| 21. |
- Spurdle, Amanda B., et al.
(författare)
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Common Genetic Variation at BARD1 Is Not Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755 .- 1055-9965. ; 20:5, s. 1032-1038
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations confer elevated breast cancer risk. Knowledge of factors that can improve breast cancer risk assessment in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers may improve personalized cancer prevention strategies. Methods: A cohort of 5,546 BRCA1 and 2,865 BRCA2 mutation carriers was used to evaluate risk of breast cancer associated with BARD1 Cys557Ser. In a second nonindependent cohort of 1,537 of BRCA1 and 839 BRCA2 mutation carriers, BARD1 haplotypes were also evaluated. Results: The BARD1 Cys557Ser variant was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer from single SNP analysis, with a pooled effect estimate of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71-1.15) in BRCA1 carriers and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.59-1.29) in BRCA2 carriers. Further analysis of haplotypes at BARD1 also revealed no evidence that additional common genetic variation not captured by Cys557Ser was associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusion: Evidence to date does not support a role for BARD1 variation, including the Cy557Ser variant, as a modifier of risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Impact: Interactors of BRCA1/2 have been implicated as modifiers of BRCA1/2-associated cancer risk. Our finding that BARD1 does not contribute to this risk modification may focus research on other genes that do modify BRCA1/2-associated cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1032-38. (C) 2011 AACR.
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| 22. |
- Sun, Zhengyi, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Buffer-enhanced electron injection in organic light-emitting devices with copper cathode
- 2013
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Ingår i: Organic electronics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1566-1199 .- 1878-5530. ; 14:2, s. 511-515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore in this work the use of Cu as a cathode material in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and find a dual electron–injection enhancement mechanism derived from the LiF layer. Different from what observed previously in Ag- and Au-cathode devices, the LiF buffer layer in the Cu-cathode OLEDs starts to play its role in performance improvement when it is much thinner than 3 nm, the optimal value of buffer thickness, and in the case of optimal thickness, the device exhibits excellent performance comparable to conventional Al-cathode device. The phenomenon observed is ascribed to enhanced electron injection as a result of combined effect of interfacial reaction and tunneling barrier reduction mechanism: while chemical reaction plays a key role at the very beginning of interface formation, tunneling dominates in the subsequent stage leading to the tremendous improvement of the characteristics.
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| 23. |
- Walker, Logan C, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for SMAD3 as a modifier of breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Breast cancer research : BCR. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-542X .- 1465-5411. ; 12:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current attempts to identify genetic modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated risk have focused on a candidate gene approach, based on knowledge of gene functions, or the development of large genome-wide association studies. In this study, we evaluated 24 SNPs tagged to 14 candidate genes derived through a novel approach that analysed gene expression differences to prioritise candidate modifier genes for association studies.
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| 24. |
- Wang, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibiting the aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by selenium supplementation ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity and catabolism in chondrocytes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0021-9541 .- 1097-4652. ; 235:5, s. 4434-4442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative osteoarticular disorder associated with physical disability and a heavy economic burden. Contamination by mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and selenium deficiency have been proposed to be key etiological factors for KBD, and can work together to aggravate the progression of KBD. Nevertheless, the mechanism of DON in KBD remains elusive. In the present study, exposure to DON dose-dependently suppressed cell viability and expression of pro-proliferation marker PCNA in human chondrocytes, whereas it enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release, cell apoptosis, and caspase-3/9 activity. In addition, DON incubation shifted metabolism homeostasis towards catabolism by suppressing the transcription of collagen II and aggrecan, and the production of sulphated glycosaminoglycans and TIMP-1, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase levels (MMP-1 and MMP-13). Mechanistically, DON exposure induced the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Intriguingly, blocking this pathway reversed the adverse effects of DON on cytotoxic damage and metabolism disruption to catabolism. Notably, supplementation with selenium reduced DON-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, selenium addition abrogated cytotoxic injury and excessive pro-catabolic gene expression in chondrocytes upon DON conditions. These findings confirm that DON may facilitate the development of KBD by inducing cell injury, inhibiting matrix synthesis, and increasing cellular catabolism by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which were partially reversed by selenium supplementation. Thus, the current study may presents a new viewpoint for how selenium supplementation ameliorates the development of KBD by inhibiting DON-induced cytotoxic injury and metabolism imbalance in chondrocytes.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Yu, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling segregation-induced evolution in phase constitution of Cu-containing high-entropy alloys
