are the end members of Ms-Phl series minerals. This series was studied in the 2M1 polytype and modeled by the substitution of three Mg2+ cations in the Phl octahedral sites by two Al3+ and one vacancy, increasing the substitution up to reach the Ms. The series was computationally examined at DFT level as a function of pressure to 9 GPa. Cell parameters as a function of pressure and composition, and bulk moduli as a function of the composition agrees with the existing experimental results. The mixing Gibbs free energy was calculated as a function of composition. From these data, approximated solvi were calculated at increasing pressure. A gap of solubility is found, decreasing the gap of solubility at high pressure.
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| 40. |
- Ilanidis, Dimitrios, 1986-
(författare)
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Biochemical conversion of biomass : hydrothermal pretreatment, by-product formation, conditioning, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentability
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lignocellulosic residues have great potential as feedstocks for production of bio-based chemicals and fuels. One of the main routes is biochemical conversion, which typically includes pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, microbial fermentation of sugars, and valorization of hydrolysis lignin. Utilization of a broad variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks and development of more efficient conversion processes are advantageous for making bio-based commodities affordable. Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass was investigated with the overall aim to understand how variations in pretreatment conditions affected yields, formation of bioconversion inhibitors, enzymatic digestibility of pretreated materials, and fermentability. Experiments included estimation of pseudo-lignin content and quantitation of recently discovered microbial inhibitors, such as formaldehyde and p-benzoquinone. Conditioning of pretreated material to improve the efficiency of reactions with biocatalysts was further investigated.Hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse was investigated by using both autocatalyzed and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed pretreatment and by varying temperature and time in such a way that the severity factor was maintained at one of three predetermined values. For autocatalyzed pretreatments, the enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated solids was directly proportional to the severity. Pretreatment conditions that were just harsh enough to almost quantitatively solubilize hemicelluloses gave the best results. Potential effects of the redox environment during hydrothermal pretreatment were investigated by addition of oxygen gas or nitrogen gas in experiments with sugarcane bagasse and Norway spruce. The investigation demonstrated that gas addition, and especially addition of oxygen gas, can be used to modulate the severity of acidic hydrothermal pretreatment. Hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw was investigated to evaluate the impact of pretreatment conditions on newly discovered inhibitors, enzymatic digestibility, and fermentation. An increase of the temperature up to 190 °C in autocatalyzed pretreatment led to high combined glucose and xylose yields; up to ~480 kg/ton (dry weight) raw wheat straw. A correlation between enzymatic digestibility and removal of hemicelluloses was observed. A techno-economical evaluation of several conditioning methods for slurries of steam-pretreated spruce indicated that treatment with sodium sulfite was the most favorable option. Treatments with sulfite and dithionite successfully decreased the concentration of formaldehyde. Results also indicate that increased temperature in conditioning of hydrolysate could to some extent compensate for using lower dosages of sodium dithionite.
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