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theoretical investigation of Cu segregation effect on phase constitution, magnetic, and mechanical properties of FeCoNi(CumAl)(x) high-entropy alloys is presented. Results show that the homogenous FeCoNi(Cu1.0Al)(x) only exists as a single face-centered cubic phase at arbitrary temperatures. The level of Cu-segregation determines the phase evolution amongst inhomogeneous single phase (0.75 <= m < 1.0), duplex phase (m << 0.75), and triple phase (m approximate to 0.75). Our results reproduce the observation. Only face-centered cubic phase can be formed for FeCoNi(CumAl)(x) with either rather low or extreme high content of (CumAl) even though the segregation occurred. The Cu addition lifts the total magnetic moments by enhancing the local magnetic moment of Fe, Co and Ni. The serious Cu segregation in the duplex-phase HEAs induces the decrease of ductility of fcc and bcc phases. The increasing Cu enhances the strength of Cu-rich fcc phase and the decreasing Cu weakens that of Cu-poor bcc phase.
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| 27. |
- Zhou, Sirui, et al.
(författare)
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A Neanderthal OAS1 isoform protects individuals of European ancestry against COVID-19 susceptibility and severity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 27:4, s. 659-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify circulating proteins influencing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity, we undertook a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, rapidly scanning hundreds of circulating proteins while reducing bias due to reverse causation and confounding. In up to 14,134 cases and 1.2 million controls, we found that an s.d. increase in OAS1 levels was associated with reduced COVID-19 death or ventilation (odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, P = 7 × 10−8), hospitalization (OR = 0.61, P = 8 × 10−8) and susceptibility (OR = 0.78, P = 8 × 10−6). Measuring OAS1 levels in 504 individuals, we found that higher plasma OAS1 levels in a non-infectious state were associated with reduced COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Further analyses suggested that a Neanderthal isoform of OAS1 in individuals of European ancestry affords this protection. Thus, evidence from MR and a case–control study support a protective role for OAS1 in COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Available pharmacological agents that increase OAS1 levels could be prioritized for drug development.
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| 28. |
- Zhou, Wencai, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Grain Boundaries on Ion Migration and Charge Recombination in Halide Perovskites
- 2024
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Ingår i: Small. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grain boundaries (GBs) have a significant role in polycrystalline perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, there is ongoing debate regarding the impact of GBs on the performance and long-term stability of PSCs. Employing the first-principles molecular dynamics for perovskites, the iodine vacancy defect migrations both in bulk and at GBs are investigated. i) The positive iodine vacancy (VI+) is found that have both lower formation energy (1.4 eV) and activation energy (0.18 eV) than those of neutral iodine vacancy (VI), statistically. It indicated the VI+ acts as the dominant migrated iodine vacancy rather than VI; ii) the iodine vacancy at GBs has approximate to 0.48 eV higher activation energy than those in bulk, which leads to the accumulation of iodine vacancy at GBs; iii) the presence of VI+ result in a 3-fold increase in charge recombination ratio at GBs, compared to pristine PSCs. Based on quantum molecular dynamics statistical results, which are consistent with experimental measurements, insights into iodine vacancy migration both at GBs and in the bulk are gained. This understanding can be valuable for defects engineering related to ion migration, in order to improve the long-term stability and promote the performance of PSCs. Understanding defects engineering related to ion migration is crucial for enhancing the long-term stability and performance of hybrid perovskite solar cells. Iodine vacancies accumulate at grain boundaries due to lower formation energy and higher migration potential barrier compared to those in the bulk, which further increase the nonradiative recombination. image
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| 29. |
- Zhu, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Operation characteristics of a new-type loop heat pipe (LHP) with wick separated from heating surface in the evaporator
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 123, s. 1034-1041
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loop heat pipe (LHP) has been widely used for cooling devices with high heat flux. In addition to the capillary pumping force, the pressure head due to evaporation has been assumed to play an important role in the circulation of working fluid. Based on such a hypothesis, a new LHP is designed, in which the wick is separated from the heating surface in the evaporator. Experiments show that such a LHP can start up successfully and reach steady operation, which indirectly verified the hypothesis. The influences of heating power, height of steam chamber, pore radius and porosity of wick are comprehensively investigated. The results show that the start-up time of the new-designed LHP is shorter and the temperature fluctuation is smaller at higher heating power. The steam chamber height has clear impacts on the start-up time and the thermal resistance. The start-up time with the steam chamber height of 2 mm is shorter than that of 3 mm, but the thermal resistance is relatively higher. Moreover, a larger pore radius and a higher porosity of the wick can lead to a shorter start-up time and a smaller thermal resistance of the new LHP.
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| 30. |
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社会企业家 : 影响经济、社会与文化的新力量
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- 其一，本书提供一个全新的理论视角，在系统梳理和反思社会创业的理论和实践基础上，从社会—经济—文化三维视角审视了社会创业，建立了基于三维学科知识体系的价值观，该探索性的研究丰富了社会创业研究的理论元。三维视角建构的社会创业价值方法，推崇社会企业应当兼顾商业、人文和社会价值，并具体运用于评价不同类型社会创业的内在价值和外在价值，社会企业和社会创业要规划一个完整的价值创造战略，推动和驱使企业创造社会和人文效益，并由此形成良性互动，创造更好的经济价值。其二，本书汇集了来自9个国家的23位具有不同背景的研究人员的最新研究成果。书中的论文结合商业、社会和人类发展需要，从不同背景出发探讨经济、政治、文化等议题，涉及不同国家和区域的情况。对于社会创业，探讨范围包括人口稀少的地区或城区、社会创业教育、旨在卫生保健事业的社会创业、社会创业融资、社会创业如何建立和完善共享价值观等，所有这些都是从社会属性和社会结构层面寻找社会创业的理念，从这个意义上而言，这是一本拓展社会创业研究领域的著作。其三，社会创业的实践推动着理论的发展。社会创业在全球实践的兴盛可追溯到穆罕默德·尤努斯于1976年创立的格莱珉银行，通过他们非凡而卓有成效的努力，促进了社会最贫困阶层的经济和社会发展，2006年穆罕默德·尤努斯和孟加拉乡村银行被授予诺贝尔和平奖。在理论领域，社会创业的学术论文和专著从2000年后呈几何级数增长，主要集中在六个研究主题： 社会创业的变革性影响(Eikenberry & Kluver, 2004; Fowler, 2000)，社会创新架构(Austin et al． , 2006)，社会创业（社会性创业）的界定及定义 (Mair & Marti, 2006; Peredo & McLean, 2006; Thompson, 2002; Weerawardena & Mort, 2006; Dees, 2006; Alex Nicholls, 2006), 社会创业和缓解贫困(Fowler, 2000; Seelos & Mair, 2005), 社会企业家的动力和价值观 (Hemingway & Maclagan, 2004; Alex Nicholls, 2006, 2015; Anders Lundstrom, 2010), 以及社会创业组织的启动类型和启动模式(De Leeuw, 1999)。这些研究的时间相对较早，目前国内学者从不同研究主题各有介绍。作为系统梳理社会创业理论和案例的主要著作者，安德斯·伦德斯特罗姆教授在理论和实践领域均具有国际性影响力和声誉。伦德斯特罗姆教授1994年就成立了小企业研究瑞典基金会和国际研究网络经济增长创新研究(IPREG)； 1996 年他设立了企业创业研究国际奖，这是一个为全世界的学者设立的独特奖项； 作为国际小企业署(ICSB)的前任主席，先后组织了三次以企业创业、小企业以及企业创新为主题的世界性会议。本书是安德斯·伦德斯特罗姆教授在社会创业领域的最新著作，也是这个领域比较具有代表性的著作。
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